Anti-inflammatory activity of immunoglobulin G resulting from Fc sialylation

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) mediates pro- and anti-inflammatory activities through the engagement of its Fc fragment (Fc) with distinct Fcg receptors (FcgRs). One class of Fc-FcgR interactions generates pro-inflammatory effects of immune complexes and cytotoxic antibodies. In contrast, therapeutic intravenous gamma globulin and its Fc fragments are anti-inflammatory. We show here that these distinct properties of the IgG Fc result from differential sialylation of the Fc core polysaccharide. IgG acquires anti-inflammatory properties upon Fc sialylation, which is reduced upon the induction of an antigen-specific immune response. This differential sialylation may provide a switch from innate anti-inflammatory activity in the steady state to generating adaptive pro-inflammatory effects upon antigenic challenge.     

Recapitulation of IVIG anti-inflammatory activity with a recombinant IgG Fc

It is well established that high doses of monomeric immunoglobulin G (IgG) purified from pooled human plasma [intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)] confer anti-inflammatory activity in a variety of autoimmune settings. However, exactly how those effects are mediated is not clear because of the heterogeneity of IVIG. Recent studies have demonstrated that the anti-inflammatory activity of IgG is completely dependent on sialylation of the N-linked glycan of the IgG Fc fragment. Here we determine the precise glycan requirements for this anti-inflammatory activity, allowing us to engineer an appropriate IgG1 Fc fragment, and thus generate a fully recombinant, sialylated IgG1 Fc with greatly enhanced potency. This therapeutic molecule precisely defines the biologically active component of IVIG and helps guide development of an IVIG replacement with improved activity and availability.     

新疆双峰驼抗血清中重链抗体的分离鉴定

【目的】初步探讨新疆双峰驼Camelus bactrianus免疫系统中缺失轻链的重链抗体(heavy chain antibody,HCAb)是否具有常规抗体的基本抗原结合功能。【方法】采用本实验室构建的丹毒丝菌表面蛋白A原核表达载体pGEX4T-1-spaA-N,进行诱导表达,纯化获得重组抗原GST-SpaA-N,免疫双峰驼制备抗血清,经Protein A和Protein G亲和层析从抗血清中分离重链抗体及常规抗体,Western blotting鉴定重链抗体的抗原结合特性,间接ELISA比较重链抗体与传统抗体的抗原结合活性。【结果】经过Protein A/G纯化得到了IgG2。对各组分进行分析初步表明重链抗体约占血清IgG的60%—80%。采用GST-SpaA-N免疫双峰驼可以诱导高滴度的IgG2型重链抗体,在5次免疫后,骆驼抗spaA-N特异的重链抗体IgG2多抗血清的效价为1﹕51200。Western blotting结果显示分离的多克隆重链抗体可特异结合SpaA天然抗原,且ELISA分析结果表明重链抗体与常规抗体具有相同的抗原结合活性。【结论】首次从双峰驼抗血清中成功分离获得具有与常规抗体相同生物学功能的多克隆重链抗体,提示重链抗体可能在骆驼免疫防御中发挥重要作用。     

Human CD4 binds immunoglobulins

T cell glycoprotein CD4 binds to class II major histocompatibility molecules and to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope protein gp120. Recombinant CD4 (rCD4) bound to polyclonal immunoglobulin (Ig) and 39 of 50 (78%) human myeloma proteins. This binding depended on the Fab and not the Fc portion of Ig and was independent of the light chain. Soluble rCD4, HIV gp120, and sulfated dextrans inhibited the CD4-Ig interaction. With the use of a panel of synthetic peptides, the region critical for binding to Ig was localized to amino acids 21 to 38 of the first extracellular domain of CD4. CD4-bound antibody (Ab) complexed with antigen approximately 100 times better than Ab alone. This activity may contribute to the Ab-mediated enhancement of cellular HIV interaction that appears to depend on a trimolecular complex of HIV, antibodies to gp120, and CD4.     

