阿维菌素浇注剂对牛皮蝇第三期幼虫的驱杀效果试验

将自然感染牛皮蝇第三期幼虫的杂交牛分成５组,每组１０头,第１－４组分别用阿维菌素浇注剂０,２,０．４和０．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重剂量皮肤浇注给药和阿维菌素注射液０．２ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重剂量皮下注射,第５组为不治疗对照组。治疗后第７,１５,３０和４５ｄ连续检查结果,在阿维菌素浇注剂０．２ｍｇ／ｋｇ和０．４ｍｇ／ｋｇ剂量组各发现１头牛皮下有１个第三期幼虫存活,两组的驱杀率和治愈率都分别为９９．４％和９０．０％,     

猪水肿病的治疗方法

老莱监狱养猪户某某饲养的营养良好的仔猪、育肥猪发病死亡。经临床、剖检诊断为水肿病。治疗用链霉素１ｇ，每天２次肌肉注射，或链霉素０．５ｇ、维生素Ｂ１２２００ｍｇ，肌肉注射。炎痛宁注射液０．２～０．４ｍＬ／ｋｇ，肌肉或静脉注射。在必要时对症治疗，采用强心...     

盐酸锥双净治疗牛锥虫病疗效观察

本县松湖镇于１９９７ 年５ 月经毛细管自然沉淀集虫法镜检发现锥虫的阳性牛５２ 头,采用盐酸锥双净（剂量水牛１．５ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ,黄牛０．５ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ 体重）肌肉注射治疗,其中１０ 头治疗后１ 个月以采用接种小白鼠查虫,４２ 头于治疗后５ 个月采血作ＰＡＰＳ免疫微球凝集试验和集虫法查虫,并结合临床症状,耕作能力及膘情观察。结果仅ＰＡＰＳ凝集试验检出２ 头水牛仍为阳性（占治疗水牛３９ 头的５．１％ ）。其他检查的牛全部转阴,临床症状消失,耕作能力增强,膘情中等以上的达７８．８％ ,说明锥双净治疗牛的锥虫病,疗效显著     

袋贮玉米秸添加剂试验

试验以及玉米秸袋模拟地上堆贮进行添加种类筛选和用量研究，试验设立９个处理，分别为按鲜草重加甲酸１．５，３．０，４．５ｇ／ｋｇ，加甲醛１．５，３．０，４．５ｇ／ｋｇ，加甲酸１．５ｇ／ｋｇ＋甲醛１．５ｇ／ｋｇ加甲酸１．５ｇ／ｋｇ＋尿素５．０ｇ／ｋｇ加甲醛１．５ｇ／ｋｇ＋尿素５．０ｇ／ｋｇ。另设不加任何添加剂的对照。结果表明，玉米告青贮甲酸可作为添加剂，按每千克鲜玉米秸添加３ｇ，亦可同时添加尿素５．０ｇ     

二氟沙星对实验性感染猪支原体性肺炎及链球菌病的药效学研究

以试管两倍稀释法测得二氟沙星对猪肺炎支原体（ Ｆ１６ 株）和兰氏 Ｃ 群类马链球菌（ Ｃ５５ １ ２０ ）的最小抑菌浓度分别是０１６ｍ ｇ／ Ｌ及 １６ｍ ｇ／ Ｌ。肌注给药对猪支原体性肺炎及链球菌病的实验性治疗结果表明,低、中、高剂量二氟沙星组（２５、５、１０ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ）及蒽诺沙星组（２５ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ）用药 ５ 天（每隔 １２ 小时给药一次）对猪支原体性肺炎的治愈率分别是 ８０％ 、９０％ 、１００％ 及９０％ ;而支原体感染对照组的自愈率为１０％ 。低、中、高剂量二氟沙星组及蒽诺沙星组（２５ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ）用药 ４ 天（每隔 １２ 小时给药一次）对猪链球菌病的治愈率分别是 ５０％ 、８０％ 、８０％ 及 ８０％ ,而链球菌感染对照组的死亡率为 ５０％ 。     

