猫腹泻、软便的原因和诊疗分析

随着宠物猫的饲养量增加，猫的病例也在不断的增加，其中腹泻、软便的病例占大多数。本文从猫腹泻、软便的病因、诊断和治疗这几方面进行分析，给出一些防治的建议，以期对相关疾病的诊疗有所帮助。     

贵阳市区猫消化道疾病调查与诊治

作者于1989年3月—6月参加了贵阳市南明区兽防站猫科诊所的猫病诊疗工作,其间对该诊所收治的180例门诊病猫进行了调查分析,消化系统疾病占病例总数的75.6%,本文侧重叙述了猫消化系统疾病的主要类型,常见症候及诊疗情况。一、贵阳市区猫病类型分析根据临床症状,治疗及随访观察,贵阳市南明区兽防站猫科诊所1988年9月—1989年5月所收治的180例门诊猫病例中,消化系统疾     

广东省猪PCV-2感染的调查

2005年-2006年,对广东省12个市（县／区）共40个猪场108头病例,应用病理学及病原检测方法对PCV-2感染情况进行调查。结果表明,PCV-2阳性44例,占总病例数的40．7％。从,10日龄到120日龄均有感染,以60日龄～70日龄多发。在PCV-2感染的病例中,混合感染占95．5％。以混合感染PRRSV（11例,25％）最多,混合感染APP次之（10例,22．7％）。另外,调查显示该病可全年发生,但5月份为发病高峰。     

猫难产病因剖析及预防措施

随社会发展 ,人民生活水平提高 ,家养宠物猫数量急剧增多 ,特别在城市 ,随之而来猫门诊病例大量增多 ,在猫的泌尿生殖系统疾病中 ,猫难产所占比例高达70 %。笔者近年来共收治 6 70例猫难产 ,对其难产原因进行统计分析 ,依此采取了相应的预防措施并取得了较为满意的效果。1　难产原因1 .1　 过早交配或雄猫体型过大。雌猫一般在 10月龄时开始性成熟 ,18月龄时体成熟 ,如果雌猫在性成熟后体成熟前发生交配而受孕 ,因其体格较小 ,容易导致难产。另外 ,即使雌猫体成熟后而与之交配的雄猫体型过大 ,也易导致难产的发生 ,该类型难产约占全部难产的…     

猪圆环病毒混合感染细菌性疾病的调查与防治

猪圆环病毒(PCV2)混合感染细菌非常严重.对98个PCV2感染病例进行了细菌分离鉴定,结果发现感染细菌性疾病的有84例,占总病例数的85.71%;感染1种细菌的61例,占总病例数的62.24%,感染2种细菌的23例,占总病例数的23.47%.感染的细菌以引起呼吸道疾病的细菌为主,占总病例数的33.67%.     

一例猫股骨骨折的治疗报告

股骨骨折是小动物临床常见的一种外科医疗疾病,大多数发生在宠物猫上,因猫科动物其自身的活跃性、应激性等原因,猫的股骨骨折外科疾病近年来尤为增多。文章对北京市某动物医院接收的一例股骨骨折病猫的患病情况、临床表现、一般和特殊诊断以及治疗过程进行描述,以期为该类小动物股骨骨折相关骨外科的临床诊治提供参考。     

北京市家猫主要疫病的流行情况与防治对策

2007年对北京市海淀区29家宠物医院(诊所)11992只宠物猫病例进行跟踪调查,以评价北京市猫病的流行现状。结果表明,内科病(普通病)6974例,为58.16%;传染病5018例,为41.84%(人兽共患传染病2457例为20.48%)。其中寄生虫病2698,为22.50%;真菌病1380,为11.51%;病毒病1210,为10.09%。本结果不仅为研究制定猫病的预防与控制措施提供了技术依据,同时给养宠物猫的人敲响了警钟。     

