米尔贝肟与吡喹酮复合片剂对猫自然感染胃肠道蠕虫的疗效观察

为评价口服米尔贝肟与吡喹酮复合片(Milbermax~?,Novartis Sante Animale)对猫自然感染胃肠道蠕虫的疗效,本研究将治疗前体况相近且粪便虫卵检查为阳性的猫分为Milbermax~?组、药物对照吡喹酮单方组及阳性对照组,每组35只。随后按规定剂量和途径给药,并在给药前1 d和给药后第7天与第14天取粪样用麦克马斯特氏法(McMaster method)计算克粪虫卵数(eggs per gram, EPG),治疗后第15天结束试验,对猫进行安乐死,剖检收集胃肠道蠕虫均按种类和阶段进行鉴定和计数。结果显示Milbermax~?组(米尔贝肟2 mg/kg+吡喹酮5 mg/kg)对华支睾吸虫、棘口吸虫、心形咽口吸虫、曼氏迭宫绦虫、犬复孔绦虫、猫弓首蛔虫和钩虫的驱虫率分别为97.3%、100.0%、99.7%、84.9%、100.0%、100.0%和100.0%,驱净率为53.3%、100.0%、92.3%、75.0%、100.0%、100.0%和100.0%,对毛细线虫的虫卵减少率和转阴率分别为100.0%和90.0%。吡喹酮单方组(5 mg/kg)对华支睾吸虫、棘口吸虫、心形咽口吸虫、曼氏迭宫绦虫和犬复孔绦虫的驱虫率分别为93.2%、100.0%、100.0%、83.0%和100.0%,驱净率为31.3%、100.0%、100.0%、50.0%和100.0%,对毛细线虫无效。受试药物对猫无不良作用。结果表明Milbermax~?以推荐剂量单次口服给药对猫自然感染胃肠道蠕虫更加安全有效,为防治猫只在野外条件下蠕虫感染提供了安全可靠的保障。     

吡喹酮非水溶液注射剂的研制--日本血吸虫病治疗试验

利用本课题组研制的吡喹酮非水溶液注射剂，分别进行了小鼠和牛的日本血吸虫病治疗试验。结果表明，感染日本血吸虫的小鼠按每千克体质量20mg和30mg的剂量肌肉注射吡喹酮的减雌率均达100％，人工感染日本血吸虫的牛按每千克体质量10mg和12mg的剂量肌肉注射吡喹酮的减雌率均达100％，每千克体质量8mg的剂量的减雌率为96．41％。自然感染血吸虫病牛按每千克体质量10mg的剂量肌肉注射后30d，粪便转阴率达90．50％。这一结果说明，研制的吡喹酮注射剂具有良好的治疗效果。     

三氯苯咪唑片剂对藏系绵羊肝片吸虫的驱虫试验

应用三氯苯咪唑片剂分为5,10,15mg/kg体重剂量组,并设药物对照组和阳性对照组,选择自然感染肝片吸虫的绵羊经口一次给药,采用粪检法进行了驱虫试验。结果:,三氯苯咪唑片剂5mg/kg剂量组7,14,21,28d的虫卵转阴率分别为86.7%,93.3%和100.0%,减少率分别为97.1%,96.3%和100.0%;10,15mg/kg剂量组的虫卵转阴率、减少率均达100%;,三氯苯咪唑片10mg/kg剂量与同剂量三氯苯咪唑原料药的驱虫效果无明显差异;,三氯苯咪唑片剂3个剂量组试验羊未见异常反应。试验证明三氯苯咪唑片剂10mg/kg剂量驱除绵羊肝片吸虫高效安全,适宜推广应用。     

两种驱虫药物驱除羊肝片吸虫的效力试验

应用三氯苯咪唑片剂和氯氰碘柳胺钠注射液,选择6~8月龄自然感染肝片吸虫的绵羊80只进行驱虫试验。结果:(1)三氯苯咪唑片剂5、10、15 mg/kg体重剂量对肝片吸虫的虫卵转阴率、减少率和成虫的驱虫率均达100.0%,对肝片吸虫幼虫的驱虫率分别为93.9%、100.0%和100.0%;(2)氯氰碘柳胺钠注射液5、10、15 mg/kg体重剂量对肝片吸虫的虫卵转阴率分别为60.0%、80.0%和100.0%,减少率分别为89.2%、98.2%和100.0%,对成虫驱虫率均分别为97.9%、100.0%和100.0%,幼虫驱虫率分别为90.7%、94.3%和100.0%;(3)三氯苯咪唑片剂10 mg/kg体重剂量与同剂量对照药物三氯苯咪唑混悬剂的驱虫效果无差异;(4)三氯苯咪唑片剂和氯氰碘柳胺钠注射液3个剂量组试验羊未见异常反应。试验证明,三氯苯咪唑片剂5、10、15 mg/kg体重和氯氰碘柳胺钠注射液10、15 mg/kg体重剂量驱除绵羊肝片吸虫安全高效。驱除绵羊肝片吸虫两种药物的使用剂量,三氯苯咪唑片剂不低于5 mg/kg,氯氰碘柳胺钠注射液不低于10 mg/kg体重。     

