Leptin和ITS对牛卵母细胞体外培养和胚胎生产的影响

利用Leptin和ITS促进体外成熟和体外培养的牛卵母细胞的发育和质量,探讨提高胚胎体外生产的质量和数量的方法和技术。试验1：体外受精胚胎的培养液：添加BSA的KSOM中添加10mL/L浓度的ITS,结果使胚胎的桑椹胚率和囊胚率显著（P〈0.05）高于培养液中不加ITS的对照组（桑椹胚率：43.48%vs29.07%,囊胚率：22.83%vs11.63%）,卵裂率、正常分裂率和8细胞率与对照组差异不显著（P〉0.05）。试验2：在卵母细胞的体外成熟液中添加10μg/L具有生物学活性的重组鸡Leptin成熟肽融合蛋白,Leptin处理组和对照组卵母细胞经体外成熟、受精后转入加有10mL/LITS的KSOM培养液进行体外培养。试验组卵裂率和正常分裂率极显著（P〈0.01）高于对照组（88.96%vs66.81%和61.11%vs29.36%）,8细胞率显著（P〈0.05）高于对照组（84.84%vs69.57%）。Leptin处理的卵母细胞在受精后的桑椹胚率和囊胚率与对照组差异不显著,但最后的囊胚数量较对照组增加1倍多,分别为IVF卵母细胞总数的14.8%和6.4%（P〈0.01）。这说明,添加Leptin对牛卵母细胞体外成熟有促进作用,可显著提高卵母细胞受精后早期胚胎的卵裂率、正常分裂率和8细胞率;加入ITS则能提高桑椹胚率和囊胚率;而Leptin和ITS的按顺序结合使用,则能大大增加体外生产胚胎的桑椹胚和囊胚的数量,从而提高胚胎体外生产的效率。     

外源褪黑素对猪卵母细胞体外成熟及多精受精的影响

本研究旨在探讨褪黑素对猪卵母细胞体外成熟及多精受精的影响。在猪卵母细胞体外成熟培养基中添加1 nmol/L褪黑素或1 nmol/L褪黑素+1 nmol/L Luzindole作为试验组,不添加褪黑素及Luzindole作为对照组,检测卵母细胞核成熟率、多精受精率,并观察体外受精胚胎的发育能力及与多精受精相关的细胞器分布情况。结果表明：各组间卵母细胞核成熟率及体外受精胚胎的卵裂率无显著差异;褪黑素组的猪卵母细胞多精受精发生率较其他2组降低（P<0.05）,囊胚形成率提高（P<0.05）,同时猪卵母细胞皮质颗粒及高尔基体的正常分布情况得到显著改善。结果证明,在猪卵母细胞体外成熟培养液中添加1 nmol/L褪黑素可显著改善卵母细胞成熟质量,抑制多精受精的发生。     

Ghrelin对水牛体外受精和孤雌激活胚胎体外发育的影响

本研究的目的是探讨Ghrelin对水牛体外受精和孤雌激活胚胎体外发育的影响.体外成熟的水牛卵母细胞经体外受精或离子霉素孤雌激活后.分别在舍0,0.5,5,50和500 μg/L Ghrelin的培养液中进行体外培养,观察各组胚胎的卵裂率和囊胚率.结果显示,在培养液中添加不同浓度的Ghrelin对体外受精和孤雌激活胚胎的卵裂率均无显著影响(P>0.05),但添加500 μg/L的Ghrelin显著提高体外受精胚胎的囊胚发育率(33.5% vs 13.7%,P<0.05),50 μg/L或500 μg/L的Ghrelin均显著提高孤雌激活胚胎的囊胚发育率(32.4%和34.6% vs 14.5%,P<0.05).结果表明,培养液中添加Ghrelin对胚胎的早期卵裂没有影响,但可促进水牛体外受精和孤雌激活胚胎囊胚的形成.     

