东吾洋中国对虾的移植放流

1986～1990年在东吾洋水域放流中国对虾(Penaeus orientalis)种苗70919万尾,其中96.2%是末经中间培育,体长为8～15mm 的仔虾。共回捕对虾917t,年平均回捕率5.02%,优化了东吾洋对虾种类结构和数量组成。东吾洋中国对虾移植性放流增殖取得了显著的经济、社会和生态效益。还探讨了东吾洋中国对虾的放流时间、海区和增殖前景。     

包装密度对放流对虾仔虾存活的影响

对中国对虾和日本对虾仔虾不同包装密度下的存活率进行监测,在获得各时间段仔虾的存活率及其存活时间的同时,得出不同包装密度下中国对虾仔虾存活率差异显著（P〈0．05）,日本对虾仔虾存活率差异极显著（P〈0．01）,2种对虾仔虾存活率与包装密度呈负相关。结合增殖放流实际,给出了放流对虾仔虾最适包装密度。     

东吾洋中国对虾移植放流效果的研究

本文根据1986～1995年在东吾洋水域放流的97948万尾中国对虾种苗材料,研究了移植放流虾在放流海区及福宁湾海区的分布和移动规律,阐明了中国对虾已在东海南部福宁湾海区繁衍生息并形成了自然的生殖群体。此外,还分析了不同规格苗种的放流效益比较,得出在东吾洋放流平均体长在10mm的虾苗,其年均回捕率可达5.26％的增殖效果。     

黄海北部中国对虾放流增殖渔业目前存在的主要问题

黄海北部中国对虾放流增殖渔业目前存在的主要问题佟万金李培军（丹东市渔业指挥部１１８０００）（辽宁省海洋水产研究所大连１１６０２３）黄海北部中国对虾放流增殖从１９８５年至１９９２年共放流平均体长３ｃｍ以上对虾种苗９７亿尾，回捕增殖虾１７９００多吨（包括...     

放流增殖对虾病毒检测报告

为了解黄海北部中国对虾放流增殖回捕率下降原因 ,1 995～ 1 998年我们对在黄海北部中国对虾 (Ｐｅ ｎａｅｕｓｃｈｉｎｅｓｅ)放流的仔、幼虾进行了病毒检测。现将检测结果报告如下。1　检测方法样品分别取自育苗室放流用的 1ｃｍ仔虾、暂养期内及放流入海时的 2～ 3ｃｍ仔、幼虾和第一、第二航次调查的幼虾 ,体长 5～ 7ｃｍ。用两种方法测定病毒感染。用切片镜检方法检出的是发病个体。用核酸探针方法检出的称皮下及造血组织坏死杆状病毒 (ＨＨＮＢＶ)分四级 ,“十”指ＨＨＮ ＢＶ阳性 ,阳性弱 ,达到检测灵敏度 ;“ ”指阳性 ,较弱 ,易于…     

黄海北部中国对虾增殖渔业管理探讨

增殖渔业的管理与水生自然鱼类种群的管理大同小异。对于增殖渔业来说，每年的放流量是一个可控变量，另有购买放流种苗、暂养、计数和控制放流日期对增殖效果至关重要，这些均属管理范围。本文仅讨论黄海北部中国对虾增殖渔业放流个体入海后到渔汛结束的管理问题，分一般性保护和管理策略两个部分。 一、一般性保护 一般性保护指的是防止放流个体入海后到开捕期这个时段内的人为损害，时间是从６月初放流时开始到开捕期８月２０日左右，前后约８０天，根据放流虾生长特性和栖息水域不同划分为前期管理和后期管理。 １．前期管理 前期管理是…     

渤海对虾放流增殖的研究

本文首次提出了对虾前期幼虾的标志方法,论述了放流方法与增殖效果的关系。指出在渤海莱州湾水域放流幼虾的适宜时间、地点和个体规格。可以确认,在渤海放流对虾苗种增殖对虾资源,不仅是可行的而且是必要的。     