Divergent immunoglobulin g subclass activity through selective Fc receptor binding

Subclasses of immunoglobulin G (IgG) display substantial differences in their ability to mediate effector responses, contributing to variable activity of antibodies against microbes and tumors. We demonstrate that the mechanism underlying this long-standing observation of subclass dominance in function is provided by the differential affinities of IgG subclasses for specific activating IgG Fc receptors compared with their affinities for the inhibitory IgG Fc receptor. The significant differences in the ratios of activating-to-inhibitory receptor binding predicted the in vivo activity. We suggest that these highly predictable functions assigned by Fc binding will be an important consideration in the design of therapeutic antibodies and vaccines.     

Catalytic hydrolysis of vasoactive intestinal peptide by human autoantibody

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) labeled with 125I, [Tyr10-125I]VIP, can be hydrolyzed by immunoglobulin G (IgG) purified from a human subject, as judged by trichloroacetic acid precipitation and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The hydrolytic activity was precipitated by antibody to human IgG, it was bound by immobilized protein G and showed a molecular mass close to 150 kilodaltons by gel filtration chromatography, properties similar to those of authentic IgG. The Fab fragment, prepared from IgG by papain treatment, retained the VIP hydrolytic activity of the IgG. Peptide fragments produced by treatment of VIP with the antibody fraction were purified by reversed-phase HPLC and identified by fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry and peptide sequencing. The scissile bond in VIP deduced from these experiments was Gln16-Met17. The antibody concentration (73.4 fmol per milligram of IgG) and the Kd (0.4 nM) were computed from analysis of VIP binding under conditions that did not result in peptide hydrolysis. Analysis of the antibody-mediated VIP hydrolysis at varying concentrations of substrate suggested conformity with Michaelis-Menton kinetics (Km). The values for Km (37.9 X 10(-9) M) and the turnover number kcat (15.6 min-1) suggested relatively tight VIP binding and a moderate catalytic efficiency of the antibody.     

血清4型禽腺病毒Fiber-2蛋白截短表达及单克隆抗体制备

【目的】获得截短表达的血清4型禽腺病毒（FAdV-4）Fiber-2重组蛋白及其单克隆抗体,为建立快速灵敏的病毒检测方法提供基础材料。【方法】对Fiber-2基因序列进行密码子优化,截取Fiber-2蛋白抗原性集中片段,PCR扩增其基因序列,连接至pET-32a（+）构建原核表达载体。将表达的重组蛋白进行纯化,并通过Western blotting验证其在大肠杆菌中的表达情况。将重组蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠后取脾细胞与SP2/0细胞融合,利用间接酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）法筛选阳性细胞株,再利用秋水仙素裂解法、间接ELISA法和间接免疫荧光法（IFA）对其进行鉴定。【结果】成功构建Fiber-2基因截短片段的原核表达系统,获得大小约为67 kD的Fiber-2截短蛋白,以包涵体的形式出现,经纯化后可获得单一的特异性条带,经Western blotting鉴定证明其可与FAdV-4阳性血清结合从而产生一条特异性条带。经过4次亚克隆后筛选到5株能稳定分泌抗体的杂交瘤细胞株（2C2、4F6、5A5、6G10和10B5）,其抗体分泌稳定性、特异性好,诱生的细胞上清液抗体效价为1:1600～...     

新疆双峰驼纳米抗体、重链抗体和常规抗体的热稳定性比较

【目的】 比较纳米抗体、HCAbs与常规抗体之间在温度稳定性方面的差异,为研究HCAb的功能特性和骆驼适应极端环境的免疫特点提供参考。【方法】 从溶菌酶、蒜氨酸酶和丹毒丝菌表面抗原A 3种抗原免疫的新疆双峰驼血清中,采用Protein A和Protein G亲和色谱纯化IgG1、IgG2和IgG3 3种亚型抗体,并在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)菌中表达和纯化3种纳米抗体。采用ELISA方法,测定经过22~90℃一系列热处理后、平衡至室温的各抗体与相应抗原的结合活性,以剩余抗原结合活性的百分比作为衡量抗体温度稳定性的参数。【结果】 3种抗原免疫后均能在骆驼激发明显的抗体反应。采用Protein A/G亲和色谱,从血清中纯化获得分子量分别为50 KD+25 KD、 46 KD和43 KD的IgG1、IgG2和IgG3亚型抗体。骆驼IgG2和IgG3重链抗体比IgG1具有更高的温度稳定性,其中IgG3表现出比IgG2对温度更高耐受的趋势。从细菌表达纯化的3种纳米抗体都表现出比重链抗体和常规抗体更高的温度稳定性。【结论】 抗体结构形式和分子大小可能显著影响了双峰驼抗体对温度的耐受性。     

