共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 265 毫秒
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丝状噬菌体展示技术是将外源蛋白通过与丝状噬菌体外壳蛋白融合而表达于噬菌体颗粒的表面。自问世以来,它已被应用于生物科学的许多领域,其中最具吸引力的是抗体工程,利用该技术可构建不同的抗体库,从而获得针对不同抗原的抗体。本文着重介绍了丝状噬菌体的生物学特征... 相似文献
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奶牛乳房炎一直是困扰养牛业的顽疾。诱发奶牛乳房炎的致病菌通常包括金黄色葡萄球菌、无乳链球菌等致病菌,停乳链球菌、乳房链球菌、大肠埃希菌等环境致病菌以及表皮葡萄球菌、腐生葡萄球菌、模仿葡萄球菌等机会性致病菌。噬菌体是一类细菌依赖性的病毒,可通过内溶素抑制肽聚糖的合成,或利用穿孔素-内溶素系统水解肽聚糖。在体外试验中,噬菌体及其内溶素可溶解、抑制细菌生物膜,裂解乳房炎致病菌;在体内试验中,可清除感染动物体内的乳房炎致病菌,对奶牛乳房炎具有治疗效果。因此,噬菌体及其内溶素在奶牛乳房炎治疗方面具有良好的应用前景。 相似文献
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益生菌在健康硬骨鱼肠道中不仅起到抑制致病微生物的作用,而且更重要的是,益生菌能够刺激和增强肠道黏膜免疫系统,在肠道免疫中起重要作用。近年来,硬骨鱼黏膜免疫因其多样性及其不明确的定义,已成为热门的研究课题。硬骨鱼与水生环境直接接触,使肠道黏膜表面易受各种病原体的侵袭。免疫调节是硬骨鱼中有效的预防性措施,而益生菌能够提高肠道黏膜表面固有的免疫活性细胞和因子,对病原体起颉颃作用。益生菌主要通过口服方式进入鱼体,而肠道作为其主要靶器官,对鱼体产生特异性免疫应答。因此,关于益生菌影响肠道黏膜免疫系统的研究值得关注。相比于哺乳动物,硬骨鱼具有更加弥散的肠淋巴系统。局部免疫应答所必需的免疫细胞大量存在于肠道黏膜中,并且可以在免疫后的鱼体肠道中监测到局部免疫应答。文章综述了近年来硬骨鱼肠道黏膜免疫系统以及益生菌对硬骨鱼肠道黏膜免疫的影响,并对鱼类益生菌的进一步研究进行了展望,以期为后续研究益生菌与硬骨鱼之间相互作用提供参考。 相似文献
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There are a large number of microorganisms in the porcine intestinal tract. These microorganisms and their metabolites contribute to intestinal mucosal immunity, which is of great importance to the health of the host. The host immune system can regulate the distribution and composition of intestinal microorganisms and regulate the homeostasis of intestinal flora by secreting a variety of immune effector factors, such as mucin, secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), regenerating islet-derived III (RegIII)γ, and defensin. Conversely, intestinal microorganisms can also promote the differentiation of immune cells including regulatory T cells (Treg) and Th17 cells through their specific components or metabolites. Studies have shown that imbalances in the intestinal flora can lead to bacterial translocation and compromised intestinal barrier function, affecting the health of the body. This review focuses on the composition of the pig intestinal flora and the characteristics of intestinal mucosal immunity, discusses the interaction mechanism between the flora and intestinal mucosal immunity, as well as the regulation through fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), dietary nutritional composition, probiotics and prebiotics of pig intestinal microecology. Finally, this review provides insights into the relationship between intestinal microorganisms and the mucosal immune system. 相似文献
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减毒沙门氏菌在疫苗和疫苗载体方面的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
沙门氏菌不仅可以用作疫苗,也是理想的疫苗载体,已受到医学与兽医学的广泛重视。沙门氏菌可以经黏膜途径免疫(口服或鼻内),操作方便,对接种对象刺激小;此外,沙门氏菌为胞内侵袭细菌,能有效递呈抗原,激发抗沙门氏菌和诱导外源蛋白的特异性体液免疫反应与细胞免疫反应,并能同时诱导黏膜免疫与全身免疫。文章对沙门氏菌的入侵机制、免疫机理及其在疫苗中的应用状况进行了综述,为新型疫苗的研究提供参考。 相似文献
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试验旨在筛选肉鸡弯曲杆菌特异性裂解型噬菌体并对其在肉鸡生产中的合理应用进行探讨。从肉鸡屠宰场收集弯曲杆菌噬菌体筛选样本,通过与当地肉鸡弯曲杆菌流行株共孵育、增殖、纯化获得特异性弯曲杆菌噬菌体。对上述弯曲杆菌噬菌体生物学特性(宿主范围、致死曲线、形态学特征等)进行鉴定;将筛选得到的弯曲杆菌噬菌体作为饲料添加剂,以5×107、1×108、5×108、1×109和5×109 PFU/d 5个添加量添加于38日龄雄性罗斯308肉鸡饲粮中,观察不同噬菌体添加量对肉鸡盲肠内容物中弯曲杆菌的清除效果;最后通过比较2种噬菌体不同配比条件对肉鸡弯曲杆菌清除率及对肉鸡生长性能的影响建立使用方案。结果显示,试验从当地肉鸡屠宰场以空肠弯曲杆菌标准株L26为宿主菌共分离到12株空肠弯曲杆菌噬菌体,与从肉鸡养殖场分离的7株空肠弯曲杆菌共孵育,并选择裂解谱广且噬菌斑大的噬菌体BP11和BP12进行纯化和增殖。经形态学鉴定,2株噬菌体均符合肌尾噬菌体科(Myoviridae)特征,并具有较宽的裂解谱,但二者对相同宿主菌的裂解能力表现差异性;BP11添加量为1×109 PFU/d,BP12添加量为5×108 PFU/d时均能达到显著裂解效果;BP11与BP12混合添加组在不影响屠宰指标的前提下可显著降低肉鸡泄殖腔弯曲杆菌携带量。本研究结果为肉鸡生产过程中弯曲杆菌污染的防控及噬菌体的合理利用奠定理论基础。 相似文献