吡喹酮缓释剂防制牛血吸虫病试验

应用吡喹酮缓释剂肌注(每mL含吡喹酮357mg)与吡喹酮粉剂口服分别对我省大邑、旌阳、芦山等县查出的84头血吸虫病病牛进行了治疗和观察.吡喹酮缓释剂组34头,共分为4组,Ⅰ～Ⅳ组,分别肌注15mL/头(共9头),20mL/头(共8头),25mL/头(共9头)及0.05mL/kg体重.粉剂口服组15头,水牛按25mg/kg体重,黄牛按30mg/kg体重;对照组35头,不用药物治疗.试验结果表明:缓释剂组可在3个月内有效地控制牛血吸虫病的重复感染.     

吡喹酮口服治疗耕牛血吸虫病出现过敏反应病例的观察

<正> 我们用上海制药厂生产的白色微晶吡喹酮药粉,批号为900538号。在瑞洪、三塘两个家畜血防组进行治疗耕牛血吸虫病的病牛,计2157头,其中水牛1922头,黄牛235头。口服吡喹酮总剂量是:水牛体重为25mg/kg,限量400公斤,黄牛体重为30mg/kg,限量300公斤,均采取一次性灌服药粉的治疗方法。历年来,我们在疫区乡、镇、场,广泛应用吡喹酮药粉口服治疗后,     

吡喹酮氯仿油制剂治疗山羊日本血吸虫病研究

通过口服吡喹酮氯仿油制剂（25mg/kg）治疗人工感染山羊日本血吸虫病，39天后解剖冲法，计数残存虫体，与对照组相比，减虫率为95.7%，减雌率为96.7%。早期文献报道（1981)，当口服吡喹酮剂量20mg/kg时，可获得99.8%的减虫率和100%的减雌率。鉴于国外已有吡喹酮不能完全治愈病人的报道和血吸虫可能已有抗吡喹酮的抗药性，吡喹酮治疗动物血吸虫的适宜治疗剂量值得商讨。     

三氯苯咪唑片剂对牦牛肝片吸虫的驱虫试验

应用三氯苯咪唑片剂分为5、10、15mg/kg体重剂量组,并设药物对照组和阳性对照组,选择自然感染肝片吸虫的牦牛经口一次给药,采用粪检法进行了驱虫试验.结果:①三氯苯咪唑片剂5mg/kg剂量组7,14,21,28d的虫卵转阴率分别为93.3％,100.0％,100.0％和100.0％,减少率分别为94.9％,100.0％,100.0％和100.0％;10,15mg/kg剂量组的虫卵转阴率、减少率均达100％;②同剂量三氯苯咪唑片剂和原料药的驱虫效果无显著差异;③三氯苯咪唑片剂3个剂量组试验牛未见异常反应.试验证明三氯苯咪唑片剂5～10mg/kg剂量驱除牦牛肝片吸虫高效安全,适宜推广应用.     

芬苯达唑干混悬剂对绵羊裸头科绦虫的驱除效力试验

应用芬苯达唑干混悬剂,分别按5,10,20mg/kg体重剂量驱除绵羊裸头科绦虫,并设吡喹酮片剂20mg/kg体重剂量药物对照组和阳性对照组。粪检结果:芬苯达唑干混悬剂5,10,20mg/kg剂量对裸头科绦虫的粪便虫卵(节片)转阴率分别为70.0%、100.0%和100.0%。用药后14d剖检结果:芬苯达唑干混悬剂5mg/kg体重剂量对莫尼茨绦虫、无卵黄腺绦虫的驱虫率分别为70.7%、63.0%;10、20mg/kg体重剂量的驱虫率均达100.0%。结果表明10mg/kg和20mg/kg体重芬苯达唑干混悬剂试验剂量对绵羊裸头科2属绦虫均有效,其中10mg/kg以上剂量驱除绵羊裸头科绦虫高效安全。     