金黄色葡萄球菌TraP蛋白单克隆抗体制备

研究通过骨髓瘤细胞SP2／O与经金黄色葡萄球菌（S．aureus）Trap蛋白免疫的小鼠脾细胞融合,并进一步筛选种单克隆化,获得了11株稳定分泌抗TraP蛋白的单克隆抗体（McAb）杂交瘤细胞株,其中8株McAb（2A1、3A6、381、184、2C5、4C7、5C3和2D8）亚类为IgGl,3株McAb（2A7、3A1和1c4）亚类为IgM,轻链均为K链。8株IgGl型McAb的小鼠腹水的抗体效价均达到1：128000,交叉实验结果显示这8株McAb不与S．aureus的ClfA、ClfB、Cna、FnbPA和IsdB蛋白以及链球菌的GapC蛋白反应,具有良好的特异性,Western—blotting结果显示这8株McAb识别的都是TraP的线性表位。     

五龙鹅IgY、IgM分子特性研究

为丰富和完善鹅Ig分子特性的研究,以层析、离子交换等方法分离纯化五龙鹅的免疫球蛋白及重链、轻链、Fab段、Fc段,进行鹅Ig的多态性、分子质量、氨基酸组成、稳定性等分子特性研究。结果表明:五龙鹅IgY存在几个亚类,总分子质量为166ku,重链约为60ku,轻链约为23.5ku;鹅IgM的重链分子质量分别为51.72、48.30和44.09ku,轻链20.30ku,所以,总分子质量约为660~740ku;五龙鹅Ig重链的分子质量均小于鸡、鸭;IgY的Fab段分子质量为48.67ku,Fc段为68.62ku。IgY的重链和轻链中碱性氨基酸摩尔分数小于酸性氨基酸,为酸性蛋白质,而IgM则为碱性蛋白质;IgY中Cys摩尔分数为2.25%,IgM为3.26%;鹅IgY的重链和轻链中Pro的摩尔分数相差较大,分别为7.69%和0.10%;鹅IgY在pH3.5~11.5的范围内十分稳定,IgM在pH4.0~10.5的范围内稳定,IgM的酸碱稳定性小于IgY,但在pH3.5~4.5时活性增加5%~8%;研究表明五龙鹅IgY热稳定性较差,热变性反应级数为1.2。     

Three-dimensional structure of an antigen-antibody complex at 2.8 A resolution

The 2.8 A resolution three-dimensional structure of a complex between an antigen (lysozyme) and the Fab fragment from a monoclonal antibody against lysozyme has been determined and refined by x-ray crystallographic techniques. No conformational changes can be observed in the tertiary structure of lysozyme compared with that determined in native crystalline forms. The quaternary structure of Fab is that of an extended conformation. The antibody combining site is a rather flat surface with protuberances and depressions formed by its amino acid side chains. The antigen-antibody interface is tightly packed, with 16 lysozyme and 17 antibody residues making close contacts. The antigen contacting residues belong to two stretches of the lysozyme polypeptide chain: residues 18 to 27 and 116 to 129. All the complementarity-determining regions and two residues outside hypervariable positions of the antibody make contact with the antigen. Most of these contacts (10 residues out of 17) are made by the heavy chain, and in particular by its third complementarity-determining region. Antigen variability and antibody specificity and affinity are discussed on the basis of the determined structure.     

