外源肌苷酸对种鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质及种蛋孵化性能的影响

本试验通过在种鸡的基础饲粮中加入肌苷酸（IMP）来研究其对种鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质和种蛋孵化性能的影响。选择遗传背景相同、体重相近,产蛋率达到5%的20周龄健康AA种鸡864羽,随机分为2组（对照组饲喂基础饲粮;试验组饲喂基础饲粮＋0.5%肌苷酸）,每组6个重复,每个重复72羽,试验期30 d。测定试验期间所有种蛋的平均蛋重、产蛋率和合格蛋率;每组随机选取部分种蛋进行蛋品质测定;于孵化开始第17天,通过照蛋处理统计种蛋受精率,第21天出雏时,计算受精蛋孵化率、入孵蛋孵化率和健雏率。试验结果表明：与对照组相比,试验组种鸡的平均蛋重、产蛋率和合格蛋率均有升高的趋势,但差异不显著（P>0.05）;蛋形指数显著升高（P<0.05）,蛋壳强度、蛋壳厚度和蛋黄颜色显著降低（P<0.05）;受精率、受精蛋孵化率和入孵蛋孵化率显著升高（P<0.05）,健雏率和雏鸡体重有升高的趋势,但差异不显著（P>0.05）。综上,0.5%外源肌苷酸对种鸡的产蛋性能和种蛋孵化性能均有促进作用。     

外源肌苷酸对种鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质及种蛋孵化性能的影响

本试验通过在种鸡的基础饲粮中加入肌苷酸(IMP)来研究其对种鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质和种蛋孵化性能的影响。选择遗传背景相同、体重相近,产蛋率达到5%的20周龄健康AA种鸡864羽,随机分为2组(对照组饲喂基础饲粮;试验组饲喂基础饲粮+0.5%肌苷酸),每组6个重复,每个重复72羽,试验期30 d。测定试验期间所有种蛋的平均蛋重、产蛋率和合格蛋率;每组随机选取部分种蛋进行蛋品质测定;于孵化开始第17天,通过照蛋处理统计种蛋受精率,第21天出雏时,计算受精蛋孵化率、入孵蛋孵化率和健雏率。试验结果表明:与对照组相比,试验组种鸡的平均蛋重、产蛋率和合格蛋率均有升高的趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05);蛋形指数显著升高(P<0.05),蛋壳强度、蛋壳厚度和蛋黄颜色显著降低(P<0.05);受精率、受精蛋孵化率和入孵蛋孵化率显著升高(P<0.05),健雏率和雏鸡体重有升高的趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。综上,0.5%外源肌苷酸对种鸡的产蛋性能和种蛋孵化性能均有促进作用。     

江西3个地方鸡种蛋品质比较分析

为探究江西3个地方鸡种鸡蛋蛋品质差异,本试验选取江西3个地方鸡种宁都黄鸡、万载康乐黄鸡与东乡绿壳蛋鸡各30枚10项常规蛋品质指标进行测定并比较分析。结果表明：东乡绿壳蛋鸡与康乐黄鸡蛋质量差异显著（P<0.05）;康乐黄鸡与东乡绿壳蛋鸡蛋壳强度和蛋黄重差异显著（P<0.05）,康乐黄鸡与宁都黄鸡之间蛋壳厚度和蛋黄高度差异显著（P<0.05）;通过主成分分析,结果表明绿壳蛋鸡蛋品质的选育中以蛋质量、蛋黄重、蛋白高度和哈氏单位为主,并兼顾蛋壳重、蛋壳强度和蛋壳厚度可取得较好的选育效果。     

受精蛋和无精蛋、死胚及正常发育胚的种蛋品质差异研究

通过对3批共1 626个海兰褐父母代种蛋进行试验,分析受精蛋和无精蛋、死胚及正常发育胚的种蛋品质差异,探讨种蛋品质对种蛋失重、死亡规律及孵化率的影响.结果表明:①在孵化期间出现2个死亡高峰时段,即第0～7天和第14～21天.②孵化期间第0～7天失重率与蛋壳的大、小端气孔数呈正相关;3个阶段的种蛋失重率相互之间有极显著的正相关,且出壳重与失重率有极显著的负相关.③孵化第0～7天死胚的种蛋(死精蛋)壳厚显著低于正常发育胚蛋,蛋壳两端气孔数少于正常发育胚蛋.④孵化第8～21天死胚种蛋蛋重显著高于群体平均蛋重,两端气孔数均多于正常发育胚蛋,蛋形指数小于正常发育胚蛋.⑤雏鸡出壳重与入孵蛋重有极显著正相关,与气孔数、蛋形指数、壳厚均无相关性.⑥受精蛋与无精蛋相比,入孵蛋重略大于无精蛋,壳厚显著地小于无精蛋,大、小端气孔数分别显著或不显著地多于无精蛋.     

黄羽绿壳蛋鸡和京海黄鸡杂交F1代性能测定

为了研究黄羽绿壳蛋鸡和京海黄鸡杂交F1代(杂交鸡)的主要产蛋性状,如开产日龄、绿壳蛋比率等,以培育更优质的绿壳蛋鸡,试验选用162日龄杂交鸡367只,每周日随机选取30枚绿壳鸡蛋和30只杂交鸡进行称重。试验期间仔细观察并统计上笼成活率、开产日龄、绿壳蛋比率等指标。结果表明:杂交鸡上笼成活率为99.18%,平均开产日龄为139.60 d,绿壳蛋比率达到78.70%。说明杂交鸡开产日龄相对于绿壳蛋鸡有所提高,但绿壳蛋比率还需要提高。     

开产、老龄鸭蛋的孵化操作技术

新开产蛋蛋壳厚、色深、胶护膜厚、蛋白稠、种蛋失水困难。这一阶段孵化特征是,早期死亡率高,雏苗质量差,有时晚期死胚率高,啄壳死胚率高。老龄蛋蛋白胶状特性差,蛋壳薄,如果贮存期过长,那么种蛋在孵化前期很容易失水,造成早期死胚率上升。老龄蛋相对而言表面积较小,如产出后马     

现代遗传育种学理论在卢氏鸡绿壳蛋品系选育中的应用

笔者应用现代家畜遗传育种学理论来指导选育卢氏鸡绿壳蛋品系,对卢氏鸡群体中的3.6%个体产绿壳蛋的遗传性状进行提纯选育,培育出卢氏绿壳蛋鸡纯系。经研究,卢氏绿壳蛋鸡对微量元素,特别是硒元素有富集作用。卢氏鸡绿壳蛋蛋壳厚而致密,耐贮藏、易运输,炎热夏季可贮藏在阴凉通风环境中2月而不腐。经0世代~4世代选育,卢氏鸡绿壳品系群体产绿壳蛋比例已达95%以上。又经十多个世代的不懈选育,卢氏鸡绿壳蛋品系蛋壳色泽基本一致,体型外貌更趋统一,生产性能得到大幅提高,成为独立于蛋鸡生产白壳、褐壳体系之外的一个新品系——卢氏鸡绿壳蛋品系。     

籽鹅种蛋蛋重与蛋形指数对孵化效果影响的研究

本试验旨在研究不同水平蛋重与蛋形指数对籽鹅种蛋孵化效果的影响,进而总结出种蛋筛选的最佳方案,为籽鹅个体、家系种蛋的选留及籽鹅的繁衍、孵化、生产提供科学参考。选取二年籽鹅种蛋2 469枚,蛋重为94.8~154.4 g,平均蛋重（123.3±9.5）g;蛋形指数为1.24~1.63,平均蛋形指数1.45±0.05。采用2因素4水平试验设计,将所有种蛋按蛋重与蛋形指数分成16个孵化组（蛋重与蛋形指数分别分为4个水平）,测量每枚种蛋蛋重与蛋形指数,并在蛋壳上做好编号,在相同孵化条件、同一孵化设备中进行两次孵化试验。结果表明,①蛋重<118.0 g组种蛋受精率最高,>131.9 g组次之;>131.9 g组种蛋受精蛋孵化率最高,125.0~131.9 g组次之,且受精蛋孵化率随着蛋重增大升高;125.0~131.9 g组种蛋孵化健雏率最高,>131.9 g组次之;>131.9 g组种蛋孵出鹅雏出生重最大。②蛋形指数在1.47~1.51组种蛋受精率及种蛋孵化健雏率最高,>1.51组次之;1.47~1.51组种蛋受精蛋孵化率最高,1.42~1.46组次之。分析以上结果可得出：籽鹅种蛋蛋重对种蛋受精率、受精蛋孵化率、健雏率、鹅雏出生重有显著影响（P<0.05）,以籽鹅蛋重在125.0~154.4 g为宜;蛋形指数对种蛋受精率、受精蛋孵化率、健雏率亦有显著影响（P<0.05）,对种蛋孵出鹅雏出生重无影响（P>0.05）,以蛋形指数在1.47~1.51为宜。籽鹅种蛋蛋重与蛋形指数对受精率、受精蛋孵化率、健雏率、鹅雏出生重的影响均存在交互作用。其中,蛋形指数对种蛋孵化健雏率的影响较蛋重强,其作为单一因素对鹅雏出生重无影响。以上结果表明,以蛋重或蛋形指数任一因素作为种蛋筛选的依据都不科学,应综合考虑以达到种蛋优选的目的。     

新杨绿壳蛋鸡和白来航鸡快慢羽品系产蛋性能比较

本试验就新杨绿壳蛋鸡、白来航鸡快羽和慢羽品系的部分产蛋性能进行比较研究。结果表明:白来航鸡快羽品系的25~45周龄总产蛋数、49周龄蛋重、母鸡体重和蛋壳颜色均显著高于新杨绿壳蛋鸡(P0.01),且优于白来航慢羽品系的同类性状;25~45周龄总产蛋数与49周龄蛋重、母鸡体重和蛋壳颜色呈极显著正相关(P0.01);49周龄蛋重与体重和蛋壳颜色呈极显著正相关(P0.01);49周龄母鸡体重和蛋壳颜色呈极显著正相关(P0.01)。总体来看,白来航鸡快羽和慢羽品系的性状变异系数小于新杨绿壳蛋鸡,其变异系数均小于10%。新杨绿壳蛋鸡的性状变异系数稳定性差,平均变异系数超过10%,仅蛋重和蛋壳颜色的变异系数略低于10%,这说明在规模化生产时,新杨绿壳蛋鸡的选育还有待加强,从而使产蛋性状更加稳定。     

蛋重、蛋形和蛋色对北京油鸡种蛋孵化性能的影响

研究测定了44~48周龄北京油鸡的蛋重、蛋形指数和蛋壳颜色,并分析其对种蛋孵化性能的影响。结果显示,北京油鸡蛋重、蛋形指数和蛋色均较一致;蛋重对孵化性能影响不显著(P0.05),但是随着蛋重的增加孵化性能有增加的趋势;蛋形指数对受精蛋孵化率的影响显著(P0.05),蛋形指数0.75~0.80的种蛋组显著高于其他组;蛋壳颜色对北京油鸡的受精率、受精蛋孵化率和健雏率均无影响(P0.05)。本研究结果为北京油鸡的选种提供了重要的参考依据。     

The Productive Performance and the Correlation Analysis Between Hatchability and Egg Quality in Jiangxi Green-eggshell Layers

The purpose of this study was to provide the reference to Jiangxi Green-eggshell breeding through the analysis of laying performance, hatchability and egg quality in the first generation of Jiangxi Green-eggshell layers at 300-days old. 306 Jiangxi Green-eggshell layers and 80 eggs were selected to determine the laying performance, hatchability and egg quality among families, and the correlation between the hatchability and egg quality were analyzed also. The results were as fellows:The average body weight of these hens was 1 596.99 g, the average egg weight was 50.57 g, the average egg-laying number was 14.53, the average fertility rate was 93.69%, the average dead fertile egg rate was 5.55%, the average healthy chick rate was 84.3%, the average dead embryo egg rate was 13.9%, the average egg shape index was 1.28, the average Haugh unit was 71.77, and the average eggshell strength was 4.44 kg/cm². The healthy chick rate and the egg weight had significant correlation,as well as the eggshell color and the egg shape index (P < 0.05). The healthy chick rate had extremely significantly correlation with the dead fertile egg rate(P < 0.01), as well as the eggshell strength and the eggshell thickness (P < 0.01). Generally, the first generation of Jiangxi Green-eggshell layers had good egg quality, higher laying performance and hatchability, but they still need to be further selected.     

Comparison of hatchability and some egg quality characteristics in spotted and unspotted partridge (Alectoris chukar) eggs

The current research was conducted to determine the comparison of hatchability and some egg quality characteristics in spotted and unspotted partridge (Alectoris chukar) eggs. The research was carried out on 51 male and 102 female chukar partridges (Alectoris chukar) aged 50 wk, which were raised at the Research and Application Farm of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Selcuk University. In total, 244 spotted and 261 unspotted eggs were used in the research. The hatching eggs were stored at 75% RH and 13°C for 14 d. Thirty spotted and 30 unspotted eggs laid on the same day were used for the evaluation of egg quality characteristics. Egg weight, chick weight, egg weight loss during the hatching period, shape index, hatchability, and some egg quality characteristics were evaluated at the end of the research. Spotted eggs exhibited a higher fertility and hatchability, as well as a lower percentage egg weight loss and embryonic mortality when compared with unspotted eggs. No significant differences were observed between spotted and unspotted eggs for egg weight, chick weight, shape index, specific gravity, albumen height, Haugh unit, yolk color green-red chromaticity (a*), albumen pH, and yolk pH. Spotted eggs had higher eggshell color a*, eggshell color blue-yellow chromaticity (b*), and eggshell strength, as well as a lower eggshell color light-dark chromaticity (L*), yolk color L*, and yolk color b* scores when compared with unspotted eggs. It was demonstrated that spots on the eggshells of chukar partridges (Alectoris chukar) improved their hatchability by affecting various quality characteristics of their eggs. It was concluded that spotted eggs are more suitable for hatching.     

Ultrastructural analysis of the eggshell: contribution of the individual calcified layers and the cuticle to hatchability and egg viability in broiler breeders

1. Scanning electron microscopy was used to assess the relationship between the layers of the eggshell and egg viability. The relative thickness (absolute and %) of the mammillary, palisade, vertical crystal and cuticle layers relative to the total eggshell were measured over a 30-week laying period in 2 broiler breeder lines having different hatchability rates. 2. A significant difference in hatchability of 5.5% between the breeder lines was observed. However, there was no significant difference in either egg viability or fertility between lines. 3. The relative thickness of the individual calcified layers and the cuticle did not differ between lines. Therefore, variations in the thickness of the individual eggshell layers are unlikely to explain the 5.5% difference in hatchability rate between lines. 4. The thickness of the calcified region did not alter as the broiler hen aged. However, the percent contribution of each calcified layer significantly differed over the egg production period. 5. The cuticle was significantly thinner at the beginning and at the end of the laying period compared to 38 weeks of age. 6. No significant correlation was observed between egg viability and the relative thicknesses of the mamillary, palisade or cuticle layers. In contrast, there was a positive relationship between egg viability and the thickness of the vertical crystal layer. 7. The percent contribution of the mammillary and palisade layers was similar in the thinnest and thickest eggshells, suggesting conservation of the proportions of these layers independent of eggshell thickness.     

乳酸锌对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋壳质量的影响

本试验旨在研究乳酸锌对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋壳质量的影响。试验采用单因子随机分组试验设计,选取1600只360日龄的罗曼粉壳蛋鸡,随机分到4个处理组,各处理组8个重复,每个重复50只鸡。基础饲粮采用为玉米－豆粕型粉状饲粮,处理1饲喂基础饲粮＋60mg／kg－水硫酸锌（以锌计）,处理2饲喂基础饲粮＋60mg／kg乳酸锌（以锌计）,处理3饲喂基础饲粮＋40mg／kg乳酸锌（以锌计）,处理4饲喂基础饲粮＋60mg／kg锌（－水硫酸锌和乳酸锌提供的锌各一半）。试验结果表明,在产蛋鸡饲粮中100％以乳酸锌替代硫酸锌（提供的锌含量为60mg／kg）,能显著降低平均破蛋率,提高平均蛋壳强度和平均蛋壳厚度（P〈0．05）,死亡率最低,对蛋鸡的平均产蛋率、平均蛋重、平均日采食量和平均料蛋比无显著影响（P〉0．05）。     

二郎山山地鸡品系间孵化效果的比较分析

为指导二郎山山地鸡品种选育,本试验选用SD02、SD03品系第2世代54个家系、2个批次的种蛋进行孵化试验,比较批次间、品系间和品系内家系间的种蛋孵化效果差异。结果显示,SD03的各家系入孵蛋数(47枚)显著高于SD02(40枚)(P<0.05),SD02各家系的健雏率(99.5%)显著高于SD03(98.4%)(P<0.05)。SD03的死精率和死胎率低于SD02,受精率、受精蛋孵化率高于SD02,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。第1批次的受精蛋孵化率和健雏率高于第2批次,死精率和死胎率低于第2批次(P<0.05)。试验表明孵化效果SD03优于SD02,第1批次好于第2批次;SD02品系内家系3、30和48与SD03品系内家系13和49的各孵化指标远低于相应的品系均值,家系选种时应避免选用上述家系种鸡。     

乳酸锌对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋壳质量的影响试验

本试验旨在研究乳酸锌对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋壳质量的影响。试验采用单因子随机分组试验设计,选取1600只360日龄的罗曼粉壳蛋鸡,随机分到4个处理组,各处理组8个重复,每个重复50只鸡。基础饲粮采用为玉米-豆粕型粉状饲粮,处理1饲喂基础饲粮＋60mg／kg-水硫酸锌（以锌计）;处理2饲喂基础饲粮＋60mg／kg乳酸锌（以锌计...     

乳酸锌对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋壳质量的影响

为研究乳酸锌对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋壳质量的影响,试验采用单因子随机分组试验设计,选取1600只360日龄的罗曼粉壳蛋鸡,随机分为4个处理组,每个处理组8个重复,每个重复50只鸡。础饲日粮为玉米-豆粕型粉状饲粮,处理1组饲喂基础饲粮+60 mg/kg一水硫酸锌(以锌计),处理2组饲喂基础饲粮+60 mg/kg乳酸锌(以锌计),处理3组饲喂基础饲粮+40 mg/kg乳酸锌(以锌计),处理4组饲喂基础饲粮+60 mg/kg锌(一水硫酸锌和乳酸锌提供的锌各一半)。结果表明,蛋鸡日粮中添加60 mg/kg乳酸锌(以锌计)能显著降低平均破蛋率、提高平均蛋壳强度(P<0.05)和明显提高平均蛋壳厚度,并且平均死亡率最低,但对蛋鸡的平均产蛋率、平均蛋重、平均日采食量和平均料蛋比无显著影响(P>0.05)。     

不同饲养方式对鹅繁殖性能影响的比较研究

比较分析传统池塘养殖和新型戏水池养殖扬州鹅的产蛋性能和孵化性能,探讨两种饲养方式的优劣,以期证明新型戏水池养殖方式的可行性。研究结果表明,池塘养殖开产略迟（比戏水池养殖晚4d）,但高峰产蛋率达到了43.30%（比戏水池养殖高5%）,产蛋率〉35%维持的天数达到了59d,入舍母鹅产蛋数达到58.70个（比戏水池养殖入舍母鹅产蛋数56.24个高2.46个）,池塘养殖鹅群产蛋性能更好一些。受精率、受精蛋孵化率、健雏率,池塘养殖（88.97%、89.58%、97.90%）与戏水池养殖（87.92%、87.69%、98.05%）均无显著差异。综合考虑土地利用率、节水、养殖效率等因素,新型戏水池饲养方式可以在鹅养殖业中大面积推广使用。