吡喹酮治疗耕牛血吸虫病疗效观察

吡喹酮(Praziquantel)是当今治疗日本血吸虫病最理想的化合物.临床治疗不仅无毒副作用,而且疗程短、疗效好.我们在1988年、1993年两年中,采用吡喹酮肌肉注射、口服以及重瓣胃注射等不同剂量、剂型治疗耕牛血吸虫病,取得了满意的效果.现报告如下:一、材料与方法(一)病样选择:1988年、1993年两年中,采用粪便淘洗沉淀孵化法,从太湖农场农户耕牛2226头中普查,又经复查出阳性病牛500头作为治疗对象.(二)分组:治疗分为四组.①肌注组:1988年在太湖农场新风分场岳台队,采用7.5%吡喹酮注射治疗病牛30头.②口服I组:1993年在太湖农场梅槐分场井泉队,采用口服吡喹酮(30mg/kg)治疗病牛30头.③口服II组:1993年在太湖农场四个分场32个生产队,采用口服吡喹酮(25mg/kg)治疗病牛410头.④重瓣胃注射组:1993年在太湖农场梅槐分场孙台队,采用吡喹酮(25mg/kg)重瓣胃注射治疗病牛30头.     

Clinical Therapeutic Effect of Praziquantel Injection on Buffalo Schistosomiasis

To observe the clinical therapeutic effect of 30% praziquantel injection on buffalo schistosomiasis, the sick buffalos naturally infected with Schistosoma japonicum were selected by miracidium hatching method. In experimental clinical trials, sick buffalos were randomly divided into five groups, high-dose (20 mg/kg), middle-dose (10 mg/kg) and low-dose (5 mg/kg) praziquantel injection groups, praziquantel tablet group (30 mg/kg) and positive control group. After the treatment of 30 d, the negative conversion rate of miracidium were 100.0%, 100.0%, 77.8% and 85.7%, respectively, in praziquantel injection groups with the high, middle and low dose and oral medication group. In expanded clinical trials, the sick buffalos were randomly divided into two groups, praziquantel injection group (10 mg/kg, i.m.) and praziquantel tablet group (30 mg/kg). The results showed that, the negative conversion rate of miracidium were all 100% in the former 52 patients and the latter 6 patients after 30 d. The research confirmed that praziquantel injection was significantly effective in the treatment of buffalo schistosomiasis and convenient for administration. It was concluded that 30% praziquantel injection could replace the traditional oral praziquantel tablet for the treatment of buffalo schistosomiasis, and the recommended dose was 10 mg/kg.     

吡喹酮注射剂早期治疗小鼠血吸虫病效果的初步研究

为探索吡喹酮新制剂早期治疗血吸虫病效果,对人工感染日本血吸虫20d的小鼠皮下给药进行减虫率、肝脏减卵率统计,并在不同时间点对口服组和皮下注射吡喹酮新制剂组的未感染小鼠在给药后采集血浆,高效液相色谱法建立药时曲线。结果显示新制剂600mg/kg剂量治疗的3次试验的减虫率分别为72.88%、82.69%和56.7%,肝脏减卵率分别为81.7%、94.8%和70.7%,对感染20d期别的血吸虫有较好效果。而高效液相色谱法检测血药浓度显示,新制剂经皮下给药方式可使有效杀虫浓度(约0.3μg/mL)持续10d以上,具有缓释作用。吡喹酮新注射制剂能杀灭20d童虫,减少血吸虫病的危害,对血吸虫病的防治有较大的意义。     

复方吡喹酮注射液防治羊脑多头蚴病的试验研究

为了获得复方吡喹酮注射液治疗羊脑多头蚴病的最佳治疗剂量,本试验应用复方吡喹酮注射液30、50、80 mg/kg BW三个剂量组对患羊脑多头蚴病的绵羊进行治疗,设80 mg/kg BW剂量的丙硫咪唑作为药物对照组.试验结果表明,30 mg/kg BW剂量组治愈率较低,为68.97%,不能达到治疗目的;50和80 mg/kg BW剂量对羊脑多头蚴均有很强的驱杀作用,对病羊的治愈率分别为91.84%和92.85%,但两组间差异不显著(P＞0.05);高、中剂量组(80、50 mg/kg BW)与低剂量组、药物对照组比较差异极显著(P＜0.01).50 mg/kg BW剂量为防治羊脑多头蚴病的最佳治疗剂量.     

Pharmacokinetics of new high‐concentration and long‐acting praziquantel oily suspensions after intramuscular administration in cattle

The aim of the study was to develop praziquantel (PZQ) oily suspensions with 30% PZQ high concentration for intramuscular injection and investigate their pharmacokinetics in cattle. Two optimized formulations containing 30% PZQ were developed in this study, and their quality met the technical standards set by the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China. After intramuscular administrations of the suspensions (30 mg/kg), no significant differences were observed between the two oily suspensions. However, compared with the market available PZQ tablet after oral administration (150 mg/kg), our injections revealed longer plasma elimination half‐life (26.23, 22.16 h vs 6.35 h) and mean residence time (27.10, 25.88 h vs 9.16 h), indicating the antiparasitic efficacy of our suspensions may be prolonged, and further clinical efficacy investigation is needed. In addition, the relative bioavailability of our formulated suspensions was improved up to 441.32% and 425.60% compared with the oral reference product. Therefore, the injectable suspensions have the potential to become antiparasitic agents for the treatment of cattle schistosomiasis.     

Clinical observations of cattle and buffalos with experimentally induced chronic copper poisoning

The susceptibility of cattle and buffalos to chronic copper poisoning (CCP) was compared by using cattle (n = 10) and buffalo (n = 10) steers distributed into two copper supplemented (n = 6) and two control (n = 4) groups. Supplemented animals received 2 mg copper (Cu)/kg body weight daily for one week, with an additional 2 mg weekly until the end of the experiment (day 105). Three liver biopsies (day 0, 45, and 105) were obtained for mineral analyses; clinical examinations and blood samples were obtained every 15 days. Three supplemented cattle and two buffalos with typical manifestations of CCP died. There were no differences in the frequency of mortality between cattle and buffalos; hepatic copper concentration was higher in cattle than buffalos. These findings suggest that buffalos and cattle might be equally susceptible to CCP. However, buffalos accumulate less liver copper than cattle and have a lower threshold of hepatic Cu accumulation, which leads to clinical manifestation of CCP.     

Anthelmintic efficacy of febantel combined with praziquantel against Ancylostoma tubaeforme, Toxocara cati, and Taenia taeniaeformis in cats

Forty cats, each harboring 2 or 3 parasitic infections (Ancylostoma tubaeforme, Toxocara cati, and/or Taenia taeniaeformis), were used to titrate the anthelmintic efficacy of a paste containing 3.4% febantel and 0.34% praziquantel. The cats were allotted into 4 groups (10 cats/group). For 3 consecutive days, the cats were given febantel/praziquantel at 5/0.5 mg/kg/day, 10/1 mg/kg/day, 15/1.5 mg/kg/day, or a blank paste vehicle (control) at 0.29 g/kg of body weight. The recommended dosage of 10 mg of febantel and 1 mg of praziquantel/kg cleared greater than or equal to 98% of the 3 helminth species.     

Efficacy of ivermectin chewable tablets and two new ivermectin tablet formulations against Dirofilaria immitis larvae in dogs.

One hundred four heartworm-free Beagles less than 1 year old were studied to determine the efficacy of ivermectin chewable tablets and of 2 other ivermectin tablet formulations against heartworm larvae. At 30 days after SC inoculation of dogs with infective Dirofilaria immitis larvae, all ivermectin formulations were given orally at dosage of 6 micrograms/kg of body weight. The ivermectin chewable tablets also were given orally at dosage of 2 and 6 micrograms/kg at 30 and 45 days, respectively, after injection of larvae. Replicates of 6 or 8 dogs in each study were formed on the basis of gender and body weight and, within replicates, were randomly allocated to treatment groups. At 30 days after injection of larvae, the additional dogs (in replicates of 8) were assigned to the control group and to the group given ivermectin chewable tablets at dosage of 6 micrograms/kg. All dogs were housed individually. Necropsy was performed approximately 5 or 6 months after larvae were administered. In both trials, all control dogs had heartworms at necropsy (University of Illinois--geometric mean, 35.0; Florida--geometric mean, 26.1). In both trials, the ivermectin chewable tablet (6 micrograms/kg) and both tablet formulations (6 micrograms/kg) given at 30 days after larval injection, and the chewable formulation (6 micrograms/kg) given at 45 days after larval injection were 100% effective (P less than 0.01) in preventing development of induced infection with D immitis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Effect of gender on slaughter and carcass traits in Anatolian water buffalo

This study determined the effect of gender on slaughter and carcass traits in Anatolian water buffalos reared under free range conditions in Turkey. Sixteen four-years-old Anatolian water buffalo were divided into two groups of eight males in one group and eight females in the other. The slaughter and carcass traits, carcass measurement, amount of worthy meat from each animal and phenotypic correlations among some carcass traits were determined. Chilling loss, slaughter weight and hot and cold carcass weights were 5.27%, 496.44 kg, 234.60 kg and 222.16 kg, respectively in males and 5.43%, 515.34 kg, 236.08 kg and 223.00 kg, respectively for females (P > 0.05). The ratio of skin and four leg weights (P < 0.05) and skin, head and the legs weights to the live-weight (P < 0.01) were found significantly higher in males than in female buffalos. In addition, from worthy meat, short loin was higher in males compared to females (P < 0.05). In this study, it is concluded that, generally carcass yield and amount of worthy meat in carcass tends to be higher in male water buffalo compared to females.