人工合成胸腺肽研究──TP－5免疫刺激的剂量效应

用０．１、１．１０、１００和１０００μｇ／ｋｇＴＰ－５ｉｐ小鼠，连续１０天，使腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能增强；Ｅ－ＲＦＣ％阳性率增加；循环抗体含量升高；红细胞免疫功能增强。最佳剂量集中在０．１～１０μｇ／ｋｇ。     

人工合成胸腺肽研究：TP—5免疫刺激的剂量效应

用０．１、１．１０、１００和１０００μｇ／ｋｇＴＰ－５ｉｐ小鼠，连续１０天，使腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能增强。Ｅ－ＲＦＣ％阳性率增加，循环抗体含量升高，红细胞免疫功能增强，最佳剂量集中在０．１～１０μｇ／ｋｇ。     

用吡喹酮治疗绵羊棘球蚴和囊尾蚴病试验

应用国产吡喹酮（Ｐｒａｚｉｑｕａｎｔｅｌｕｍ）对棉羊原发性细粒棘球蚴和细颈囊尾蚴进行了治疗试验，受试绵羊５１只，设两个试验治疗组（剂量分别为１５毫升／公斤体重及３０毫升／公斤体重）和对照组，分５次投药。均地首次服药后经２４０天剖检，结果表明治疗一组棘球蚴和细颈囊尾蚴死亡率７５．１－５２．３％，第二组死亡率达８５．７－８７．１％，均高于对照组，提示吡喹酮对绵羊原发性的细粒棘球蚴和细颈囊尾蚴有着一定的     

吡喹酮肌肉注射液治疗山羊实验感染日本血吸虫病研究

本研究以二种吡喹酮肌肉注射液治疗山羊人工感染血吸虫病，剂量３０ｍｇ／ｋｇ，减虫率分别为９７．９％和９８．６％，减雌率分别为９７．９％１００％；剂量２０ｍｇ／ｋｇ，减虫率分别为９６．３％和９８．１％，减雌率分别为９６．９％和９８．４％，显示了良好的疗效。二种吡喹酮肌肉注射液药剂稳定性好，放置二年，未见有毒性反应，建议可在现场试用。     

鸡胆汁对鼠的抗疲劳,耐缺氧及体重的影响

本文首次揭示了鸡胆汁对动物抗疲劳，耐缺氧及体重的影响，实验结果表明：鸡胆汁按０．２ｇ／ｋｇ和０．５ｇ／ｋｇ剂量口服给药，能明显延长小鼠的爬杆时间，显著抑制小鼠和大鼠的增重率及日增重，而对小鼠的游泳时间和组织耐缺氧则无明显影响，鸡胆汁经口服给药的小鼠急性ＬＤ５０，大于１０５６０ｍｇ／ｋｇ，属实际无毒者。     

Efficacy of Ivermectin Pour-on Against Nematodes Infecting Foals on Pasture: Coprological and Biochemical Analysis

The efficacy of topical ivermectin (IVM) on foals naturally infected by parasitic nematodes was evaluated. Two dosages of IVM were applied pour-on (F-Nor0.5; 0.5 mg/kg body weight [BW] and F-Nor1; 1 mg/kg BW) and results compared with the oral administration (F-Eq0.2; 0.2 mg/kg BW of IVM). The efficacy was measured by estimating the reduction in the fecal egg counts (fecal egg count reduction) and in the numbers of horses shedding parasite eggs (positive horse reduction). Several biochemical and enzymatic serum parameters were measured in the groups F-Eq0.2 and F-Nor1. Before the deworming of the horses, eggs of Parascaris equorum, Cyathostomum, Gyalocephalus spp, and Oxyuris equi were identified. In all the treated groups, the excretion of ascarid eggs ended 4 days after the treatment. The orally administered IVM suppressed the egg output of strongyles and pinworms 4 days after the treatment, whereas for the F-Nor1 group this occurred 8 days after the treatment. Eggs of strongyles were detected in the F-Nor0.5 group throughout the study. The levels of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, total proteins, albumin, globulins, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) reduced significantly after the administration of IVM, but values not within the normal range were only achieved for LDH. A significant positive correlation between the fecal egg output of cyathostomins and the LDH was investigated. Clinically, no adverse reactions in the horses receiving the topical IVM were observed. It was concluded that the pour-on administration of 1 mg/kg BW IVM provides similar results to the oral administration, and offers a very useful tool to control infestation by the intestinal nematodes affecting wild grazing horses.     

Effectiveness of neem oil versus Praziquantel/Oxfendazole for treatment of endoparasites in Eared Doves (Zenaida auriculata): A randomized controlled trial

It is often difficult to control parasite loads in captive animals in zoological institutions and there is the concern of rising drug resistance. Therefore, alternatives to parasite control should be investigated. Neem fruit (Azadirachta indica) is a herb native to India and has long been used in ancient Ayurvedic medicine. It has also been noted to have anti-parasitic properties and has been used as an alternative method of combatting endoparasitism in various animals successfully. In this randomized controlled trial, the effectiveness of neem oil as a dewormer was compared to the chemical dewormer wormout gel (Vetafarm, 20 g/L Praziquantel, 20 g/L Oxfendazole) and was tested in a group of 18 eared doves (Geopelia striata). These 18 doves were randomized equally into 3 groups where one group was given neem oil daily, the second group was given wormout gel (Vetafarm, 20 g/L Praziquantel, 20 g/L Oxfendazole) once and the last group was the control group and given water daily. Faecal tests (wet mount and McMaster egg counting technique) were done by a veterinary lab technician that was blinded to the group assignment. The faecal tests were done and the weight of each bird was recorded on admission, daily during the treatment period and 1 day after the treatment was finished. The daily weights and faecal test results were recorded down and the mean parasite ova per gram of feces and mean number of days where the parasite ova count was negative were calculated for each dove. The means were analyzed and the results showed that there were no significant benefits of using neem oil as a dewormer as compared to the wormout gel. Even though there was no significant benefits of using neem oil as a dewormer as compared to wormout gel in this study, further studies should be performed on neem as a natural antiparasitic alternative as not much knowledge about neem use in birds is available.     

Evaluation of the Efficacy of Atovaquone Alone or in Combination with Azithromycin against Acute Murine Toxoplasmosis

Mice were infected intraperitoneally with 10 000 tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii (RH) strain and, 24 h later, were treated orally for 10 days with atovaquone and azithromycin, either alone or in combination. Evaluation of the efficacy of the drugs was performed by microscopic examination of smears prepared from the organs of the mice, and by subinoculation of visceral and brain suspensions from surviving mice into healthy mice at the end of the experiments. It was found that 58%, 83% and 100% of the mice survived after administration of 75, 150 or 200 mg/kg per day of azithromycin, respectively. Moreover, 8%, 17% and 25% of the mice survived after treatment with atovaquone at 20, 50 or 100 mg/kg per day, respectively. No synergistic or additive effects of combinations of atovaquone and azithromycin were observed. However, azithromycin did not eradicate the parasite from the brain and viscera of the infected mice, whereas atovaquone at 20, 50 and 100 mg/kg per day removed the parasite from viscera and at 100 mg/kg per day eradicated the parasite from the brain of infected mice. The combinations of atovaquone and azithromycin failed to completely eradicate the parasite from the brain and viscera of infected mice.     

柠檬酸对小鼠精子特性和睾丸组织形态结构的影响

60只雄性小鼠随机分为4组,每天分别腹腔注射0.2mL的0.9%生理盐水或7.5、15、30g/L CA,于14、21d测定曲细精管精子的生成及附睾内精子特性的相关数据。结果显示,随柠檬酸处理剂量的增加精子的生成数减少。14d时,对照组与15、30g/L CA组间、7.5、30g/L CA组间曲细精管内精子的生成差异显著（P〈0.05）;21d时,对照组与柠檬酸处理组间及7.5、15g/L CA与30g/L CA处理组间曲细精管内精子的生成有显著差异（P〈0.05）。柠檬酸对附睾精子品质的影响表现为：对照组与柠檬酸处理组间及柠檬酸处理组间精子密度和活动率差异均显著（P〈0.05）;对照组和15、30g/L CA处理组及15g/L CA与30g/L CA处理组间精子活力差异显著（P〈0.05）;精子的畸形率随柠檬酸浓度的增加而增加,15g/L CA处理组精子畸形率显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）,30g/LCA处理组显著高于对照组和7.5g/L CA（P〈0.05）处理组。组织形态学观察结果表明柠檬酸能破坏睾丸正常组织形态结构。柠檬酸高剂量组的生精小管内生精细胞排列疏松、紊乱,生精细胞间出现空隙;生精小管中的生精细胞脱落或退化,精原细胞、精母细胞和精子数量明显减少。研究表明,外源柠檬酸雄性小鼠具有显著的生殖遗传毒性。     