天津动物园食草动物疾病发生规律的调查与分析

研究旨在了解食草动物常见病因,探讨制定具有针对性的预防措施,降低人工圈养野生食草动物的发病率。文章汇总了天津动物园2018年3月至2022年2月间所有食草动物的发病、诊疗和剖检的记录,分析天津地区自然环境下人工饲养的野生食草动物的发病规律。结果显示,目前天津动物园食草动物合计323只,分属5目、11科、21属、29种动物,累计发病数280只。根据动物发病的类型可将疾病分为4类,即内科疾病、外科疾病、产科疾病以及寄生虫疾病,发病例数合计305例。内科疾病发病率较高,占总病例的46.88%;其中消化道疾病占内科疾病的49.65%,呼吸道疾病占内科疾病的23.78%,其他疾病占内科疾病的26.57%。外科疾病占总病例的38.69%,其中动物间的打斗、顶撞等行为造成的外伤病例较多,占所有外科病例的66.95%。产科疾病占总病例的7.54%。寄生虫疾病占总病例的6.89%。研究表明,天津动物园的食草动物内科疾病全年均有发生,外科疾病多发于秋季;产科类疾病由于动物繁殖期不同,全年均有发生。     

西安地区猫传染性腹膜炎流行病学调查

为了解西安地区猫传染性腹膜炎(FIP)发病率与发病月份、年龄、品种、性别、临床症状和实验室检查结果的相关性，本调查对2018年6月1日—2022年3月31日于西北农林科技大学西安动物医院就诊的115例FIP病例进行统计分析。结果显示，FIP发病无明显季节性，且与性别无关。英国短毛猫发病率最高，占病例总数的27.43%。1.5周岁以下年龄的猫的发病率最高，占病例总数的81.98%。黄疸、食欲不振、腹围增大和发热为本病最常见的症状，实验室检查以白蛋白和球蛋白比值降低、总胆红素浓度升高为特征。本调查可为FIP的诊疗和防治提供参考依据。     

犬、猫肢体骨折的外固定治疗浅谈

近几年来宠物临床疾病发病种类增多，病症也越加复杂。我们对近两年来2191例病例初次就诊情况进行统计，患运动器官疾病有224例，占总病例的10％；其中骨折有48例，占总病数2％，犬43例，猫5例。骨折是指当外力超过了骨所能忍受的极限应力应变时，在外力的作用部位骨的完整性或连续性机械破坏，发生骨折。骨折的同时常伴有周围软组织不同程度的损伤。临床发病主要与饲养管理和护理不当有关。直接骨折有车辆冲撞、重物压伤、火器伤、从高处摔下等；间接损伤如跳跃、摔倒等。我们统计所有骨折几乎都为闭合性骨折．开放性骨折仅遇一例。各部位骨折中又以四肢骨折居多。     

Traumatic body wall herniation in 36 dogs and cats

Traumatic body wall hernias (TBWH) are serious sequelae to traumatic injury in dogs and cats. During the study period, 26 dogs and 10 cats with surgically managed TBWH were identified. Five cases (four dogs, one cat) did not have their hernias identified during the first 24 hours of hospitalization. Bite wounds were the most common cause of TBWH, accounting for 54% of canine and 40% of feline hernias. Twelve cases (nine dogs, three cats) had serious intra-abdominal injuries diagnosed in addition to their TBWH. Seventy-three percent of dogs and 80% of cats survived to hospital discharge. In addition, the authors report the occurrence of a unique cause of herniation, termed an autopenetrating hernia.     

Dilated cardiomyopathy in cats: survey of veterinary cardiologists and retrospective evaluation of a possible association with diet

Introduction/objectivesThe objectives were to conduct a survey of cardiologists on their recent experiences with cats that have dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and to retrospectively review individual cases of feline DCM.Animals, materials and methodsPart one: A survey was distributed to cardiologists with questions regarding caseload and clinical management of cats with DCM diagnosed over the past two years. Part two: Cardiologists completing the survey were invited to submit data from cats recently diagnosed with DCM. Data on signalment, clinical signs, diet, echocardiographic measurements and outcome were recorded.ResultsPart one: From 52 completed surveys, many cardiologists responded that measuring and supplementing taurine and recommending a diet change in cats with DCM are common practices. Few (15%) cardiologists reported an increase in the number of feline DCM cases over the past two years, although some had cases that improved even if taurine deficiency was not present. Part two: Twenty of 37 (54%) cats ate low pea/lentil (low PL) diets, and 14/37 (38%) ate high PL diets at the time of diagnosis; three had incomplete diet information. Two of 13 cats (15%) in which taurine was measured had levels below the reference range. After adjusting for other variables, cats eating high PL diets that changed diets after diagnosis had a significantly longer survival time than that of cats eating high PL diets that did not change diets after diagnosis (P = 0.025).ConclusionsAdditional research is warranted to determine whether there could be a possible association between diet and DCM in cats.     

南京地区犬细小病毒基因型鉴定

为调查南京地区犬细小病毒(canine parvovirus,CPV)基因型分布情况,采集南京市某宠物医院2012-2019年犬细小病毒病患犬粪便43份作为检测病料,通过PCR扩增犬细小病毒VP2基因片段,并将扩增产物测序,分析CPV基因型.结果显示,43份病料皆扩增出目的片段,经测序后使用MegAlign软件与Gen...     

Serologic survey of domestic felids in the Petén region of Guatemala.

Blood samples were analyzed from 30 domestic cats (Felis domesticus) from the Petén region of Guatemala to determine the seroprevalence of common pathogens that may pose a potential risk to native wild felids. Eight of the cats had been vaccinated previously; however, owners were unable to fully describe the type of vaccine and date of administration. In addition, blood samples were obtained from two captive margays (Leopardus wiedii). Samples were tested for antibodies to feline immunodeficiency virus, Dirofilaria immitis, feline panleukopenia virus, feline herpesvirus, feline coronavirus, canine distemper virus, and Toxoplasma gondii and for feline leukemia virus (FeLV) antigen. Fifty percent or more of the cats sampled were seropositive for feline herpesvirus (22 of 30), feline panleukopenia (15 of 30), and T. gondii (16 of 30). Five cats were positive for FeLV antigen. Both margays were seropositive for feline coronavirus and one was strongly seropositive to T. gondii. All animals were seronegative for D. immitis. This survey provides preliminary information about feline diseases endemic to the Petén region.     

Neutropenia in dogs and cats: a retrospective study of 261 cases

Case records of 232 dogs and 29 cats with neutropenia were reviewed to examine the spectrum of underlying etiologies causing the neutropenia. Six etiological categories included nonbacterial infectious disease; increased demand due to marked inflammation, bacterial sepsis, or endotoxemia; drug-associated neutropenia; primary bone-marrow disease; immune-mediated neutropenia; and diseases of unclear etiology. The largest single category associated with the development of neutropenia was nonbacterial infectious disease (e.g., feline leukemia virus [FeLV], feline immunodeficiency virus [FIV], histoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and parvovirus), with parvovirus infection accounting for 47.1% of all cases. The least common (0.38%) cause was naturally occurring immune-mediated neutropenia.     

Clinical and laboratory findings in cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus

Thirty-two cats referred to the Feline Studies Centre between June 1987 and October 1988, and 14 in-contact cats, were found to be infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. Most of the 46 cats were non-pedigree and free ranging; 27 were male (19 neutered) and 19 were female (18 neutered). Their ages ranged from one to 17 years and the average age was 5.8 years. The most common clinical signs were lethargy, inappetence, weight loss, pyrexia and lymphadenopathy; most cases had multiple abnormalities. Other common signs were gingivitis, diarrhoea, rhinitis and ocular discharge. Eight cats had neoplasia. The commonest haematological abnormalities were anaemia, neutropenia, lymphopenia and monocytosis. Eight cats had lymphocytosis; seven of these were in a single house-hold. Several cats had high serum globulin levels and half of those tested had high IgG levels. Seven cats had no detectable antibody to feline immunodeficiency virus even though the virus was cultured from the peripheral blood lymphocytes. During follow-up for up to 60 weeks one cat died and 23 were destroyed on humane grounds.     

Prevalence of diseases of the spinal cord of cats

A retrospective review of records of 205 cats with histologically confirmed disease of the spinal cord was performed to identify the prevalence of disease in this nonrandomly selected population of cats. Clinical records were reviewed, and age, duration of neurologic illness, and clinical and histopathologic findings in cats with spinal cord disease were abstracted. Disease processes were classified into 7 categories and 23 groups. The most common diseases affecting the spinal cord of cats were feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), lymphosarcoma (LSA), and neoplasia of the vertebral column secondarily affecting the spinal cord. Information on age, onset and duration of clinical signs, and lesion localization at the postmortem examination in cats belonging to the 7 categories of disease were analyzed to create a practical list of differential diagnoses. Cats were also subcategorized into 3 groups based on their age at death. FIP was the most common disease of cats younger than 2 years of age. LSA and vertebral column neoplasia were the most common diseases affecting cats between 2 and 8 years of age. Vertebral column neoplasia was the most common disease affecting cats older than 8 years of age. Results of this histopathologic study showed that FIP and LSA were the most common disease processes affecting the spinal cord of cats. However, at least 21 other groups of diseases and their relative prevalence were identified.     

Feline exocrine pancreatic disorders.

Despite the uncommon clinical diagnosis, cats frequently suffer from disorders of the exocrine pancreas. Pancreatitis is the most common feline exocrine pancreatic disorder. Pancreatitis can be acute or chronic and mild or severe. The etiology of most cases of feline pancreatitis is idiopathic. Some cases have been associated with severe abdominal trauma, infectious diseases, cholangiohepatitis, and organophosphate and other drug intoxication. The clinical presentation of cats with pancreatitis is nonspecific. Vomiting and signs of abdominal pain, which are the clinical signs most commonly observed in humans and dogs with pancreatitis, are only uncommonly observed in cats with pancreatitis. Routine laboratory findings are also nonspecific. Abdominal ultrasonography is a valuable diagnostic tool in feline patients with pancreatitis. Serum activities of lipase and amylase are rarely increased in cats with pancreatitis; however, these cats often have elevated serum fTLI concentrations. The goals of management are removal of the inciting cause, provision of supportive and symptomatic therapy, and careful monitoring for and aggressive treatment of systemic complications. Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency is a syndrome caused by insufficient synthesis of pancreatic digestive enzymes by the exocrine portion of the pancrease. The clinical signs most commonly reported are weight loss, loose and voluminous stools, and greasy soiling of the hair coat. Serum fTLI is subnormal in affected cats. Treatment of cats with EPI consists of enzyme supplementation with powdered pancreatic extracts or raw beef pancreas. Many cats with EPI have concurrent small intestinal disease. Most cats with EPI also have severely decreased serum cobalamin concentrations and may require parenteral cobalamin supplementation. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is the most common neoplastic condition of the exocrine pancreas in the cat. At the time of diagnosis, the tumor has already metastasized in most cases, and the prognosis is poor. Pancreatic pseudocyst, pancreatic abscess, pancreatic parasites, pancreatic bladder, and nodular hyperplasia are other exocrine pancreatic disorders, that are less commonly seen in cats.     

大庆龙凤湿地春季鸟类多样性研究

大庆龙凤湿地在动物地理区划分上属于古北界,本次调查在其保护区内共发现鸟类71种,隶属10目27科,其中国家Ⅰ级保护动物3种,Ⅱ级保护动物11种,调查仅限于春季,一些保护区曾经出现过的国家珍稀保护动物没有被发现。由于保护区有大面积湿地,所以水禽种类占大多数,且数量众多。鸟类组成以夏候鸟为主,种类有42种,占总数的59.15%。本次调查中,古北界鸟类54种,占总数的76.06%;广布种17种,占总数的23.94%;没有东洋界鸟类的入侵。很多鸟类从这里迁徙和经过,且以古北区的鸟类为主。本次调查采用样带、样点和定点观察法,对保护区内的鸟类种类和数量做了调查统计,并分析出近几年来这里鸟类种类数量减少的原因。     

CNS disease in the cat: current knowledge of infectious causes

PRACTICAL RELEVANCE: Neurological disease is a relatively common reason for referral, constituting approximately 10% of the feline referral caseload. Nearly one-third to one-half of these cases may be infectious in origin. As such, an awareness of infectious diseases causing central nervous system (CNS) signs in cats, and their clinical diagnosis and management, is relevant to anyone dealing with cats on a regular basis. GLOBAL IMPORTANCE: Some conditions (eg, rabies) are more common in certain countries than others. Conditions such as feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) and toxoplasmosis are of global significance. PATIENT GROUP: Many infectious diseases may affect any feline population. Some, such as FIP, are more common in pedigree households, whereas others such as toxoplasmosis, feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) or feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) infections, are more likely to affect a single cat with an outdoor lifestyle. EQUIPMENT: All patients benefit from thorough history taking and clinical, neurological and ophthalmic examinations, which all require minimal equipment. Infectious diseases may often be diagnosed on blood samples; however, definitive diagnosis may require more extensive investigation involving cerebrospinal fluid analysis or advanced imaging necessitating access to computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. EVIDENCE BASE: The information in this review, which summarises current knowledge of infectious diseases affecting the CNS, is collated from publications on the infectious diseases comprising previous research papers, review articles, case series, case reports and textbooks, supplemented by the clinical experience of the authors.