辽东湾中国对虾标志放流及其增殖效果的研究

本文根据辽东湾中国对虾标志放流实验与重捕资料，对辽东湾中国对虾放流场的选择、种苗的放流规格和放流增殖效果进行了研究。根据上述实验分析表明，在辽河口海区进行对虾放流增殖是较理想的场所，在秋汛生产期洄游分布遍及辽东湾传统的中心渔场；放流种苗的适宜体长规格为5cm以上，回捕率较高，最高达3．31％。这将对辽东湾生产性对虾放流提供科学的依据。     

种苗的移殖放流

因为种苗生产技术的进步，可以得到大量的种苗，但如何使这些种苗结合到合理性生产上则仍然还是问题。养殖与增殖固然是两个方面，后者通过移殖放流技术，对鱼、贝类的生产是重要的，它要求种苗的规格大，身体健壮，以适合增殖和养殖的目的，真牡蛎正是采用抑制技术而得到优良种苗的。在这里，就增殖水产生物为目的的移殖放流技术、近岸资源生物(鲍鱼类、海胆类)以及真牡蛎作详细叙述。     

2万公斤鱼苗放流沅水常德市在西洞庭湖区举行大规模鱼类种苗人工增殖放流活动

本刊讯２００２年３月５日上午１０时，由常德市畜牧水产局具体组织实施的“常德市鱼类种苗人工增殖放流仪式”在沅水流域市城区河段隆重举行，２万公斤鱼苗成功放流沅水，其中草鱼种苗０．４万公斤、鲢鳙种苗１．５万公斤、青鱼种苗０．１万公斤。这是该市继在津市西湖水域人工放流中华鲟后的又一次大型活动，同时也是建国以来该市首次在沅水流域举行的大规模鱼类种苗人工增殖放流活动。鱼类种苗人工增殖放流是增殖渔业水域资源、维护渔业生态平衡、提高渔业经济效益和社会效益的重要手段，是事关渔业生产可持续发展和广大渔民切身利益的大…     

塑料大棚高密度培育早茬虾苗技术研究

塑料大棚充气培育早茬虾苗，每亩放养体长０．７ｃｍ虾苗１０００万尾以上，培育２０天左右出棚，虾苗平均体长１．６２ｃｍ，成活率５０％左右，两年平均每公顷创利２５０５７５元。１９９２年１１月专家鉴定认为，本技术达到国内先进水平。     

魁蚶底播增殖的试验研究

魁对是一种适应性强、生态效率高的大型经济贝类。种苗投放后成活率可达99%,1年后的回捕率在50%以上;在满足魁蚶习性要求的一般条件下,选择敌害少,海底稳定性好的海区是增殖成败的关键。蟹类(如梭子蟹、日本虫寻)对种苗危害极大,并可能导致“全军覆没”的后果;种苗放流没有严格的时间要求.壳长2.0～2.5cm 可作为放流种苗的标准规格。放流1～1.5年后可达5～7cm 商品规格,增殖效果显著,适用于生产性魁蚶资源增殖放流。     

长江常熟溆浦段中华鲟幼鱼出现时间与数量变动

2002-2009年,依托长江渔业资源管理委员会办公室设立在长江常熟溆浦江段的渔业资源监测网(定置张网),对降河中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis)幼鱼进行了监测分析.结果表明,中华鲟幼鱼每年主要于5-7月在常熟溆浦江段出现,出现时间平均86.6 d(n=8),所采获样本(n=8)全长、体长和体质量年度平均值的变化范围分别为25.2～40.1cm、23.2～33.5em和70.7～314.8g.各年采获样本数量差异较大,从2002至2009年呈现出较明显的递减趋势,各年采获样本数量最多的旬也不一致,变化时间为5月中旬至6月下旬.从幼鲟生长来看,不同年份相同时期采获样本的规格差异较大,同一年份同一时间采获样本的规格也存在一定的差异.与三峡工程截流以前进行比较,中华鲟幼鱼在长江口出现的时间没有明显变化,但出现较高数量比例的时间由以前的6月变为5月中下旬和6月,幼鲟规格较截流前也有较大变化,推测造成这种改变的原因可能是因为人工增殖放流活动和三峡工程截流所导致的水文状况的变化.分析认为,水文状况可能是影响中华鲟幼鱼到达长江口时间的重要因素之一.     

莱州湾海蜇人工育苗技术的研究

通过３年莱州湾海蜇人工育苗和放流试验，对育苗设施，亲蜇采捕，运输和暂养技术，对产卵孵化，对浮浪幼虫、螅状幼体、碟状体的培育技术，对足囊繁殖和横裂生殖习性以及出苗放流方法进行了研究，１９９５年７月专家鉴定认为，本技术在国内外尚无先例，在国内达到先进水平，其中检验海蜇放流增殖效果的方法属国内首例。     

Effect of live algae used as green water on survival,growth, behaviour,ontogeny and bacterial profile of lobster larvae (Homarus americanus Milne Edwards)

Green water is a technique commonly used in aquaculture, that consists of adding live algae in the water culture and its benefits have been shown for several species. Several hypotheses exist to explain the benefits of green water: increase in nutritional value; action as a probiotic; increase in contrast to reveal preys for larvae; or increase in predator behaviour of larvae. Green water produced with a mix of strains Isochrysis galbana and Chaetoceros muelleri (50:50, cells:cells) applied in four different ways was tested. The survival and the growth of American lobster (Homarus americanus) between stage I and stage IV post‐larvae were not affected by the addition of live algae. The lipid classes were not affected by the addition of algae and limited variation was observed in the fatty acids and bacterial profiles. Furthermore, the green water techniques had a limited effect on the behaviour of post‐larvae stage IV lobster at releasing. Behaviour was mostly affected by the age of post‐larvae. The bacteria Lewinella sp., Leucothrix sp. and Thiothrix sp. appeared to represent a common and core component of Stage IV lobster post‐larvae microflora. The results show that the algae do not increase either nutritional value or feed intake of the lobster larvae. Probiotic effect may be more important when larvae are raised in a close system where potential bacterial pathogens could have more chances to colonize the culture. Also, the dark green colour of the larval tank used in this study may have mimicked the effect of green water in the control group. Biochemical results suggest that dietary supplementation with phospholipids and DHA is needed in a lobster hatchery using frozen Artemia and our open formula Dry mix.     

Spawning behaviour,early development and first feeding of the bluestriped angelfish [Chaetodontoplus septentrionalis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844)] in captivity

Successful natural spawning of Chaetodontoplus septentrionalis in captivity from 19 March to 11 May, 2008 is described for the first time. A single male dominates a harem of two females, spawning with each at dusk, from 10 min before to 20 min after sunset. Each female laid an average 119 × 10³ eggs during the spawning period. Fertilized eggs were spherical, buoyant and had a diameter of 0.83 ± 0.02 mm (mean ± SD). Embryonic development lasted 15–18 h at 28.1 °C. Newly hatched larvae were 1.60 ± 0.07 mm in total length (TL) with 27 myomeres. Larvae completed yolk absorption within 3 days post hatching (ph) at 3.01 ± 0.08 mm TL. Ten days ph, the larvae had attained 3.95 ± 0.12 mm TL. Larvae were fed either 100% s‐type rotifers (Brachionus rotundiformis), 100% copepods (Microsetella sp.), a combination of the two (50%:50%) or without live feed (starved control) to determine the effect of live feed on the survival rate. The survival was significantly (P<0.001) higher in larvae fed a combination of diet than the others. These results indicate that C. septentrionalis is a potential species for captive breeding programs and the use of a combination of diet (s‐type rotifers and copepods) may be a suitable first food for the larvae.     

Natural spawning, early development and first feeding of the semicircle angelfish [Pomacanthus semicirculatus (Cuvier, 1831)] in captivity

