长白猪和大白猪繁殖性状遗传参数估计

本研究旨在分析长白和大白母猪不同胎次的繁殖性能,并利用不同的分析模型对其繁殖性状进行遗传参数估计.利用R语言对812头长白猪和2153头大白猪的繁殖性状进行统计,ASReml软件的GLM模型分析年份、季节、胎次、妊娠周期对长白和大白猪繁殖性状的影响,同时利用简单模型和重复力模型计算各性状的遗传方差组分、遗传力、表型相关...     

长白、大白猪窝性状遗传参数估计

本研究旨在估计北京、天津地区长白猪、大白猪窝性状的遗传参数,为该群体进一步制定合理的育种计划和方案提供依据。收集种猪场2016—2021年3 906头长白母猪的11 583窝数据和22 070头大白母猪的62 210窝数据,利用R v4.2.2软件对影响窝性状的固定效应进行显著性检验,运用DMU 6.0软件对长白猪、大白猪的总产仔数（Total Number Born,TNB）、产活仔数（Number Born Alive,NBA）、初生窝重（Litter Birth Weight,LBW）、平均个体初生重（AverageBirth Weight,ABW）、仔猪均匀度（PigletUniformity,PU）进行遗传参数估计,采用单性状重复力模型估计各性状的方差组分,采用双性状动物模型估计性状之间的遗传相关,并分析分娩胎次对各性状的影响。结果显示：分娩场次、年份、胎次对窝性状影响显著（P<0.001）,长白猪的TNB、NBA、LBW、ABW、PU遗传力分别为0.095±0.015、0.090±0.014、0.106±0.017、0.192±0.021、0.023±0.014,大白...     

大白猪乳头数对繁殖性状的影响及其遗传参数估计

本研究主要对大白猪的繁殖性状和乳头数进行遗传参数估计,评估遗传趋势和表型趋势,并探究乳头数对母猪繁殖性状的影响。将乳头数作为繁殖性状的固定效应,对影响大白猪繁殖性状的固定效应进行方差分析,运用DMU软件的DMUAI和DMU4模块,利用单/多性状动物模型估计大白猪繁殖性状和乳头数的遗传参数,并评估这些性状的遗传趋势和表型趋势。结果发现,乳头数对校正21日龄窝重的影响在P<0.05水平显著,对校正21日龄均重的影响在P<0.001水平显著;大白猪乳头数的遗传力为0.156±0.023,属于中等遗传力性状,各繁殖性状的遗传力范围为0.010～0.092,属于低遗传力性状;各繁殖性状遗传相关的范围为-0.306～0.978,表型相关的范围为-0.055～0.970;各繁殖性状的遗传趋势和表型趋势均为先下降后上升,表明该群体的繁殖性状早期选育成效不佳,但在选育后期有所提升。乳头数和校正21日龄均重的遗传趋势和表型趋势波动比较大,表明这2个性状在该群体中并未被选育,在后期选育时,该群体应注重乳头数的选育,以提高大白母猪的繁殖性能。     

湖北白猪优质系主要生长和胴体性状的遗传参数估测

本研究应用多性状动物模型DFREML方法估计了湖北白猪优质系生长和胴体性状的遗传参数。生长性状：平均日增重（ADG）、90 kg体重日龄（DAYS）、达90 kg体重背膘厚（BF）和饲料转化率（FCR）的遗传力估计值分别为0.42、0.34、0.22和0.48。各性状均存在一定的窝效应,变化范围为0.09～0.31。胴体性状：宰前活重、胴体重、屠宰率、瘦肉率、眼肌面积、肋膘厚、腿臀比、胴体直长、肋皮厚和肌内脂肪含量的遗传力分别为0.13、0.21、0.32、0.45、0.67、0.52、0.48、0.65、0.72和0.32。生长性状ADG/DAYS、ADG/BF、ADG/FCR、DAYS/BF、DAYS/FCR、BF/FCR的遗传相关分别为-0.72、0.25、-0.48、-0.17、0.55和-0.04。胴体性状眼肌面积、腿臀比与瘦肉率的遗传相关分别为0.62、0.59,肌内脂肪含量与瘦肉率、眼肌面积和腿臀比的遗传相关分别为-0.28、-0.15和-0.23。     