IgG from patients with Lambert-Eaton syndrome blocks voltage-dependent calcium channels

Lambert-Eaton syndrome, an autoimmune disorder frequently associated with small-cell carcinoma of the lung, is characterized by impaired evoked release of acetylcholine from the motor nerve terminal. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies from patients with the syndrome, applied to bovine adrenal chromaffin cells, reduced the voltage-dependent calcium channel currents by about 40 percent. When calcium was administered directly into the cytoplasm, however, the IgG-treated cells exhibited normal exocytotic secretion, as assayed by membrane capacitance measurement. Measurement with the fluorescent calcium indicator fura-2 indicated that the IgG treatment reduced potassium-stimulated increase in free intracellular calcium concentration. The pathogenic IgG modified neither kinetics of calcium channel activation nor elementary channel activity, suggesting that a reduction in the number of functional calcium channels underlies the IgG-induced effect. Therefore, Lambert-Eaton syndrome IgG reacts with voltage-dependent calcium channels and blocks their function, a phenomenon that can account for the presynaptic impairment characteristic of this disorder.     

A highly conserved neutralizing epitope on group 2 influenza A viruses

Current flu vaccines provide only limited coverage against seasonal strains of influenza viruses. The identification of V(H)1-69 antibodies that broadly neutralize almost all influenza A group 1 viruses constituted a breakthrough in the influenza field. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of a human monoclonal antibody CR8020 with broad neutralizing activity against most group 2 viruses, including H3N2 and H7N7, which cause severe human infection. The crystal structure of Fab CR8020 with the 1968 pandemic H3 hemagglutinin (HA) reveals a highly conserved epitope in the HA stalk distinct from the epitope recognized by the V(H)1-69 group 1 antibodies. Thus, a cocktail of two antibodies may be sufficient to neutralize most influenza A subtypes and, hence, enable development of a universal flu vaccine and broad-spectrum antibody therapies.     

ELISA双抗夹心法检测IBDV抗原

采用IBD细胞毒油佐剂灭活苗多次免疫易感鸡，制取高免血清效价1：64，提纯IgG抗体并用HRP标记同一IgG抗体，建立一种检测IBDV的敏感性方法──ELISA双抗夹心法。实验用盐析法和离子交换层析法纯化IgG。酶标抗体E／IgGmol比1：43。方阵实验确定最佳反应条件；包被抗体50ug／ml，E－Ab2稀释度为1：120，Ag灵敏度为1：3200；取代反应，抗原阻断反应，无关病毒对照试验均为阴性，并与AGP法对照实验．灵敏度高200倍。以上结果表明：本实验敏感性高，特异性强，简单快速判定客观，对临床诊断IBD流行病有很好的使用价值和推广价值。     

监测重组蛋白EgM9免疫犬的特异性抗体变化

[目的]探索EgM家族重组蛋白(EgM 9)与Iscom为佐剂结合免疫犬后血清抗体变化规律.[方法]利用间接ELISA法检测免疫组与对照组血清特异性抗体(IgG、IgGi,IgG2,IgA、IgM和IgE)的变化规律,并以Western-blotting方法进行验证.[结果]经统计学方法分析显示,免疫组与对照组特异性抗体IgG及其亚类IgG1,IgG2,差异极显著(P <0.01),而特异性抗体IgA,IgM和IgE差异不显著(P > 0.05).[结论]证实EgM家族重组蛋白(EgM 9)与Iscom为佐剂结合能引起犬特异性免疫应答.     

Crystal structure of a neutralizing human IGG against HIV-1: a template for vaccine design

We present the crystal structure at 2.7 angstrom resolution of the human antibody IgG1 b12. Antibody b12 recognizes the CD4-binding site of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) gp120 and is one of only two known antibodies against gp120 capable of broad and potent neutralization of primary HIV-1 isolates. A key feature of the antibody-combining site is the protruding, finger-like long CDR H3 that can penetrate the recessed CD4-binding site of gp120. A docking model of b12 and gp120 reveals severe structural constraints that explain the extraordinary challenge in eliciting effective neutralizing antibodies similar to b12. The structure, together with mutagenesis studies, provides a rationale for the extensive cross-reactivity of b12 and a valuable framework for the design of HIV-1 vaccines capable of eliciting b12-like activity.     