没食子酸对黄牛卵母细胞体外成熟的影响

试验旨在研究没食子酸（gallic acid，GA）对黄牛卵母细胞体外成熟及早期胚胎发育的影响，进一步优化黄牛卵母细胞体外成熟体系。在卵母细胞体外成熟液（M液）中添加不同浓度没食子酸（0、10、30、50、100 μmol/L），成熟22~24 h后，统计卵丘扩展情况及卵母细胞成熟率；同时，对成熟的卵母细胞进行正常体外受精（IVF），统计早期胚胎的分裂率、囊胚率、囊胚卵裂球数及卵裂球细胞凋亡率。根据试验结果，选择最优浓度，使卵母细胞在含该浓度没食子酸的成熟液中成熟24 h后，检测其细胞内的活性氧水平（ROS）和总谷胱甘肽（TGSH）含量。结果显示，M液中添加30 μmol/L没食子酸组卵丘扩展分值和成熟率显著高于对照组（0 μmol/L）（P<0.05），其他处理组与对照组无显著差异（P>0.05）；成熟的卵母细胞体外受精后进行后续胚胎培养，其中10和30 μmol/L组的分裂率均显著高于对照组和100 μmol/L组（P<0.05），50和100 μmol/L组分裂率较对照组也有所提高，但差异不显著（P>0.05）；早期囊胚率统计发现，与对照组相比，30和100 μmol/L能够显著提高囊胚发育率（P<0.05），10和50 μmol/L浓度组则无显著差异（P>0.05）；与对照组相比，30、100 μmol/L没食子酸均能显著提高IVF胚胎的早期囊胚卵裂球数（P<0.05）；但囊胚卵裂球凋亡率与对照组无显著差异（P>0.05）；对卵母细胞内活性氧和总谷胱甘肽含量检测时，发现30 μmol/L没食子酸可显著降低细胞内活性氧水平（P<0.05），且显著提高总谷胱甘肽含量（P<0.05）。综上所述，在黄牛卵母细胞体外成熟液中添加适量的没食子酸能有效降低卵母细胞内活性氧水平，提高总谷胱甘肽含量，进而提高卵母细胞成熟的质量及其后续IVF胚胎发育能力。     

甘草酸单铵盐对猪卵母细胞体外成熟及胚胎发育能力的影响

将收集的猪COCs置于添加不同浓度(0.0,0.3,0.6,1.2μmol/L)甘草酸单铵盐(monoammonium glycyrrhizinate, MAG)的卵母细胞体外成熟培养液中培养46 h,统计成熟率，通过免疫荧光染色检测成熟卵母细胞ROS表达水平；对成熟卵母细胞体外受精，于胚胎培养液内体外培养48,120 h,分别统计体外受精胚胎卵裂率、囊胚率，并用Hochest荧光染色检测囊胚总细胞数；结合成熟率及IVF胚胎发育囊胚率选定最佳添加浓度，在体外成熟培养液中添加最适浓度MAG,以0μmol/L MAG为对照组，体外培养46 h后，利用免疫荧光染色检测猪成熟卵母细胞的线粒体膜电位水平和细胞凋亡水平。结果显示，与对照组相比，不同浓度MAG处理组猪卵母细胞体外成熟率均有所提高，但差异均不显著(P>0.05);不同浓度MAG添加均可降低猪卵母细胞ROS水平，与对照组相比，0.3,0.6μmol/L组差异显著(P<0.05),1.2μmol/L组差异极显著(P<0.01)。0.3μmol/L添加组显著提高了猪体外受精囊胚率(P<0.05),但不同MAG添加组对...     

SIRT1对牦牛卵母细胞体外成熟与老化的影响

旨在探索SIRT1在牦牛卵母细胞体外成熟与老化过程中的作用。本研究在体外成熟液中分别添加SIRT1特异性激动剂SRT2104（SRT组）和特异性抑制剂Inauhzin（INZ组），牦牛卵丘卵母细胞复合体（COCs）体外培养24 h后，观察卵丘细胞的扩展和第一极体的排出情况；利用免疫荧光检测体外培养24与36 h后卵母细胞内的ROS水平；采用实时荧光定量PCR法检测体外培养24与36 h后卵母细胞内SIRT1、FOXO3a、SOD2以及Bax的表达水平；体外培养24与36 h后的牦牛卵母细胞进行体外受精，观察并统计其卵裂率与囊胚形成率。结果显示，体外培养24 h，SRT组的卵丘细胞扩展程度显著高于对照组（P<0.05），而INZ组的卵丘细胞扩展程度和第一极体排出率显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。随着体外培养时间的增加，卵母细胞内的ROS水平显著增加（P<0.05）；添加SRT2104能显著抑制卵母细胞中ROS水平的积累（P<0.05），而添加Inauhzin则显著上调卵母细胞内的ROS水平（P<0.05）。体外培养24 h后，SRT组SIRT1、FOXO3a与SOD2的表达水平显著高于对照组（P < 0.05），但Bax的表达水平显著降低（P<0.05）；INZ组的SIRT1、FOXO3a与SOD2表达均显著低于对照组（P<0.05），但Bax的表达水平显著上调（P<0.05）。牦牛卵母细胞体外培养24 h后，SRT组的卵裂率与囊胚形成率显著高于INZ组和对照组（P<0.05）；卵母细胞体外培养36 h后，INZ组的卵裂率和囊胚形成率显著低于其他组（P<0.05）。综上表明，SIRT1参与了牦牛卵母细胞的体外成熟，在体外培养液中适当添加SIRT1激动剂，有利于卵母细胞体外成熟及缓解老化，同时改善早期胚胎的发育能力。     

没食子酸对黄牛卵母细胞体外成熟的影响

试验旨在研究没食子酸(gallic acid,GA)对黄牛卵母细胞体外成熟及早期胚胎发育的影响,进一步优化黄牛卵母细胞体外成熟体系。在卵母细胞体外成熟液(M液)中添加不同浓度没食子酸(0、10、30、50、100μmol/L),成熟22~24h后,统计卵丘扩展情况及卵母细胞成熟率;同时,对成熟的卵母细胞进行正常体外受精(IVF),统计早期胚胎的分裂率、囊胚率、囊胚卵裂球数及卵裂球细胞凋亡率。根据试验结果,选择最优浓度,使卵母细胞在含该浓度没食子酸的成熟液中成熟24h后,检测其细胞内的活性氧水平(ROS)和总谷胱甘肽(TGSH)含量。结果显示,M液中添加30μmol/L没食子酸组卵丘扩展分值和成熟率显著高于对照组(0μmol/L)(P0.05),其他处理组与对照组无显著差异(P0.05);成熟的卵母细胞体外受精后进行后续胚胎培养,其中10和30μmol/L组的分裂率均显著高于对照组和100μmol/L组(P0.05),50和100μmol/L组分裂率较对照组也有所提高,但差异不显著(P0.05);早期囊胚率统计发现,与对照组相比,30和100μmol/L能够显著提高囊胚发育率(P0.05),10和50μmol/L浓度组则无显著差异(P0.05);与对照组相比,30、100μmol/L没食子酸均能显著提高IVF胚胎的早期囊胚卵裂球数(P0.05);但囊胚卵裂球凋亡率与对照组无显著差异(P0.05);对卵母细胞内活性氧和总谷胱甘肽含量检测时,发现30μmol/L没食子酸可显著降低细胞内活性氧水平(P0.05),且显著提高总谷胱甘肽含量(P0.05)。综上所述,在黄牛卵母细胞体外成熟液中添加适量的没食子酸能有效降低卵母细胞内活性氧水平,提高总谷胱甘肽含量,进而提高卵母细胞成熟的质量及其后续IVF胚胎发育能力。     

牛体外胚胎高效生产技术优化研究

为了探讨小卵泡液、放线菌酮(CHX)对卵母细胞预成熟、囊胚滋养层细胞囊泡(TVS来源于体外受精培养14 d的滋养层细胞)、维生素对牛体外胚胎质量的影响。在B超仪下进行牛活体取卵(OPU),从牛活体卵巢采集卵母细胞,进行体外成熟、体外受精、早期胚胎体外培养。结果表明:10%小卵泡液及8%CHX的卵母细胞预成熟4 h组显著优于对照组;在体外受精及早期胚胎培养液CR1aa中添加10μg/m L维生素C组与TVS共培养组的卵裂率和囊胚发育率均高于其他试验组(P0.05);体外胚胎与TVS共移植受胎率显著高于对照组(P0.05)。说明活体采集的卵母细胞经体外预成熟处理,可以达到核质同期化的目的,早期胚胎的培育过程中加入TVS、抗氧化剂等可以克服早期胚胎的发育阻滞,提高体外胚胎的囊胚发育率。     

维生素A对牦牛卵母细胞体外成熟及后续胚胎发育能力的影响

【目的】探究维生素A对牦牛卵母细胞体外成熟及后续胚胎发育能力的影响。【方法】以牦牛卵母细胞为研究对象，在其体外成熟培养液中分别添加0（对照组）、2、5、10和20 μmol/L维生素A，体外培养24 h统计第一极体排出率；对成熟后各组卵母细胞进行孤雌激活，在孤雌激活胚胎培养的第2和8天分别统计卵裂率和囊胚率；用实时荧光定量PCR检测各组MⅡ期卵母细胞中维生素A调控卵母细胞成熟典型信号通路中的节点基因RARα、RARβ、RARγ、RXRα、RXRβ、RXRγ、STRA8及非典型信号通路中的节点基因MEK和ERK1的相对表达量，筛选最佳维生素A处理浓度。在体外成熟培养液中添加最佳浓度维生素A，成熟6和24 h分别收集MⅠ和MⅡ期卵母细胞，将部分MⅡ期卵母细胞进行孤雌激活，收集激活8 d的囊胚，用实时荧光定量PCR检测GV、MⅠ和MⅡ期卵母细胞及孤雌激活囊胚中RARα、RXRα、STRA8基因的相对表达量。【结果】与对照组相比，2、5和10 μmol/L维生素A组第一极体排出率和卵裂率均显著提高（P<0.05），且2 μmol/L维生素A组均达到最高；2 μmol/L维生素A组囊胚率显著提高（P<0.05），20 μmol/L维生素A组第一极体排出率、卵裂率和囊胚率均显著降低（P<0.05）。实时荧光定量PCR结果表明，与对照组相比，2、5、10和20 μmol/L维生素A组RARα、RXRα和STRA8基因的相对表达量均显著增加（P<0.05），其中2 μmol/L维生素A组均达到最高，因此2 μmol/L维生素A对牦牛卵母细胞体外成熟的效果最好。与GV期卵母细胞相比，STRA8、RXRα、RARα基因的相对表达量在MⅡ期卵母细胞均极显著增加（P<0.01），在MⅠ及囊胚期差异均不显著（P>0.05）。【结论】在体外成熟过程中，添加2 μmol/L维生素A可以促进牦牛卵母细胞的成熟，能够显著提高孤雌激活胚胎的卵裂率，且维生素A主要通过典型信号通路调控牦牛卵母细胞的成熟。     

藏红花素对小鼠卵母细胞体外成熟能力的影响

试验旨在探讨藏红花素（crocin）的抗氧化应激作用对小鼠卵母细胞体外成熟及后续胚胎发育能力的影响。在体外成熟（IVM）培养液中添加不同浓度藏红花素（0、5、10、15、20、25、30 μmol/L），小鼠卵母细胞在体外成熟培养12 h后，检测卵母细胞第一极排出情况、卵母细胞胞质内活性氧（ROS）和谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量，并进行体外受精（IVF）；体外受精后6 h统计受精率，24 h统计卵裂率，96 h统计囊胚率。结果显示，与对照组相比，10、15 μmol/L藏红花素显著提高了卵母细胞第一极体排出率（P<0.05）；当藏红花素浓度继续增加时，卵母细胞的第一极体排出率下降，30 μmol/L藏红花素显著降低了卵母细胞第一极体排出率（P<0.05）；5、10、15 μmol/L藏红花素均显著降低了卵母细胞ROS含量（P<0.05），10、15 μmol/L藏红花素均显著提高了卵母细胞GSH含量（P<0.05）。与对照组相比，10 μmol/L藏红花素组受精率、卵裂率、囊胚率差异均不显著（P>0.05），15、20、25、30 μmol/L藏红花素均显著降低受精率和囊胚率（P<0.05），对卵裂率影响不显著（P>0.05）。结果表明，在小鼠卵母细胞体外成熟培养液中添加10 μmol/L藏红花素可以显著增加第一极体排出率，显著降低卵母细胞ROS含量、提高卵母细胞GSH含量，但对受精后的胚胎发育无显著影响。     

Effect of Sugar on in vitro Maturation and Developmental Competence of Yak Oocytes

This study was designed to investigate the effect of different types and different concentrations of sugar on in vitro maturation(IVM) and developmental competence of yak oocytes, for being further research and optimization culture system of yak oocytes for efficient maturity yak oocytes and productivity of embryos. Immature yak oocytes were matured in vitro on culture medium with different concentrations (0,5 and 10 mmol/L) of glucose and sucrose in incubator for 24 h or 2 h pretreament with sugar and 22 h without sugar. Subsequently, then the maturation of oocytes,the cleavage rates and blastocyst formation rates after in vitro fertilization(IVF) were evaluated. The results showed that a medium with 5 and 10 mmol/L glucose IVM could significantly increase the yak oocytes maturation and cleavage (P<0.05), and the highest blastocyst formation rates in 10 mmol/L glucose group was significantly higher than 0 mmol/L glucose (P<0.05).10 mmol/L sucrose could increase significantly the nucleus maturation rates (P<0.05),and there was no significant difference of the blastocyst formation rates after IVF between 0 and 10 mmol/L sucrose (P>0.05). Furthermore, the nucleus maturation rates,IVF cleavage rates and blastocyst formation rates of yak oocytes which pretreated with 10 mmol/L glucose were the highest in these groups, and were higher than 0 mmol/L glucose (P<0.05). It manifested that the appropriate concentration of sugar could improve the quality of yak oocytes and embryos in vitro developmental competence, so it influenced in vitro development of yak oocytes indirectly.     

输卵管和颗粒细胞单层对牛体外受精胚胎发育的影响

以屠宰场牛卵巢为试验材料,研究输卵管细胞单层(OCM)和颗粒细胞单层(GCM)对牛卵母细胞体外成熟(IVM)、体外受精(IVF)和体外培养(IVC)后胚胎发育能力的影响。(1)从卵泡抽取卵丘卵母细胞复合体(COCs),并根据卵母细胞外面卵丘细胞的层数将其分为3类:1级(≥4层);2级(2～3层);3级(0～1层)。作分别在IVM和IVC培养液中添加GCM(1×106个/mL)与不添加的对比试验。结果显示:添加GCM对1级卵母细胞的卵裂率、6～8细胞发育率和囊胚率无明显影响(P>0.05);但添加GCM的2级、3级卵母细胞,受精后的卵裂率、6～8细胞发育率和囊胚率分别高于未添加组(P<0.05)。(2)所有卵母细胞(包括COCs和裸卵)被随机分为3个组,在其IVM和IVC培养液中分别添加OCM、GCM或不添加体细胞(对照组)。结果显示:OCM和GCM组的卵裂率、6～8细胞发育率和囊胚率均高于对照组(P<0.05),而两试验组之间差异不显著。     

Cryopreservation of immature buffalo oocytes: Effects of cytochalasin B pretreatment on the efficiency of cryotop and solid surface vitrification methods

The aim of the present study was to compare the efficiency of the solid surface (SSV), cryotop (CT) vitrification methods and cytochalasin B (CB) pretreatment for cryopreservation of immature buffalo oocytes. Cumulus‐oocyte complexes (COCs) were placed for 1 min in TCM199 containing 10% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), 10% ethylene glycol (EG), and 20% fetal bovine serum, and then transferred for 30 s to base medium containing 20% DMSO, 20% EG and 0.5 mol/L sucrose. CB pretreated ((+)CB) or non‐pretreated ((?)CB) COCs were vitrified either by SSV or CT. Surviving vitrified COCs were selected for in vitro maturation (IVM) and in vitro fertilization (IVF). The rate of viable oocytes after vitrification in CT groups (82%) was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than that in a fresh control group (100%), but significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those in SSV groups (71–72%). Among vitrified groups, the highest maturation rate was obtained in the CT (?)CB group (32%). After IVF, the cleavage and blastocyst formation rates were similar among vitrified groups but significantly lower than those of the control group. In conclusion, a higher survival rate of oocytes after vitrification and IVM was obtained in the CT group compared with that in the SSV group, indicating the superiority of the CT method. Pretreatment with CB did not increase the viability, maturation or embryo development of vitrified oocytes.     

高浓度葡萄糖对猪卵母细胞体外成熟和早期胚胎发育的影响

试验旨在探究高浓度葡萄糖对猪卵母细胞体外成熟及早期胚胎发育能力的影响。取体外分离处于生发泡期的猪卵丘卵母细胞复合体(COCs),分为3个处理组。分别用含葡萄糖浓度为5.6 mmol/L(C组)、10 mmol/L(G-1组)、15 mmol/L(G-2组)的培养液,进行体外成熟(IVM)处理,42 h后观察,并统计卵丘细胞扩散情况和第一极体排出率;对体外成熟42 h后的卵母细胞孤雌激活,统计2-细胞、4-细胞和第7天囊胚发育。结果发现,G-1组和G-2组卵丘细胞扩散度显著低于C组(P<0.05);G-1组和G-2组的MII期卵母细胞死亡率和存活率与C组相比无显著差异(P>0.05),但G-1组极体率显著降低(P<0.05),G-2组极体率极显著低于C组(P<0.01)。孤雌激活后,与C组相比,G-1组和G-2组的2-细胞分裂率显著降低(P<0.05),4-细胞分裂率以及囊胚发育率均极显著降低(P<0.01),但G-1、G-2组囊胚细胞数量与C组相比无显著性差异(P>0.05)。进一步线粒体染色发现,G-1组和G-2组的线粒体与C组相比分布不均。与C组相比,荧光结果显示G-1组和G-2组不仅活性氧(ROS)水平极显著升高(P<0.01),而且G-1组与G-2组谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量显著降低(P<0.05),虽然G-1组丙二醛(MDA)无显著性差异(P>0.05),但G-2组丙二醛(MDA)含量显著升高(P<0.05)。研究结果表明,葡萄糖浓度高会影响猪卵母细胞线粒体分布,氧化应激水平升高,成熟效率降低,损害早期胚胎的发育潜能。     

Defined system for in vitro production of porcine embryos using a single basic medium

We have previously indicated that porcine blastocysts can be produced by in vitro fertilization (IVF) and culture (IVC) in chemically defined porcine gamete medium (PGM) and porcine zygote medium (PZM)-5, respectively, In the present study, the effects of basic media and macromolecular components on in vitro maturation (IVM) were investigated to develop a defined system for in vitro embryo production using a single basic medium through IVM, IVF and IVC. Porcine immature oocytes were matured in porcine oocyte medium (POM) or modified North Carolina State University (mNCSU) 37, which were supplemented with either 10% (v/v) porcine follicular fluid (pFF) or 3 mg/ml polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a macromolecular component (designated POM+pFF, POM+PVA, mNCSU37+pFF and mNCSU37+PVA). In the maturation with mNCSU37+PVA, the percentages of oocytes that reached the metaphase II stages were significantly lower than those in the other treatments. Following IVM with the above media, oocytes were treated with an electrical stimulus and cycloheximide for parthenogenetic activation and were cultured in PZM-5 for 5 days. The rates of cleavage and blastocyst formation of parthenogenetic oocytes were significantly lowered for maturation with mNCSU37+PVA compared with the other treatments, while there were no significant differences in the total numbers of cells in blastocysts among the treatments. Following IVF and IVC, the rates of penetration, male pronucleus formation, cleavage and blastocyst formation were significantly lower when oocytes were matured in mNCSU37+PVA than in other maturation media. The normal fertilization rate was significantly higher in POM+PVA compared with the other treatments, although the total number of cells in blastocysts was reduced with the addition of PVA to both POM and mNCSU37 compared with pFF supplementation. These results demonstrate that porcine blastocysts can be produced by the defined system using a single basic medium.     

