抑制泛素结合酶改变猪卵母细胞透明带泛素化状态及精-卵结合能力

本研究旨在探究猪卵母细胞体外成熟过程中添加泛素结合酶(E2)抑制剂对卵母细胞透明带蛋白泛素化水平及精-卵结合能力的影响。试验分为6组:对照组、DMSO组、5、10、15和20μmol·L^-1 NSC697923处理组。采用Western blot方法分析体外成熟培养液中添加不同浓度泛素结合酶抑制剂NSC697923对猪卵母细胞透明带泛素化水平表达的影响。通过Hoechst染色检测不同组别的精卵结合能力。结果表明:1)猪卵母细胞体外成熟培养液中,添加10、15和20μmol·L^-1 NSC697923显著降低卵母细胞成熟率(P<0.05),透明带硬化时间(P<0.05)以及精卵结合率(P<0.05)。2)对照组和各处理组的透明带蛋白在61、81、106 ku处发生不同程度的泛素化标记,而添加15和20μmol·L^-1 NSC697923显著地降低透明带蛋白泛素化水平(P<0.05)。综上表明,猪卵母细胞体外成熟过程中泛素结合酶(E2)改变成熟卵母细胞透明带泛素化水平以及精卵结合能力。     

猪卵母细胞体外成熟中添加PPi改变透明带泛素化水平及精卵结合能力

本研究主要目的是评价猪卵母细胞成熟培养中添加无机磷酸盐焦磷酸(PPi)对卵母细胞成熟、透明带泛素化水平及精卵结合能力的影响。试验设置对照组及0.1、1、5μg/m L 3个添加PPi处理组,检测卵母细胞成熟率、透明带泛素化水平及精卵结合情况。结果显示:1μg/m L PPi处理组卵母细胞成熟率为75.06%,显著高于对照组(P0.05);1μg/m L PPi处理组透明带泛素化水平显著高于其他各组(P0.05);1μg/m L PPi处理组透明带酶解时间为278.93 s,显著低于对照组(P0.05);1μg/m L PPi处理组精子黏附率为83.24,显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:PPi显著提高卵母细胞体外成熟率和透明带泛素化水平,降低透明带溶解时间和精子黏附率。     

不同收集方法及添加半胱氨酸、肝素钠对黄牛卵母细胞体外成熟及发育的影响

试验旨在研究不同卵母细胞收集方法及添加半胱氨酸、肝素钠对黄牛卵母细胞体外成熟及体外受精的影响。以黄牛为研究对象,采用两种方法（抽卵法和割卵法）抽取卵泡中的卵母细胞,比较两种方法获取的卵母细胞成熟率,结果发现,抽卵法获得的卵母细胞成熟率显著高于割卵法（P<0.05）。将获取的卵母细胞分为4组：A组（对照组,只添加基础成熟培养液）、B组（基础成熟培养液+200 μmol/L半胱氨酸）、C组（基础成熟培养液+20 μg/mL肝素钠）、D组（基础成熟培养液+200 μmol/L半胱氨酸+20 μg/mL肝素钠）,结果发现,D组的卵母细胞成熟率显著高于A、B、C组（P<0.05）,B、C组间卵母细胞成熟率无显著差异（P>0.05）,但两组卵母细胞成熟率均显著高于A组（P<0.05）;A组卵母细胞卵裂率均显著低于B、C、D组（P<0.05）,B、C、D组间卵母细胞卵裂率无显著差异（P>0.05）;D组囊胚率显著高于其他3组（P<0.05）。结果表明,抽卵法获得卵母细胞效率显著高于割卵法,肝素钠及半胱氨酸对黄牛卵母细胞体外成熟和体外受精都有促进作用,且同时添加两种物质对体外成熟的效果更佳。     

没食子酸对黄牛卵母细胞体外成熟的影响

试验旨在研究没食子酸（gallic acid，GA）对黄牛卵母细胞体外成熟及早期胚胎发育的影响，进一步优化黄牛卵母细胞体外成熟体系。在卵母细胞体外成熟液（M液）中添加不同浓度没食子酸（0、10、30、50、100 μmol/L），成熟22~24 h后，统计卵丘扩展情况及卵母细胞成熟率；同时，对成熟的卵母细胞进行正常体外受精（IVF），统计早期胚胎的分裂率、囊胚率、囊胚卵裂球数及卵裂球细胞凋亡率。根据试验结果，选择最优浓度，使卵母细胞在含该浓度没食子酸的成熟液中成熟24 h后，检测其细胞内的活性氧水平（ROS）和总谷胱甘肽（TGSH）含量。结果显示，M液中添加30 μmol/L没食子酸组卵丘扩展分值和成熟率显著高于对照组（0 μmol/L）（P<0.05），其他处理组与对照组无显著差异（P>0.05）；成熟的卵母细胞体外受精后进行后续胚胎培养，其中10和30 μmol/L组的分裂率均显著高于对照组和100 μmol/L组（P<0.05），50和100 μmol/L组分裂率较对照组也有所提高，但差异不显著（P>0.05）；早期囊胚率统计发现，与对照组相比，30和100 μmol/L能够显著提高囊胚发育率（P<0.05），10和50 μmol/L浓度组则无显著差异（P>0.05）；与对照组相比，30、100 μmol/L没食子酸均能显著提高IVF胚胎的早期囊胚卵裂球数（P<0.05）；但囊胚卵裂球凋亡率与对照组无显著差异（P>0.05）；对卵母细胞内活性氧和总谷胱甘肽含量检测时，发现30 μmol/L没食子酸可显著降低细胞内活性氧水平（P<0.05），且显著提高总谷胱甘肽含量（P<0.05）。综上所述，在黄牛卵母细胞体外成熟液中添加适量的没食子酸能有效降低卵母细胞内活性氧水平，提高总谷胱甘肽含量，进而提高卵母细胞成熟的质量及其后续IVF胚胎发育能力。     

不同培养时间对猪卵母细胞透明带蛋白泛素化及其体外授精的影响

通过热溶解-溶解透明带蛋白、SDS-PAGE检测蛋白和Western blot分析透明带蛋白泛素化水平,探讨不同培养时间(34 h、46 h、58 h)对猪卵母细胞透明带蛋白泛素化表达量的影响。结果表明:培养46 h组猪卵母细胞成熟率显著高于34 h组和58 h组,死亡率显著低于34 h组和58 h组;体外授精过程中,培养46 h组猪卵母细胞的卵裂率、4-细胞、囊胚率均显著高于34 h和58 h组,而34 h和58 h组没有显著性差异;培养46 h组猪卵母细胞透明带蛋白泛素化水平显著高于34 h和58 h组,而34 h和58 h组没有显著性差异。结果提示,不同培养时间对猪卵母细胞透明带蛋白泛素化和体外授精有显著影响。     

泛素结合酶抑制剂对猪精子获能状态及精卵结合能力的影响

本研究旨在探究猪精子获能处理对精子蛋白泛素化水平的影响以及添加泛素结合酶(E2)抑制剂NSC697923对精子蛋白泛素化水平和精卵结合能力的影响。实验设6个处理,即空白对照组(未添加任何试剂)、阴性对照组(添加DMSO)和4个NSC697923处理组(5、10、15、20μmol/L NSC697923)。通过Western blotting方法定量分析获能精子的泛素化水平以及抑制泛素化后精子的获能水平;采用Hoechst染色法检测NSC697923处理组精子与成熟卵母细胞共孵育6 h后精子的黏附率。结果表明:猪精子获能后精子蛋白的泛素化水平显著高于鲜精组;NSC697923处理组未能检测到精子获能状态;NSC697923处理组精子黏附率显著低于对照组。综上表明,泛素-蛋白酶体系统是猪精子获能过程必不可少的一环,获能伴随着精子蛋白泛素化水平上调,抑制泛素化后精卵结合能力下降,据此提出把精子蛋白泛素化作为检测精子获能标志的可能性,但仍需要进一步验证。     

LDL对玻璃化冷冻解冻培养MⅡ期猪卵母细胞线粒体膜电位和透明带泛素化水平的影响

本试验旨在探究添加低密度脂蛋白（low density lipoprotein,LDL）对玻璃化冷冻解冻后MⅡ期猪卵母细胞发育率、线粒体膜电位及透明带泛素化水平的影响。采用线粒体膜电位特异性探针JC-1检测各处理组线粒体膜电位,并采用SDS-PAGE及Western blotting方法分析不同处理组MⅡ期猪卵母细胞透明带蛋白泛素化水平。结果显示,玻璃化冷冻法处理中,10 mg/mL LDL处理组MⅡ期卵母细胞正常率和成熟率（71.92%和69.86%）显著高于对照组（58.26%和54.55%）（P<0.05）,最接近未冷冻组。10 mg/mL LDL处理组MⅡ期卵母细胞线粒体膜电位显著高于对照组、1和20 mg/mL LDL组（P<0.05）。免疫印迹结果显示,未冷冻组和LDL处理组MⅡ期卵母细胞ZP1、ZP2及ZP3蛋白分别在61、80、106 ku发生不同程度的泛素化标记;10 mg/mL LDL处理组ZPs（ZP1、ZP2、ZP3）蛋白泛素化水平显著高于1和20 mg/mL LDL组（P<0.05）,但显著低于非冷冻组（P<0.05）。结果表明LDL可改善玻璃化冷冻解冻培养后MⅡ期猪卵母细胞成熟率、线粒体膜电位及透明带泛素化水平。     

α-硫辛酸对猪卵母细胞体外成熟及孤雌胚胎发育的影响

为探究α-硫辛酸（ALA）对猪卵母细胞体外成熟及孤雌胚胎发育的影响，本实验将不同浓度的ALA(0、10、25、50μmol/L)添加至体外成熟培养液（IVM）和胚胎发育培养基（PZM-3）中培养，体外成熟培养42 h后检测卵母细胞第一极体排出率，统计卵母细胞孤雌激活胚胎48 h和168 h卵裂率和囊胚率，筛选出ALA最佳添加浓度，并通过检测成熟卵母细胞内活性氧（ROS）水平、谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量、体外成熟卵母细胞内的促凋亡基因Bax的mRNA以及抗氧化基因SOD1、CAT的mRNA表达量，分析ALA在卵母细胞成熟中的作用。结果表明：与对照组相比，25μmol/L ALA组提高了猪卵母细胞第一极体排出率（P<0.05），随着ALA浓度增加，卵母细胞的第一极体排出率呈下降趋势，50μmol/L ALA组降低了卵母细胞第一极体排出率（P<0.05）；孤雌胚胎发育能力检测显示，25μmol/L ALA组卵母细胞的卵裂率和囊胚率高于对照组（P<0.05）；与对照组相比，25μmol/L ALA孵育组卵母细胞内ROS水平降低（P<0.05），细胞内GSH含量提高（P<...     

蛋白酶抑制剂E-64对猪卵母细胞体外成熟的影响

为了研究猪卵母细胞成熟过程中在成熟液中添加蛋白酶抑制剂E-64对猪卵母细胞体外成熟的影响,试验采用在成熟液中添加不同浓度的E-64进行体外培养44 h后统计成熟率,计算卵母细胞的成熟率,确定最佳浓度为10μmol/L。将10μmol/L组、未添加组的卵母细胞进行固定、染色,鉴定卵母细胞核成熟情况。结果表明:在猪卵母细胞成熟液中添加10μmol/L的E-64,成熟率和核成熟率显著高于未添加组,并能显著提高猪孤雌卵母细胞的分裂率和囊胚发育率。     

活性氧对猪卵母细胞SUMO-1表达及其质量的影响

本研究旨在调查活性氧过氧化氢(hydrogen peroxide,H_2O_2)对猪卵母细胞体外成熟(in vitro maturation,IVM)过程中蛋白质类泛素SUMO-1表达及精-卵结合能力的影响。试验分为0(control)、10、50、75和100μg/mL H_2O_2处理组。利用Western blotting、流式细胞术、实时荧光定量PCR、Hoechst染色等方法检测猪卵母细胞体外成熟、蛋白质类泛素SUMO-1含量、细胞活力、凋亡基因mRNA表达、透明带(zona pellucid,ZP)溶解度和精子-卵母细胞结合的表达。结果表明,75μg/mL H_2O_2组与对照组、10和50μg/mL H_2O_2组比较卵母细胞体外成熟率及细胞活力显著降低;75μg/mL H_2O_2组与其他H_2O_2组相比ZP溶解时间显著延长,并减少了精子黏附在成熟卵母细胞透明带上的数量(P0.05)。在77和18 ku处出现SUMO-1蛋白标记,75μg/mL H_2O_2组与对照组、10和50μg/mL H_2O_2组比较SUMO-1蛋白含量显著降低(P0.05)。75μg/mL H_2O_2与对照组、10和50μg/mL H_2O_2组比较显著下调了Bcl-2基因,而Caspase-3基因表达与对照组和10μg/mL H_2O_2组比较显著升高(P0.05),50μg/mL H_2O_2与对照组和10μg/mL H_2O_2组相比显著上调了Bax基因水平(P0.05)。综上所述,H_2O_2能调控猪卵母细胞体外成熟过程中类泛素化水平以及精-卵结合能力。     

Effects of UCHL1 Inhibition on Porcine Oocyte Matuation in vitro,Zona Pellucida Ubiquitination and Polyspermy

This study was aimed to examine the effects of UCHL1 inhibition on porcine oocyte maturation in vitro, zona pellucida (ZP) ubiquitination and polyspermy. DAPI staining, Hoechst staining and SDS-PAGE methods were used to detect the matuation rate of porcine oocytes in vitro, the level of ubiquitination of zona pellucida (ZP) and polyspermy. The results showed that after different concentrations UCHL1 inhibitor (10, 20, 25 and 30 μmol/L, DMSO and control group) were added into maturation medium for culturing 46 h in vitro, the mature rate of control group was 86.22%, while the maturation rate of 30 μmol/L group was 15.30%, and the maturation rate of every treatment group had significant difference (P<0.05). Western blotting result showed that every group generated ubiquitin markers of ZP were about 61, 80 and 106 ku in different degree. According to the analysis of gray value, the result had significant difference (P<0.05). Conducting fertilization in vitro, the number of sperm adhered on oocyte ZP in control group was the most, the number of sperm running into oocyte was fewer, the number of sperm adhered on oocyte ZP with 30 μmol/L UCHL1 inhibitor was the fewest, and there was almost no sperm running into the oocyte. The results showed that UCHL1 inhibitor had an impact on maturation of porcine oocytes in vitro. With the higher concentration of UCHL1, the lower degree of ZP protein ubiquitinated, UCHL1 could regulate sperm attachment and polyspermy.     

Role of acidification elicited by sialylation and sulfation of zona glycoproteins during oocyte maturation in porcine sperm-zona pellucida interactions

The porcine zona pellucida (ZP) undergoes biochemical changes during the final phase of maturation prior to fertilization. The present study was conducted to elucidate whether the acidification of ZP glycoproteins during porcine oocyte maturation influences sperm-ZP interactions. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis clearly demonstrated that ZP acidification occurred in accordance with the sialylation and sulfation of ZP glycoproteins in oocytes matured for 44 h. The increases in the incidences of sperm penetration and polyspermy with the progress of the IVM culture period were significantly suppressed by ZP desialylation on treatment with neuraminidase as a consequence of reductions in the number of sperm bound to ZPs and the acrosome reaction (AR) in ZP-bound sperm (P<0.05). In contrast, the blocking of ZP sulfation by NaClO(3) treatment during IVM markedly reduced the incidence of polyspermy with no inhibitory effect on penetration, but the number of sperm bound to ZPs and the rate of AR-inducing sperm were decreased to the same level as in desialylated oocytes. The results indicate that ZP sulfation influences sperm-ZP interactions in a ZP sialylation-independent manner. Moreover, sialylation and sulfation were not associated with a protective proteolytic modification of the ZP matrix before fertilization. These findings suggest that ZP acidification elicited by the sialylation and sulfation of ZP glycoproteins during oocyte maturation contributes to the porcine ZP acquiring the capacity to accept sperm.     

Inhibition of PSMD4 alters ZP1 ubiquitination state and sperm–oocyte‐binding ability in pigs

The aim of this study was to determine how the duration of culture affects the ubiquitination of zona pellucida (ZP) proteins (ZP1, ZP2 and ZP3) during porcine oocyte maturation in vitro. We analysed the changes in ZP protein ubiquitination under three conditions: (i) during oocyte maturation from stage GV to MII; (ii) in oocytes cultured for different periods of time; and (iii) in oocytes treated with an antibody against PSMD4. Our results show that ZP1 and ZP2 are ubiquitinated at the GV stage, while ZP1, ZP2 and ZP3 are ubiquitinated at the MII stage, and band intensities for these proteins were significantly different between the GV and MII stages (p < .05). We also found that ubiquitination occurs in ZP1, ZP2 and ZP3 after cultured for 46, 52, 58 and 64 hr, and that the level of ubiquitinated ZP1 was significantly different in oocytes that were cultured for different time periods. Finally, treatment with an antibody against PSMD4 resulted in a significant decrease in ZP1 ubiquitination (p < .05), without affecting ZP2 or ZP3. The number of attached sperms per oocyte was also significantly different between control and anti‐PSMD4‐treated groups. Thus, we concluded that ZP1 and ZP2 are ubiquitinated at the GV stage, and ZP1, ZP2 and ZP3 are ubiquitinated at the MII stage. As the duration of culture increases, the ubiquitination levels of ZP proteins decrease. We also found that PSMD4 improves ZP1 ubiquitination during in vitro culture of porcine oocytes and effectively inhibits sperm–oocyte binding.     

Evaluation of Zona Pellucida Function for Sperm Penetration During In Vitro Fertilization in Pigs

In porcine oocytes, the function of the zona pellucida (ZP) with regard to sperm penetration or prevention of polyspermy is not well understood. In the present study, we investigated the effects of the ZP on sperm penetration during in vitro fertilization (IVF). We collected in vitro-matured oocytes with a first polar body (ZP+ oocytes). Some of them were freed from the ZP (ZP− oocytes) by two treatments (pronase and mechanical pipetting), and the effects of these treatments on sperm penetration parameters (sperm penetration rate and numbers of penetrated sperm per oocyte) were evaluated. There was no evident difference in the parameters between the two groups. Secondly, we compared the sperm penetration parameters of ZP+ and ZP− oocytes using frozen-thawed epididymal spermatozoa from four boars. Sperm penetration into ZP+ oocytes was found to be accelerated relative to ZP− oocytes. Thirdly, we evaluated the sperm penetration of ZP+ and ZP− oocytes at 1−10 h after IVF (3 h gamete co-incubation). The proportions of oocytes penetrated by sperm increased significantly with time in both groups; however, the number of penetrated sperm per oocyte did not increase in ZP− oocytes. Finally, we performed IVF using ZP− oocytes divided into control (3 h) and prolonged gamete co-incubation (5 h) groups. Greater numbers of sperm penetrated in the 5 h group than in the control group. These results suggest that the ZP and oolemma are not competent factors for prevention of polyspermy in our present porcine IVF system. However, it appears that ZP removal is one of the possibilities for reducing polyspermic penetration in vitro in pigs.     

The involvement of N‐glycosylation of zona glycoproteins during meiotic maturation in sperm–zona pellucida interactions of porcine denuded oocytes

The present study was conducted to delineate whether N‐glycosylation of zona pellucida (ZP) glycoproteins occurred during meiotic maturation and whether this N‐glycosylation played a role in sperm–ZP interactions of porcine cumulus denuded oocytes (DOs). After mechanical removal of cumulus cells from cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs), DOs were cultured for 44 h in in vitro maturation (IVM) culture. The experiments were carried out to determine the effects of tunicamycin, a specific N‐glycosylation inhibitor, for various intervals during IVM on sperm–ZP interactions in porcine DOs. The results determined that DOs could induce meiotic maturation, although the maturation rate of DOs was earlier than that of COCs. In addition, N‐glycosylation of ZP glycoproteins occurred during meiotic maturation and was crucial in sperm–ZP interactions, was responsible for sperm penetration, sperm binding to ZP and induction of acrosome reaction in ZP‐bound sperm. However, the inhibition of N‐glycosylation by tunicamycin during IVM did not influence ZP hardness and male pronuclear formation, indicating that this N‐glycosylation was involved in the initial stage of fertilization. We conclude that 24–44 h of N‐glycosylation of ZP glycoproteins during meiotic maturation was crucial in sperm penetration and sperm binding to ZP and the induction of acrosome reaction in sperm bound to ZP of porcine DOs.     

玻璃化冷冻对小鼠卵母细胞透明带的影响

本文旨在通过研究玻璃化冷冻小鼠卵母细胞透明带超微结构、透明带厚度(ZPT)、厚度变量(ZPTV)及双折射分值(ZPB)的影响,分析三者间的相关性,探求玻璃化冷冻液的最佳配方。选用4组应用最广泛的冷冻液配方对小鼠卵母细胞进行处理,与未处理的卵母细胞比较存活率、受精率、卵裂率和囊胚率,选出最适冷冻液配方。以新鲜卵母细胞为对照组,进行冷冻程序但并没有进行实际冷冻的卵母细胞为处理组,进行玻璃化冷冻复苏的卵母细胞为冷冻组,扫描电镜观察各组的透明带超微结构变化;检测3组细胞的ZPT和ZPB,并对ZPT和ZPB、ZPTV和ZPB之间相关性进行分析。结果发现HM+7.5%(DMSO+EG),HM+15%(DMSO+EG)+0.5 mol/L Su冷冻液组对卵母细胞发育潜力影响较小。玻璃化冷冻对ZPT(6.05±0.10μm vs 5.77±0.60μm)和ZPB(0.30±0.38 vs 1.22±0.21)有显著影响(P<0.05),且ZPT与ZPB呈负相关(r=-0.299)(P<0.05)。扫描电镜发现玻璃化冷冻造成卵母细胞透明带呈熔融状,表面凹凸不平,窗孔基本不可见,甚至出现透明带部分脱落的情况;冷冻组透明带超微结构的正常率较对照组和处理组下降,其中粗ZP(44.9%对92.9%和84.8%)(P<0.01)和光滑ZP(31.0%对7.4%和9.1%)(P<0.01)。结果表明,玻璃化冷冻影响卵母细胞的发育潜能,低温对透明带的超微结构有较大的负面影响。     

Roles of the zona pellucida and functional exposure of the sperm‐egg fusion factor ‘IZUMO’ during in vitro fertilization in pigs