抗H9N2 AIV HA单克隆抗体的制备及其在胶体金层析检测中的初步应用

用基因疫苗pcDNA-H9和纯化H9N2亚型AIV免疫Balb/C小鼠,细胞融合后用HI和ELISA方法筛选出5株抗H9亚型AIV HA的特异性单克隆抗体H9-01(2E6),H9-02(3B1),H9-03(3H11),H9-04(1A4),H9-05(2G9)。各株单抗亚型测定的结果为H9-01,H9-02和H9-05均为IgG2b,H9-03为IgG1,H9-04为IgG2a,轻链的亚型均为kappa链。经特异性和与同型病毒的反应谱检测,它们均是HA特异性单克隆抗体。用制备的抗H9亚型AIV HA的单克隆抗体做成胶体金层析检测试纸条,可以检测到200个EID50的H9亚型AIV,为监测该亚型AIV试剂盒的进一步商品化奠定了基础。     

Generation of a large combinatorial library of the immunoglobulin repertoire in phage lambda

A novel bacteriophage lambda vector system was used to express in Escherichia coli a combinatorial library of Fab fragments of the mouse antibody repertoire. The system allows rapid and easy identification of monoclonal Fab fragments in a form suitable for genetic manipulation. It was possible to generate, in 2 weeks, large numbers of monoclonal Fab fragments against a transition state analog hapten. The methods described may supersede present-day hybridoma technology and facilitate the production of catalytic and other antibodies.     

Influence of gallic acid on porcine neutrophils phosphodiesterase 4, IL-6, TNF-α and rat arthritis model

Our previous studies showed that the anti-inflammatory effects of Paeonia lactiflora roots extract may be mediated, at least in part, through its gallic acid content, and this effect may be regulated in part by an inhibition on cAMP-phosphodiesterase (PDE). To explore the anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism, the influence of gallic acid on neutrophils PDE4 activity and expression, TNF-α and IL-6 content and rat arthritis model were further studied. PDE4 activity and gene express were calculated respectively by substrate cAMP change examined with HPLC and real-time RT-PCR. The concentration of IL-6 and TNF-α in supernatant were assayed by ELISA method. Model of rat arthritis was caused by complete Freund’s adjuvant. Results showed that gallic acid had a dose-dependent restraint on PDE4 activity of neutrophils in vitro, promoted significantly PDE4A expression (P<0.01), and had no influence on the expressions of PDE4B and 4D. However, PDE4C expression was not detected. Gallic acid could promote IL-6 release (P<0.05), and inhibit TNF-α release of neutrophils (P<0.05). The experiment in vivo showed that gallic acid had obvious restraint on local inflammation of animal model (P<0.05). Therefore, the anti-inflammatory effect of gallic acid may be mediated in part through an inhibition on PDE4 activity and further an increase of IL-6 and a decrease of TNF-α of neutrophils, and this effect seemed to have no relationship with PDE4 expression.     

鸡IgG单克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

[目的]制备鸡免疫球蛋白单克隆抗体,提高诊断鸡特异性抗体的水平。[方法]应用盐析法粗提和葡聚糖G200凝胶层析分离纯化鸡血清IgG,免疫BALB/c小鼠,并进行细胞融合和ELISA筛选。[结果]间接ELISA法检测C44、C45、C67和C68共4株鸡IgG单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞的腹水效价分别为1∶640000、1∶320000、1∶640000和1∶80000。Westernblot分析显示,C44和C45株单克隆抗体识别鸡IgG轻链,而C67和C68株单克隆抗体识别鸡IgG重链,它们与鸭、猪等血清Ig均没有反应。小鼠Ig亚类分析表明,4株细胞分泌的抗体均为IgG1型。[结论]成功获得了4株稳定分泌鸡IgG单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞。