哈萨克羊DRB1基因外显子3多态性及生物信息学分析

试验旨在研究白细胞表面抗原DRB1基因外显子3多态性与哈萨克羊布鲁氏菌病易感性的相关性。运用混合DNA池结合PCR产物直接测序方法,对哈萨克羊DRB1基因外显子3进行多态性分析,经卡方检验分析每个SNP位点的等位基因频率、基因型频率及其多态性与布鲁氏菌病易感性的相关性,利用生物信息学分析软件对PCR扩增所获序列进行RNA二级结构及蛋白质的二级结构和抗原表位分析。结果表明,在282 bp的外显子3序列中共检测到7个SNPs,分别为：T10C、C119T（Trp→Arg）、G215C（Gln→Glu）、A238G、T245G（Ser→Ala）、G256A、C259T,这些位点在病例组和对照组之间的等位基因频率及各基因型间不存在显著性差异（P > 0.05）;进一步分析发现,各突变位点均引起RNA二级结构和最小自由能的改变,各错义突变位点均未引起蛋白质二级结构和抗原表位的改变。由此得出,DRB1基因外显子3的7个SNPs位点（T10C、C119T、G215C、A238G、T245G、G256A和C259T）与哈萨克羊布鲁氏菌病易感性无相关性。     

哈萨克羊iNOS基因多态性与布鲁氏菌病的相关性分析

试验旨在探讨哈萨克羊诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）基因多态性与布鲁氏菌病的相关性。使用虎红平板凝集试验（RBPT）方法对231只哈萨克羊血清进行布鲁氏菌病血清学检测,参考GenBank中绵羊iNOS基因序列,针对其第6、7、8外显子及其邻近内含子片段设计引物,利用PCR-SSCP技术和DNA测序技术对231只哈萨克羊的iNOS基因进行多态性检测,分析其SNPs与哈萨克羊布鲁氏菌病易感性的相关性。结果表明,67只哈萨克羊为布鲁氏菌感染阳性,阳性检出率为29.00%。在哈萨克羊iNOS基因的外显子6和8片段上未检测到多态位点,在外显子7片段上检测出F7-T18054C和F7-C18084T 2个多态位点,在F7-T18054C多态位点上检测到3种基因型（TC、TT、CC）,优势等位基因和基因型分别是C型和CT型,其等位基因频率和基因型频率分别是0.660和0.446。在F7-C18084T多态位点上检测到2种基因型（CT、CC）,优势等位基因频率和基因型分别是C和CC型,其等位基因和基因型频率分别是0.946和0.892。F7-C18084T属于低度多态（PIC<0.25）,F7-T18054C属于中度多态（0.25 < PIC < 0.5）。相关性分析表明,F7-T18054C和F7-C18084T多态位点与布鲁氏菌病易感性无显著相关性（P>0.05）。试验结果表明,哈萨克羊iNOS基因F7-T18054C和F7-C18084T多态位点与布鲁氏菌病易感性不存在相关性。     

Polymorphisms and Its Genetic Variation Analysis of DQB2 Gene Exon 2 in Kazakh Sheep

This study was aimed to investigate the association between the polymorphism of DQB2 gene exon 2 and the susceptibility to Kazakh sheep brucellosis. The DQB2 gene exon 2 of Kazakh sheep lymphocyte antigen was amplified by PCR-SSCP method from 146 healthy and 28 infected with Brucella Kazakh sheep, and the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) was analyzed, then the different alleles were selected for cloning and sequencing. In order to analyze its correlation with brucellosis susceptibility, the differences in gene frequency and genotype frequency of each SNP locus were analyzed by Chi-square test. Bioinformatics softwares were used to analyze the secondary structure of mRNA, the secondary structure, tertiary structure and epitope of protein. The sequencing result showed that 33 SNPs were detected in 270 bp DNA sequence, the gene frequencies of C9G and A180G were extremely significantly different in case group and control group (P<0.01), and its genotype frequencies presented significantly difference (P<0.05). Similarly, A13T and C133G loci were significant difference in case group and control group (P<0.05). Further analysis result showed that the minimum free energy of the A180G mutation site was the lowest and its mRNA secondary structure was the most stable; Both A13T and C133G mutation sites caused the changes of mRNA secondary structure, protein secondary, tertiary structure and antigenic epitope of protein, respectively. The results showed that the polymorphism of DQB2 gene exon 2 might be significantly correlated with brucellosis susceptibility in Kazakh sheep.     

中国美利奴羊OLA-DQB1基因exon2遗传多态性与布鲁氏菌病易感性的关联分析

本试验采用PCR-SSCP方法对148只布鲁氏菌阴性和60只布鲁氏菌阳性中国美利奴羊白细胞表面抗原DQB1(OLA-DQB1)基因exon 2单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)进行了检测,之后挑选不同等位基因进行PCR产物测序,旨在确定该基因的多态性位点,并对每个SNP位点的等位基因频率、基因型频率进行统计分析,从而分析其多态性与布鲁氏菌病易感性的相关性.测序结果表明,在270 bp的序列内共检测到43个SNPs,其中G196A位点的等位基因频率在病例组和对照组中的分布存在极显著差异(P< 0.01),其基因型频率存在显著差异(P< 0.05);C211T位点的等位基因频率在病例组和对照组中存在显著差异(P< 0.05).由此表明,OLA-DQB1基因exon 2多态性与中国美利奴羊布鲁氏菌病易感性呈显著相关.     

大白猪DQB第2外显子SNP多态性分析

采用混合池DNA扩增产物直接测序技术对大白猪DQB基因第2外显子的SNP多态性进行分析。结果表明,大白猪DQB基因第2外显子有18个SNP位点,表现出高度多态。结果对猪的遗传特性和抗病机制的研究提供了一定的理论依据。     

哈萨克绵羊DRB1基因外显子1和4多态性与布鲁氏菌病的相关性研究

试验旨在对哈萨克绵羊DRB1基因外显子1和4多态性与布鲁氏菌病的相关性进行研究。使用虎红平板凝集试验（RBPT）对试羊的血清进行血清学检测，参考GenBank中绵羊MHC ClassⅡ区DRB1基因序列（登录号：NC_040271.1），对其外显子1和4片段设计引物，采用PCR-SSCP和DNA测序技术对230只哈萨克绵羊的DRB1基因进行多态性检测，分析其多态位点与哈萨克绵羊布鲁氏菌易感性之间的关系。RBPT检测发现66只哈萨克绵羊为布鲁氏菌感染阳性，阳性检出率为28.7%。外显子1片段存在一个SNP位点（F1-G22A），测序确定两种基因型（GG、GA），优势等位基因和基因型分别为G、GG，F1-G22A多态位点的易感基因型为GA。卡方检验表明，哈萨克绵羊DRB1基因F1-G22A多态位点与布鲁氏菌易感性的相关性不显著（P>0.05）。通过生物信息学在线软件分析得出，F1-G22A多态位点导致了RNA二级结构的改变和最小自由能的降低，引起了蛋白质二级结构的改变。DRB1基因外显子4片段未发现SNPs。由此得出，哈萨克绵羊DRB1基因F1-G22A多态位点与布鲁氏菌易感性可能存在一定的相关性。     

中国美利奴羊TLR2基因多态性及其与布鲁氏菌病的相关性分析

试验旨在研究Toll样受体2（Toll-like receptor,TLR2）基因的多态性及其与中国美利奴羊布鲁氏菌病易感性的相关性。利用生物信息学方法对NCBI上公布的绵羊TLR2基因序列进行比对,选出多态位点丰富的片段进行扩增,运用PCR-SSCP的方法对206个中国美利奴布鲁氏菌病阴性样本和80个中国美利奴羊布鲁氏菌病阳性样本进行TLR2基因的多态性检测,然后对不同等位基因的PCR产物进行测序,确定该基因的多态性位点,经卡方检验分析每个SNP位点的等位基因频率、基因型频率及其多态性与布鲁氏菌病易感性的相关性,利用生物信息学软件分析RNA二级结构及蛋白质的二级结构。结果表明,在279 bp的序列中共检测到3个SNPs,分别为：C1731T、G1737C和G1749T,均未引起对应氨基酸的改变,属于无义突变。这些位点在病例组和对照组之间的等位基因频率及基因型频率均不存在显著差异（P>0.05）。各突变位点均能引起RNA二级结构和最小自由能的改变,而蛋白质的二级结构均未改变。由此得出,中国美利奴羊TLR2基因的3个SNPs位点（C1731T、G1737C和G1749T）与中国美利奴羊布鲁氏菌病易感性无相关性。     

优质肉鸡腺苷琥珀酸裂解酶基因第2和第9外显子单核苷酸多态性分析

以四川大恒家禽育种有限公司培育的8个优质肉鸡群体(5个品系和3个杂交组合)为材料,采用PCR-SSCP技术结合测序检测鸡ADSL基因外显子2与外显子9的单核苷酸多态性.结果表明:在所研究的群体中,腺苷琥珀酸裂解酶(ADSL)基因外显子2的3797位点发生C→T突变,外显子9的10225位点发生A→T突变;适合性检验显示,ADSL基因外显子2、外显子9各基因型频率除1个群体外均处于哈代-温伯格平衡;对群体各位点基因型频率分布进行计算,发现ADSL-3797和ADSL-10225 SNPs位点属于中度多态位点,多态信息含量分别为0.283和0.320.本研究为ADSL基因SNPs位点与优质肉鸡重要肉质性状的关联性研究奠定了基础.     

7个牛品种PON2基因第9外显子SSCP分析及其外显子多态性扫描

对氧磷酶2（Paraoxonase-2,PON2）产物是脂肪代谢过程中的抗氧化酶,被确定为影响相关重大心血管疾病和人类寿命的重要候选基因。本研究利用直接测序法对PON2基因所有外显子进行多态位点扫描,利用PCR-SSCP技术对中国西门塔尔牛、鲁西牛、秦川牛、晋南牛、荷斯坦牛、摩拉水牛和尼里-拉菲水牛7个品种的478头个体PON2基因第9外显子T98C位点进行多态性分析。结果表明,PON2基因外显子上共发现4个单核苷酸突变位点,但均未引起氨基酸的改变;第9外显子扩增大小为167bp的片段存在单链构象多态性。除鲁西牛和荷斯坦牛外,其它5个品种牛在该基因座位都处于Hardy—Weinberg平衡状态（P〉0．05）。鲁西牛、南阳牛、晋南牛和荷斯坦牛4个群体处于中度多态（0．25〈PIC〈0．50）,其它3个牛种为低度多态。除摩拉水牛和尼里-拉菲水牛不存在AA基因型外,其它5个牛品种中均存在AA、AB、BB3种基因型,但优势等位基因在7个品种牛群体中存在差异,基因型频率在鲁西牛和南阳牛中AA〉AB〉BB;晋南牛则3种基因型频率之比约为1：1：1;中国西门塔尔牛则出现严重的偏态,B等位基因为绝对优势等位基因;2种水牛中,BB基因型为优势基因型,B等位基因为优势等位基因。利用SAS9．1软件GLM过程分析基因型均值,用邓肯法（Duncan’s）进行基因型间的多重比较,将该基因座不同基因型与7个牛品种间和鲁西牛6个年龄组（n=238）进行了差异分析,结果表明,不同基因型在品种间存在极显著的差异（P〈0．01）;鲁西牛各年龄组与各基因型间差异不显著（P〉0．05）,但各种基因型间存在有着极显著的差异（P〈0．01）。结合各种基因型个体在不同年龄组间的变化趋势,AA型个体可能具有相对较长的使用寿命。     

黔北麻羊TYR基因多态性及生物信息学分析

为研究黔北麻羊毛色形成的遗传机制,本实验对黔北麻羊哺乳动物酪氨酸酶(TYR)基因外显子区域运用混合DNA池结合PCR产物直接测序方法进行多态性分析,在TYR基因外显子区域共筛选出5个SNPs,分别为Exon1-G617A、Exon1-G685T、Exon3-C1236T(Asn-Lys)、Exon5-C1578T(Gly-Glu)、Exon5-T1862C;进而利用生物信息学分析软件对PCR扩增所获序列进行m RNA二级结构及蛋白质二级结构和三级结构分析,发现Exon3-C1236T(Asn-Lys)、Exon5-C1578T(Gly-Glu)引起m RNA二级结构的改变,其中Exon1-G685T、Exon3-C1236T(Asn-Lys)、Exon5-T1862C突变导致其m RNA二级结构最小自由能增大,即二级结构稳定性降低,其错义突变位点Exon3-C1236T(Asn-Lys)、Exon5-C1578T(Gly-Glu)均引起蛋白质二级结构和三级结构的改变。     