用MTDFREML方法估计大白猪遗传参数

本研究应用ＭＴＤＦＲＥＭＬ方法对３４１窝大白猪选育群和１４７０头测定猪繁殖性状、生长性状、体型性状等进行遗传力和遗传相关估计,窝总产仔数和活产仔数遗传力分别是０．１１和０．１３。１６５日龄校正体重的遗传力是０．３１。校正背膘厚遗传力０．３８～０．５０。窝总产仔数与校正体重的遗传相关为－０．０２。窝总产仔数与肩部、腰部、荐部及三点平均膘厚的校正背膘厚的遗传相关是－０．３４～－０．６６。活产仔数与校正背膘厚的遗传相关是－０．０８～－０．１１。     

湖北白猪繁殖性状的遗传分析

为了研究湖北白猪繁殖性状的遗传规律，对湖北白猪的１３头公猪及其８０窝后代的繁殖性状表型参数和遗传进行了初步的估测。结果为平均产仔数１０．２４头，产活仔数８．８１头，新奶头数８．０２５头，初生窝重１１．７９ｋｇ，泌乳力３８．０８ｋｇ，断奶窝重１４８．１９ｋｇ，初生个体重１．３２ｋｇ，断奶个体重１８．８７ｋｇ乳头数１３．８５个，２０日龄个体重４．７０ｋｇ，妊娠期１１４．１４天，遗传力分别为０．１５８．     

大白猪繁殖和生产性状母体遗传效应估计

用非求导约束最大似然法估计了大白猪部分性状的直接和母体遗传效应。总产仔数,活产仔数和初生重的直接效应遗传力分别为０．１５,０．２５和０．０９,母体效应的遗传力分别为０．１２,０．１９和０．６４,直接和母体效应间遗传相关分别为－０．５４,－０．１８,和０．６６。     

长白猪生长发育性状的遗传参数估测

根据1991-2000年春杭州市种猪试验场进行的“中国瘦肉猪新品系长白猪Siv系”选育试验，第2-10世代共2384头后备猪的生长发育性能测定记录，用非求导REML法分析了12个性状的遗传参数，其中日增重等4个性状的遗传力较高，在0.46-0.59之间。体长等6个性状遗传力中等，在0.19-0.37之间。6月龄体重与日增重、胸宽、校正膘厚的遗传相关分别为0.99，0.55，0.33。达90kg体重日龄与2月龄个体重的遗传相关为-0.77。体高与饲料转化率之间的遗传相关为0.95。     

Genetic analysis for sow stayability at different parities in purebred Landrace and Large White pigs

Genetic parameters for sow stayability were estimated from farrowing records of 10,295 Landrace sows and 8192 Large White sows. The record for sow stayability from parity k to parity k + 1 (k = 1, …, 6) was 0 when a sow had a farrowing record at parity k but not at parity k + 1, and 1 when a sow had both records. Heritability was estimated by using single-trait linear and threshold animal models. Genetic correlations among parities were estimated by using two-trait linear–linear and single-trait random regression linear animal models. Genetic correlations with litter traits at birth were estimated by using a two-trait linear–linear animal model. Heritability estimates by linear model analysis were low (0.065–0.119 in Landrace & 0.061–0.157 in Large White); those by threshold model analysis were higher (0.136–0.200 & 0.110–0.283). Genetic correlations among parities differed between breeds and models. Genetic correlation between sow stayability and number born alive was positive in many cases, implying that selection for number born alive does not reduce sow stayability. The results seem to be affected by decisions on culling made by farmers.     

陆川猪和大白猪胰岛素样生长因子2基因对生长性状的效应分析

试验旨在探讨陆川猪和大白猪胰岛素样生长因子2(insulin-like growth factor-2,IGF2)基因多态性与生长性状的关系,以期为猪生产性状标记辅助选择侯选基因的选择提供理论依据。采用PCR-SSCP技术,在陆川猪和大白猪群体中检测到了1个SNP位点,并将这个SNP位点与生长性状进行关联分析。结果表明,IGF2基因对陆川猪和大白猪初生重、平均日增重影响均显著(P<0.05),对断奶重的影响在大白猪上显著(P<0.05),在陆川猪上不显著(P>0.05),可作为用于育种实践的分子遗传标记。     

番鸭生长性状遗传参数的估测

对白羽番鸭RF系各阶段的生长性状进行表型分析和遗传参数估计。结果：各阶段的体重遗传力较高，日增重的遗传力中等，而0－70日龄料肉比和0－84日龄料肉比遗传力偏低。同时还表明，各阶段体重之间和日增重之间存在较强的正遗传相关，而各阶段日增重与料肉比之间存在不同程度的负遗传相关。生长性状遗传相关的变化范围在－0．824－0．912。     

Genetic Parameter Estimation and Affecting Factor Analysis of Reproduction Traits in Large White Sow

In this study,7 945 litter records from 2 904 Large White sows were used to determine the effect of parity,mating season and the classified gestation length on total number born (TNB),number born alive (NBA),number healthy birth (NHB),number weak birth (NWB),deform fetus,number born dead (NBD),mummy fetus and stillbirth. Genetic parameters and genetic correlation of the above reproduction traits were estimated by restricted maximum likelihood (REML) procedure.The results indicated that the parity had non-significant effect on deform fetus (P=0.2619) and mummy fetus (P=0.4639),but had significant effect on other 7 reproduction traits (P <0.01).The effect of mating season on gestation length,NBA,NWB,mummy fetus,NBD and NHB were highly significant (P <0.01),while mating season effect on deform fetus was not significant (P=0.3993).Moreover,the effect of mating season on TNB and stillbirth were significant (P <0.05).Effect of different gestation length classification was significant on mummy fetus (P <0.05),and was highly significant on the other 7 traits (P <0.01).The gestation length got the highest heritability,at 0.34,while others below 0.2 as low heritability traits.There was a negative genetic correlation (r_g=-0.10) between gestation length and TNB,while a strong positive genetic correlation exists among TNB,NBA and NHB (r_g >0.80).The genetic correlation between gestation length and other reproductive traits was low,the highest one appears between gestation length and deform fetus reached -0.17.We concluded that the gestation length was medium heritability trait,it was influenced not only by environment factors (such as parity,mating season) but also reproductive traits like TNB,and gestation length could be used as an indirect indicator in pig production.     

通城、瑞典长白、英国大白及其三元杂种猪部分免疫性状研究

通城猪是华中两头乌猪中的一个优良类群，具有肉质细嫩鲜美、耐粗饲、适应性广、抗病力强、遗传性稳定、杂交配合力好等特性，2000年被列入全国第一批国家级畜禽品种资源保护名录。地方猪普遍具有抗病力强的突出优点，这种抗病力多为一般抗病力。一般抗病力是机体对疾病的整体防御功能的体现，如何度量尚无统一规定，对其研究目前还欠深入。机体的免疫力可分为先天性免疫和获得性免疫(对疾病的抵抗力也分为先天性抗性和获得性抗性)，而获得性免疫又分为体液免疫和细胞免疫，     

大白猪繁殖性状遗传参数估计及影响因素的效应分析

本研究对7 945窝大白母猪妊娠周期、总产仔数、产活仔数、健仔数、弱仔数、畸形数、死仔数、木乃伊及死胎数9个繁殖性状进行了最小二乘分析,分析了胎次、配种季节及妊娠周期分类对母猪繁殖性能的影响;并利用动物模型REML(约束最大似然)方法估计动物繁殖性状的遗传力及性状之间的遗传相关.结果表明,胎次对畸形数(P=0.2619)和木乃伊(P=0.4639)影响不显著(P >0.05),对其他7个繁殖性状影响极显著(P <0.01);配种季节对妊娠周期、产活仔数、弱仔数、木乃伊、死仔数及健仔数影响极显著(P <0.01),对畸形数(P=0.3993)影响不显著(P> 0.05),对总产仔数和死胎数影响显著(P <0.05).妊娠周期对木乃伊影响显著(P <0.05),对其他7个性状影响极显著(P <0.01).妊娠周期遗传力最高,为0.34,其他繁殖性状遗传力都低于0.2,为低遗传力性状.总产仔数与妊娠周期之间存在负遗传相关(r_g=-0.10),与产活仔数及健仔数之间存在较强的正遗传相关,遗传相关都超过0.80.妊娠周期与其他繁殖性状之间的遗传相关较小,最高的为妊娠周期与畸形数之间的遗传相关为-0.17.由此得出结论,妊娠周期属于中等遗传力性状,妊娠周期不仅受到胎次、季节等环境因素的影响,而且也受总产仔数等繁殖性状的影响,妊娠周期可作为养猪生产的间接指标.     

Impact of MYOD family genes on pork traits in Large White and Landrace pigs

Summary Porcine myogenic differentiation genes ( MYOD ) family play a key role in growth and muscle development and are therefore considered as candidate genes for meat production traits. The objective of the study was to investigate the polymorphisms at four loci belonging to the MYOD genes family and analyse their associations with variation in meat production traits in Czech pig breeds. To verify the associations between the polymorphisms and the selected meat traits, altogether 254 pigs, including full- and half-sibs, of Large White and Landrace breeds were tested. The studied meat characteristics were weight of neck, loin, shoulder and ham, lean meat content (LMC), backfat thickness, intramuscular fat (IMF), remission, dry matter content and test daily gain. Statistically significant associations were observed between MYOG gene and fat and neck weight, and between MYF5 gene and IMF and LMC. High significant differences were observed between genotypes AA and AB of MYOD1 in IMF and between genotypes AB and BB of MYF5 in loin weight.     

Estimation of genetic parameters for farrowing traits in purebred Landrace and Large White pigs

Genetic parameters were estimated for six reproductive traits related to farrowing events in Landrace and Large White pigs; total number born (TNB), number born alive (NBA), number stillborn (NSB), total litter weight at birth (LWB), mean litter weight at birth (MWB), and gestation length (GL). We analyzed 62,534 farrowing records for 10,637 Landrace dams and 49,817 farrowing records for 8,649 Large White dams. Estimated heritabilities of TNB, NBA, NSB, LWB, MWB, and GL by single‐trait repeatability model analyses were 0.12, 0.12, 0.08, 0.18, 0.19, and 0.29, respectively, in Landrace, and 0.12, 0.10, 0.08, 0.18, 0.16, and 0.34, respectively, in Large White. Genetic correlation between NBA and NSB was unfavorable: 0.20 in Landrace and 0.33 in Large White. Genetic correlations of GL with the other five traits were weak: from ?0.18 with NSB to ?0.03 with NBA in Landrace, and from ?0.22 with NSB to ?0.07 with NBA in Large White. LWB had a highly favorable genetic correlation with NBA (0.74 in both breeds), indicating the possibility of using LWB for the genetic improvement of NBA.     

北京鸭生长发育性状遗传参数的估计

本文以Z型北京鸭为研究对象,采用个体动物模型,运用遗传参数估计软件MTDFREML估计了Z型北京鸭6周龄时生长发育性状和屠宰性状的遗传参数。结果表明,体重、屠体重、胸肌重、全净膛、皮脂率、胸肌厚度、胸肌体积、胫骨长和脂肪率为高遗传力性状;腹脂重、背加腹部皮脂厚、胸肌率、腹脂率、腹部皮脂厚、胸宽、龙骨长、胸深和瘦肉率为中等遗传力性状;腿肌重、皮脂重、腿肌率、背部皮脂厚和颈长为低遗传力性状。     

大白猪和长白猪EPOR基因第4内含子多态性与繁殖性状的关联分析

本研究以大白猪和长白猪为研究对象,以促红细胞生成素受体(erythropoietin receptor,EPOR)基因作为产仔性状的候选基因,采用PCR-SSCP方法来检测EPOR基因第4内含子C\T突变多态性,研究此位点多态性与猪繁殖性状之间的关联性。结果发现,在长白猪和大白猪中存在AA、AB和BB共3种基因型,在2个群体中处于中度多态。利用SAS 8.0软件采用最小二乘法拟合线性模型,将不同基因型与总产仔数(TNB)、产活仔数(NBA)和初生重(WB)进行了关联分析,结果表明,长白猪初产母猪BB基因型个体的WB显著高于AB、AA基因型个体(P<0.05);经产母猪BB基因型个体的TNB显著高于AB基因型个体(P<0.05);B等位基因对初产母猪TNB、NBA和WB均表现为正效应。大白猪初产母猪BB基因型个体的TNB、NBA和WB都高于AA型和AB型个体,但差异均不显著(P>0.05);经产母猪AB基因型个体的WB显著高于AA基因型个体(P<0.05);B等位基因对初产母猪TNB、NBA和WB都表现为正效应。