Successful natural spawning of Pomacanthus semicirculatus in captivity from 11 September to 18 October, 2006 is described for the first time. Each female laid an average of 230 000 eggs during the spawning period. Fertilized eggs were spherical, transparent and buoyant and had a mean diameter of 0.61 ± 0.03 mm (mean ± SD). Embryonic development lasted 18–21 h at 28.5 °C. Newly hatched larvae were 1.35 ± 0.02 mm in total length (TL) with 27 (12+15) myomeres and had an oil globule in the ventroposterior area of the yolk sac. Larvae completed yolk absorption within 3 days post hatching at 2.37 ± 0.05 mm TL. Larvae were fed either 100% microalgae ( Nannochloropsis sp.), 100% s-type rotifers ( Brachionus rotundiformis ), 100% dinoflagellates ( Gonyaulax sp.) or different combinations of the three (50%:50%:0%, 30%:35%:35%) to determine the effect of live feed on the survival rate. The survival was significantly ( P <0.001) better in larvae fed a combination of diets (30%: 35%: 35%) than others. These results indicate that P. semicirculatus is a potential species for captive-breeding programmes and the use of a combination of diets (microalgae plus s-type rotifers and dinoflagellates) may be a suitable first food for fish larvae.     

Effects of temperature on fertilized eggs and larvae of tawny puffer Takifugu flavidus

Tawny puffer Takifugu flavidus is a species found in China considered to have potential for aquaculture. Experiments were conducted to determine the optimal temperature for its incubation and larval culture. Fertilized eggs collected from cultured broodstocks that were induced to ovulate with a [d ‐Ala⁶‐Pro⁹‐Net]‐luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone analogue were inseminated. The effect of temperature (19, 20, 23, 26 and 29 °C) on the hatch rate, incubation period, viability of 24 h post‐hatch larvae and total mortality rate was assessed. The effect of temperature (20, 23, 26 and 29 °C) on the growth and survival of larvae from 3 to 19 days after hatching (dah) was also assessed. The results showed that the optimal temperature for successful development of fertilized eggs ranged from 23 to 26 °C, and the highest hatch rate, the optimal viability of 24 h post‐hatch larvae and the lowest total mortality rate were all predicted using quadratic equations. The relationship between temperature and the incubation period of tawny puffer eggs was determined using the effective degree‐day model. The temperature at developmental zero (t₀) was 11.34 °C, and the sum of effective degree‐days (k) was 52.356. The survival rate of tawny puffer larvae at 20 °C was significantly lower than among 23, 26 and 29 °C, whereas the survival rate was not significantly different from that at 23, 26 and 29 °C. The larval growth rate increased rapidly as the temperature increased, showing a linear relationship in the range of temperatures investigated. The optimal temperature for larval culture ranged from 23 to 29 °C.     

大竹蛏生产性人工繁育试验

2007年对大竹蛏进行了生产性人工繁育试验。对亲本不同批次催产效果、不同规格亲本产卵差异、孵化密度进行了比较,研究了D形幼虫发育与温度的关系以及幼虫发育各阶段生长规律等,结果显示,大竹蛏属分批成熟、分批产卵的潜居性贝类,不同批次个体平均产卵量(36~118)×104cell,个体总产卵量294×104cell。壳长8~10 cm的亲贝产卵量大,催产效果好。受精卵适宜的孵化密度为5~10 cell/mL。在水温21~24.5℃条件下,D形幼虫经8~5 d生长,发育变态为附着稚贝。D形幼虫壳长日生长33.33±4.22μm,1 mm前的稚贝壳长日生长108.33±22.57μm,1~10 mm的稚贝平均旬生长量2.12 mm,10.4~30.6 mm的苗种平均旬生长量为2.02 mm。当水温下降到15℃后,大竹蛏苗种生长滞缓。2007年培育出壳长11.52±0.27 mm的稚贝2 165×104cfu,平均成活率12.1%。     

北盘江流域增殖放流鱼类的标志方法研究

用荧光标记法和T-tag锚标法标记了体长11.88-13.13cm的长臀鮠Cranoglanis bouderius、光倒刺鲃Spinibarbus hollandi、白甲鱼Onychostoma simus、花 Hemibarbus maculatus（Bleeker）,以寻找适合北盘江增殖放流鱼类的标志方法。14d的标记结果表明：荧光标志法标记的长臀鮠、光倒刺鲃、白甲鱼、花的成活率均在90.0％以上,是一种较为经济实用的标志方法,可在该流域增殖放流使用。需在短时间内回捕的放流对象也可用T-tag锚标法作辅助标志。