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寄生虫病严重影响全球人类、动物的健康安全,所带来的经济损失巨大。因此,有必要研制针对寄生虫病的疫苗,以阻断寄生虫病在动物与动物、动物与人类之间的传播。寄生虫存在多种免疫逃避机制,已开发的亚单位疫苗、减毒活疫苗、灭活疫苗均未达到理想的预防效果,且商品化疫苗多为针剂疫苗,普通针剂疫苗操作繁琐、运输储藏要求高且易使动物发生应激,直接影响经济成本,因此在实际生产当中需更多操作简单、便于储存、免疫成本更低的新型疫苗,以有效防控寄生虫病。诸多研究表明口服疫苗操作方便,只需通过口服方式投喂且宿主获得的抗体效价水平较高,有望成为预防寄生虫病的有效手段。口服疫苗是一种新型疫苗,依靠宿主的黏膜免疫系统来产生作用,即通过机体黏膜表面接种便可同时诱导机体产生持久的黏膜免疫、体液免疫和细胞免疫,为宿主提供高效的免疫保护。与传统疫苗相比,口服疫苗最显著的优点就是便于接种且应激小,还能形成强大的黏膜免疫屏障。但胃肠道的环境及易形成免疫耐受等因素也为口服疫苗的开发带来很大的挑战。笔者就黏膜免疫系统与口服疫苗作用机理、近几年寄生虫口服疫苗的研究进展及优点与挑战进行综述,以期为寄生虫口服疫苗的开发提供理论依据。 相似文献
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Smiałek M Tykałowski B Stenzel T Koncicki A 《Polish journal of veterinary sciences》2011,14(2):291-297
This review article presents fundamental mechanisms of the local mucosal immunity in selected regions of the respiratory tract in healthy birds and in some pathological conditions. The respiratory system, whose mucosa come into direct contact with microorganisms contaminating inhaled air, has some associated structures, such as Harderian gland (HG), conjunctive-associated lymphoid tissue (CALT) and paranasal glands (PG), whose participation in local mechanisms of the mucosal immunity has been corroborated by numerous scientific studies. The nasal mucosa, with structured clusters of lymphoid tissue (NALT - nasal-associated lymphoid tissue) is the first to come into contact with microorganisms which contaminate inhaled air. Lymphoid nodules, made up of B cells with frequently developed germinal centres (GC), surrounded by a coat of CD4+ cells, are the major NALT structures in chickens, whereas CD8+ cells are situated in the epithelium and in the lamina propria of the nasal cavity mucosa. Studies into respiratory system infections (e.g. Mycoplasma gallisepticum) have shown the reactivity of the tracheal mucosa to infection, despite a lack of essential lymphoid tissue. Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) takes part in bronchial immune processes and its structure, topography and ability to perform defensive function in birds is largely age-dependent. Mature BALT is covered by a delicate layer of epithelial cells, called follicle-associated epithelium (FAE). Germinal centres (GC), surrounded by CD4+ cells are developed in most mature BALT nodules, while CD8+ lymphocytes are dispersed among lymphoid nodules and in the epithelium, and they are rarely present in GC. Macrophages make up the first line of defence mechanisms through which the host rapidly responds to microorganisms and their products in the respiratory mucosal system. Another very important element are polymorphonuclear cells, with heterophils being the most important of them. Phagocytic cells obtained from lung lavages in birds are referred to as FARM (free avian respiratory macrophages). Their number in chickens and turkeys is estimated to be 20 times lower than that in mice and rats, which indicates a deficit in the first-line of defence in the birds' respiratory system. There are numerous B cells and antibody secreting cells (ASC) present throughout the respiratory system in birds. Their role comes down to perform antigen-specific protection by producing antibodies (IgM, IgY or IgA class) as a result of contact with pathogenic factors. 相似文献