国产硫酸头孢喹肟对小鼠的急性和蓄积毒性研究

为了研究国产硫酸头孢喹肟对昆明小鼠的急性毒性和蓄积毒性,采用改良寇氏法测定国产硫酸头孢喹肟的LD50;以剂量定期递增法计算蓄积系数,并于给药后第21天给予试验组和对照组小鼠1 LD50的量,观察各组小鼠对硫酸头孢喹肟的耐受性。结果表明,国产硫酸头孢喹肟原料药对小鼠口服LD50大于5 000 mg/kg,其混悬液制剂对小鼠腹腔注射LD50为844.03 mg/kg,LD50的95%可信限为802.05 mg/kg~887.56 mg/kg;蓄积试验中无小鼠死亡,蓄积系数K>5.3;耐受性试验显示,试验组死亡率(10%)显著低于对照组(40%)(P<0.05)。由此可见,国产硫酸头孢喹肟毒性低,临床使用安全,对小鼠没有蓄积毒性,小鼠对本品可产生明显耐受性。     

复方蒲公英注射液解热镇痛抗炎作用研究

考察复方蒲公英注射液解热镇痛抗炎效果。解热试验取健康家兔10只,随机分为2组,每只兔背部皮下注射2,4-二硝基苯酚2%水溶液30 mg/kg,待体温升高超过1℃,分别按0.5 mL/kg腹腔注射生理盐水和复方蒲公英注射液,给药后30、60、90、120 min分别测量直肠温度;镇痛试验取昆明系小白鼠50只,随机均分为5组,分别为生理盐水组（0.05mL）、阿司匹林组（4%阿司匹林溶液0.05 mL）、复方蒲公英注射液低（0.05 mL）、中（0.1 mL）、高剂量组（0.2 mL）。连续经口给药3 d,于末次给药30 min后,每只小白鼠腹腔注射0.6%冰醋酸（0.1 mL/10 g）,记录注射致痛剂后20 min内各鼠的扭体次数;抗炎试验取昆明系小白鼠50只,随机分为5组,分别为生理盐水对照组（0.05 mL/10 g）、双黄连组（0.05 mL/10 g）、复方蒲公英低（0.05 mL/10 g）、中（0.1 mL/10 g）、高（0.2 mL/10 g）剂量组。连续腹腔注射给药5 d,在第5天注射后12 h,在小鼠右耳两侧均匀涂以二甲苯0.05 mL,左耳作为对照,2 h后处死,用直径0.5 cm打孔器取其左右耳片,称重,评价药物对二甲苯刺激耳廓的抗炎效果。结果提示,复方蒲公英注射液具有较好的解热抗炎作用,而无明显镇痛作用。     

Pharmacokinetics of doramectin and ivermectin after oral administration in horses

A study was undertaken in order to compare plasma disposition kinetic parameters of doramectin (DRM) and ivermectin (IVM) in horses after oral administration. Ten crossbreed adult horses, clinically healthy, weighing 380-470 kg body weight (bw) were selected for study. Faecal examinations were performed to determine faecal parasite egg counts. Horses were allocated to two groups of five animals to provide an even distribution considering the variables sex, body weight and faecal egg count. Group I, were treated with an oral paste formulation of IVM at 0.2 mg/kg b/w and Group II, were treated with an oral dose of 0.2 mg/kg bw of DRM prepared as paste from the injectable formulation for oral administration. Blood samples were collected by jugular puncture between 0 h and 75 days post-treatment. Plasma was separated and later solid phase extraction and derivatization samples were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); a computerised kinetic analysis was carried out. Data were compared using the Mann-Whitney U-test.The mean plasma concentrations of DRM and IVM after oral administration in horses were detected until 30 and 20 days, respectively. Both drugs showed similar patterns of absorption and no significant differences were found for peak concentration, the time to peak concentration, or for absorptive half-life. The terminal elimination half-life was significantly (P<0.05) longer in the DRM treated group than for the IVM treated group. The differences observed in the elimination half-life explain the longer mean residence time and high values of area under the concentration time curve for the group treated with DRM, which are 30% higher than those of the IVM group. Considering its pharmacokinetics, tolerance and anthelmintic efficacy, the oral administration of DRM, could be an alternative to IVM for the control of parasitic diseases of horses.     

Biological control of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ascaris suum</Emphasis> eggs by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pochonia chlamydosporia</Emphasis> fungus

Ascaris suum is a gastrointestinal nematode parasite of swines. The aim of this study was to observe Pochonia chlamydosporia fungus on biological control of A. suum eggs after fungus passage through swines gastrointestinal tract. Eighteen pigs, previously dewormed, were randomly divided into three groups: group 1, treated with the fungus isolate VC4; group 2, treated with the fungus isolate VC1 and group 3 did not receive fungus (control). In the treated groups, each animal received a 9 g single dose of mycelium mass containing P. chlamydosporia (VC1 or VC4). Thereafter, animal fecal samples were collected at the following intervals: 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 h after treatment beginning and these were poured in Petri dishes containing 2% water-agar culture medium. Then, 1,000 A. suum eggs were poured into each dish and kept in an incubator at 26°C and in the dark for 30 days. After this period, approximately 100 eggs were removed from each Petri dish and morphologically analyzed under light microscopy following the ovicidal activity parameters. The higher percentage observed for isolated VC4 eggs destruction was 57.5% (36 h) after fungus administration and for isolate VC1 this percentage was 45.8% (24 h and 72 h) (p > 0.01). P. chlamydosporia remained viable after passing through the gastrointestinal tract of swines, maintaining its ability of destroying A. suum eggs.     

Pharmacokinetics of tilmicosin in equine tissues and plasma

The macrolide antibiotic tilmicosin has potential for treating bacterial respiratory tract infections in horses. A pharmacokinetic study evaluated the disposition of tilmicosin in the horse after oral (4 mg/kg) or subcutaneous (s.c.) (10 mg/kg) administration. Tilmicosin was not detected in equine plasma or tissues after oral administration at this dose. With s.c. injection, tilmicosin concentrations reached a maximum concentration of approximately 200 ng/mL in the plasma of the horses. Tilmicosin concentrations in plasma persisted with a mean residence time (MRT) of 19 h. Maximum tissue residue concentrations (C(max)) of tilmicosin measured in equine lung, kidney, liver and muscle tissues after s.c. administration were 2784, 4877, 1398, and 881 ng/g, respectively. The MRT of tilmicosin in these tissues was approximately 27 h. Subcutaneous administration of tilmicosin resulted in severe reactions at the injection sites.     

天门冬多糖对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能调节的初步研究

为研究天门冬多糖对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能的调节作用,选取体重为18~22g的昆明小鼠60只,随机分成6组,每组10只,分别设立生理盐水对照组、阳性对照组[腹腔注射150mg/(kg·BW)环磷酰胺]以及4组供试药物组[每组供试药物组的小鼠在腹腔注射150mg/(kg·BW)环磷酰胺后,分别注射100、200、300、400mg/(kg·BW)的天门冬多糖溶液],连续处理7d后,检测小鼠血浆中的细胞因子(IL-2、IL-6和IFN-γ)的含量,并计算小鼠脾脏指数和胸腺指数,观察小鼠脾脏和胸腺的组织学变化。结果显示,与生理盐水对照组、环磷酰胺对照组比较,100mg/(kg·BW)和200mg/(kg·BW)天门冬多糖试验组小鼠的血浆中IL-2和IL-6细胞因子水平明显升高;200mg/(kg·BW)和300mg/(kg·BW)供试药物组小鼠的血浆中IFN-γ的水平显著升高;天门冬多糖试验组的小鼠脾脏指数显著提高。试验表明天门冬多糖具有增强小鼠免疫功能的作用。