Oxygen tension and medium supplements for in vitro maturation of bovine oocytes cultured individually in a chemically defined medium

The effects of adding cysteamine, EGF, and glucose as an energy substrate under low oxygen tension during in vitro maturation (IVM) were examined to find ways of improving the individual in vitro production (IVP) system in individually cultured bovine oocytes. The basic medium was mSOFaa containing 1 mg/ml polyvinyl alcohol. Immature oocytes were individually cultured in an IVM medium with 10 ng/ml EGF, 100 microM cysteamine, or EGF plus cysteamine under 20% or 5% O(2). Cleavage and blastocyst rates were significantly higher (P<0.05) in IVM culture was under 20% O(2) than in culture under 5% O(2). Under 5% O(2), neither EGF nor cysteamine improved embryonic development. The proportion of matured oocytes was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the presence of 1.5 mM glucose under 20% O(2) (68.6%), and 5.5 mM (66.7%) and 10 mM (65.5%) glucose under 5% O(2). The presence of 5.5 mM glucose significantly (P<0.05) increased the maturation rate compared with the absence of glucose, irrespective of addition of EGF and cysteamine. The addition of cysteamine alone in the maturation medium significantly (P<0.05) increased the intracellular GSH concentration in the oocytes. Also, under 5% O(2) cysteamine and/or EGF significantly (P<0.05) improved the proportions of penetrated oocytes, cleavage and blastocyst formation, which were similar levels to those of oocytes matured under 20% O(2). After vitrification, the re-expanding and hatching rates of blastocysts derived from the individual IVP system containing cysteamine under 5% O(2) were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of blastocysts derived from the individual IVP system without cysteamine under 5% O(2) and the group IVP system under 20% O(2). The present study showed that a high glucose level (5.5 or 10 mM) was optimal in IVM culture under low (5%) oxygen tension. The addition of EGF and/or cysteamine to the maturation medium had no positive effect on nuclear maturation, but improved fertilizability, developmental competence and cryoresistance following vitrification, probably due to increased GSH synthesis during the IVM process.     

不同品种牛卵泡液对水牛卵母细胞体外受精效果的影响

试验利用水牛卵泡液(BuFF)和黄牛卵泡液(BoFF)对不同来源水牛卵母细胞体外受精效果的影响进行了探讨,以完善水牛体外受精培养系统,进一步提高水牛胚胎体外生产效率。试验按成熟培养液中添加卵泡液替代胎牛血清量共分4个组。不添加卵泡液(0%+10%胎牛血清)为Ⅰ组(对照组);添加5%卵泡液+5%胎牛血清为Ⅱ组;添加10%卵泡液+0%胎牛血清为Ⅲ组;添加15%卵泡液+0%胎牛血清为Ⅳ组。结果表明,添加BuFF对活体采集卵母细胞和屠宰场收集卵母细胞的体外受精卵分裂率无显著影响(P0.05),但添加5%和10%BuFF对卵母细胞体外受精后的胚胎发育有明显促进作用,囊胚率均极显著高于对照组和15%BuFF组(P0.01),5%和10%BuFF组间无显著差异(P0.05);添加15%BuFF囊胚率有降低的趋势,但与对照组相比差异不显著(P0.05)。而添加10%BoFF组活体采集卵母细胞体外受精的受精卵分裂率和囊胚率均极显著高于对照组和5%BoFF组(P0.01),添加5%BoFF组的受精卵分裂率和囊胚率与对照组无显著差异(P0.05);添加BoFF对屠宰场收集水牛卵母细胞体外受精卵分裂率无显著差异(P0.05),但添加5%和10%BoFF组的囊胚率均显著高于对照组和15%组(P0.05),添加15%BoFF组与对照组相比,囊胚率显著降低(P0.05),5%和10%BoFF组间囊胚率无显著差异(P0.05)。综合以上结果,在水牛卵母细胞成熟培养液中添加5%～10%的BuFF或BoFF代替牛血清,可明显提高水牛体外胚胎生产效率,且以添加同种的BuFF效果略好。