The Correlation Analysis between Chinese Merino Sheep OLA-DQB1 Gene Exon 2 Genetic Polymorphism and Brucellosis Susceptibility

The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ovine lymphocyte antigen DQB1 (OLA-DQB1) gene exon 2 was amplified by PCR-SSCP method from 148 healthy and 60 infected with Brucella Chinese Merino sheep and then PCR products of different alleles were sequenced to determine the polymorphism loci of the gene.The differences in gene frequency and genotype frequency of each SNP loci were analyzed statistically to analyze its correlation with brucellosis susceptibility.The sequencing result showed that 43 SNPs were detected in 270 bp DNA sequence,the gene frequencies of G196A allele had extremely significant difference in case and control samples (P< 0.01),and its genotype frequencies presented significant difference (P< 0.05).Similarly,C211T allele was significantly different in case and control samples (P< 0.05).The results showed that the polymorphism of OLA-DQB1 gene exon 2 might be a significant association gene with brucellosis susceptibility.     

The Correlation Between Polymorphisms of Exon1 and Exon4 of DRB1 Gene and Brucellosis in Kazakh Sheep

The purpose of this experiment was to study the correlation between exon 1 and 4 polymorphisms of DRB1 gene and brucellosis in Kazakh sheep.Using RBPT serological tests to try sheep serum,reference in GenBank sheep MHC Class Ⅱ area DRB1 gene sequences (Accession No.:NC_040271.1),the exon 1 and 4 pieces designed primers,using PCR-SSCP and DNA sequencing technology to 230 Kazak sheep DRB1 gene polymorphism detection,analyze its polymorphism loci and the relationship between the Kazak sheep Brucella susceptibility.The results showed that 66 Kazakh sheep were positive for Brucella in RBPT test,and the positive detection rate was 28.7%.There was one SNP locus (F1-G22A) in exon 1 fragment,and sequencing determined two genotypes (GG and GA),the dominant allele and genotype were G and GG respectively,and the susceptibility genotype of the polymorphisms of F1-G22A was GA.Chi-square test showed that there was no significant correlation between the polymorphisms of DRB1 gene F1-G22A and Brucella susceptibility in Kazakh sheep (P>0.05).According to the analysis of bioinformatics online software,the F1-G22A polymorphic sites lead to the change of RNA secondary structure and the decrease of minimum free energy,and lead to the change of protein secondary structure.No SNPs were found in DRB1 exon 4 fragment.Therefore,there might be a certain correlation between the polymorphisms of DRB1 gene F1-G22A and Brucella susceptibility in Kazakh sheep.     

绵羊MyoG基因外显子的单核苷酸多态性群体遗传学分析

采用PCR—SSCP技术分析了肌细胞生成素（MyoG）基因外显子1、2在蒙古羊、无角陶赛特羊、德国肉用美利奴羊和白萨福克羊这4个绵羊品种的多态性。结果表明在在外显子1（exonⅠ）所扩增的片段中存在3种基因型（AA型、AB型和BB型），在外显子2（exonⅡ）所扩增的片段中不存在多态性。对于exonⅠ扩增片段，4个绵羊品种均检测到AA和AB基因型；BB基因型只在蒙古羊、陶赛特羊和白萨福克羊中检测到。在4个绵羊品种中，蒙古羊的AA基因型频率最高，而其它3个品种羊是AB基因型频率高；A等位基因频率明显高于B等位基因频率。exonⅠ的多态性片段测序分析表明：MyoG基因第305处发生了单碱基突变（T→C），并导致了所编码氨基酸由半胱氨酸变为精氨酸。     

5个猪种DECR1基因外显子2单链构象多态性的群体遗传学分析

试验利用PCR-SSCP技术检测了山西马身猪、山西白猪、长白猪、大白猪和杜洛克猪5个品种共490头猪的DE-CR1基因外显子2的多态性。结果显示,DECR1基因外显子2位点存在多态性,表现出AA、BB和AB 3种基因型。群体遗传学分析结果表明,5个猪种都是等位基因B为优势基因;Hardy-Weinberg平衡检验结果显示,山西白猪和杜洛克猪处于平衡状态,山西马身猪、长白猪和大白猪处于非平衡状态;各品种猪的多态信息含量均为中度多态。