The zona pellucida (ZP) is considered to play important roles in the prevention of polyspermy in mammalian oocytes. However, in pigs we have shown that the presence of the ZP accelerates sperm penetration into the ooplasm during in vitro fertilization (IVF). In the present study, we investigated the effects of the ZP on sperm binding, acrosomal status, and functional exposure of IZUMO, a critical factor involved in sperm‐egg fusion, during IVF in pigs. We evaluated the numbers and acrosomal statuses of sperm binding to the ZP and oolemma, and being present in the ZP and perivitelline space (PVS) using ZP‐intact and ZP‐free oocytes. More sperm bound to the ZP than to the oolemma. The average number of sperm present in the PVS was 0.44?0.51 per oocyte, and all sperm had lost their acrosomes. The proportion of sperm that were immunopositive for anti‐IZUMO antibody was significantly higher after they were passing or had passed through the ZP. Furthermore, addition of anti‐IZUMO antibody to the fertilization medium significantly inhibited the penetration of sperm into ZP‐free oocytes. These results suggest that, in pigs, the ZP induces the acrosome reaction, which is associated with the functional exposure of IZUMO, resulting in completion of fertilization.     

Bovine Oocyte Quality in Relation to Ultrastructural Characteristics of Zona Pellucida,Polyspermic Penetration and Developmental Competence

In the present study, the effect of bovine oocyte quality related to ultrastructural characteristics of zona pellucida (ZP), polyspermic penetration and embryo developmental competence was evaluated. Cumulus–oocyte complexes were punctioned from 453 ovaries, classified as 1, 2, 3 and 4 according to their morphological aspect, matured for 24 h and then divided into two groups. In group A, oocytes were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde and 0.1 m sodium cacodylate and examined under a scanning electron microscope. Photomicrographs were taken and ZP’s pores were evaluated in squares of 6.4‐μm width. In group B, oocytes were fertilized in vitro. After 48 h, non‐cleaved oocytes were fixed for polyspermy evaluation. On days 7, 9 and 10, embryos were classified as developed (blastocysts and hatched blastocysts). Results showed that quality 1 oocytes revealed a ZP pore diameter of 0.50 ± 0.07 μm, which was smaller than the observed on oocytes of quality 2 (0.83 ± 0.10 μm), quality 3 (1.02 ± 0.22 μm) and quality 4 (1.38 ± 0.59 μm) (p ≤ 0.05). For In Vitro Fertilization (IVF), results showed that embryos originating from oocytes classed as 3 and 4 had lower cleavage rate (68.4% and 43.8%) than those belonging to class 1 and 2 (79.5% and 69.3%) (p ≤ 0.05). None oocyte classified as 3 and 4 developed to hatch blastocysts, while for oocytes belonging to quality 1 and 2, these values were, respectively, 15.2% and 12.5%. Concerning polyspermy, oocytes class 1 and 2 had lower polyspermic penetration than those belonging to class 3 and 4 (respectively 4.1%, 4.5%, 11.1% and 9.8%, for class 1, 2, 3 and 4). In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that oocytes with low qualities result in lower developmental competence and with high percentage of polyspermy after IVF, which can be the result of the ZP structure such as the number and the pore’s diameter.     

猪卵母细胞在GV期与MⅡ期的冷冻保存效果比较研究

为比较猪卵母细胞在GV期与MⅡ期的冷冻保存效果,试验在这两个成熟阶段对其进行玻璃化冷冻,GV期卵母细胞解冻后培养至成熟,MⅡ期卵母细胞解冻后恢复2 h,然后采用免疫荧光标记、Western blotting和链霉蛋白酶溶解方法分别检测它们的皮质颗粒分布、CD9蛋白表达水平和透明带消化时间上的差异。结果表明,GV期卵母细胞在解冻后2 h的存活率显著低于MⅡ期卵母细胞（P<0.05）,但极体排出率与对照卵母细胞无明显差异（P>0.05）;在冷冻MⅡ期卵母细胞中,皮质颗粒的皮质区分布比例和CD9的蛋白表达水平显著下降（P<0.05）,但冷冻GV期卵母细胞经体外成熟后则无明显变化（P>0.05）;冷冻GV期与MⅡ期卵母细胞均不会影响透明带的消化时间（P>0.05）。由此可见,猪卵母细胞在GV期的冷冻存活率虽然较MⅡ期低,但其体外成熟后极体排出率、皮质颗粒分布和CD9蛋白表达水平均未受到冷冻的影响。