峨边县玉米第一代大螟发生规律和防治措施的探讨

峨边县位于凉山州东北部,地处山区。全县种植玉米12.4万亩,占总耕地面积的73.3%。由于气候温和、雨水较多,适宜玉米病虫害发生,特别是春玉米第一代大螟在全县发生为害严重。在常发地区,一般年份为害产量损失约10%,大发生年损失高达30%以上,给农业生产造成很大影响。为了有效控制大螟为害,近几年来笔者对玉米上大螟的发生规律和防治技术做了一些调查试验工作。1发生规律观察1.1发生期本县地形、气候复杂。不同地区大螟的发生期、发生量都有明显差异。大螟在低山河谷地带每年发生3代,在中、高山地区每年发生2代。9月下旬幼虫在玉米秸秆内开始…     

2008年荆州市稻纵卷叶螟大发生特点及原因分析

2008年荆州市稻纵卷叶螟发生程度为大发生,局部特大发生,表现为迁入早、迁入量大、盛期长、连续大发生的特点,累计发生面积达37.49万hm2,严重受害田块白叶率达70%以上,给水稻丰产带来了巨大的威胁.     

2011年辽宁省花生疮痂病大发生原因分析及防控对策

2011年辽宁省花生疮痂病大发生,受害田块一般减产20%～30%,严重田块减产超过50%,是近几年最为严重的一年。笔者介绍了该病在辽宁的发生为害特点、调查分析了其重发生原因,提出了有效的防治措施。     

2009年南漳县小麦条锈病大发生特点及原因分析

2009年小麦条锈病在南漳县发生早、发生面积大、流行时间长、为害重,出现了一些始料未及的新特点.全县发生面积2.72万hm2,占小麦种植面积的93.2%,其中2%的田块因病损失严重,造成损失1 285.2t,是2002年大发生以来发生最为严重的1年.     

枝江市2015年小麦病害大流行原因分析

<正>小麦条锈病和赤霉病是枝江市小麦上的常见病害,2015年两病大流行,是近十几年来发生最严重的一年,与大发生年2002年相当。病害发生面积33万hm2,损失率约为18%,少数田块基本绝收,严重制约了今年夏粮的增收。1 2015年小麦病害发生特点1.1发生程度重小麦乳熟期调查,条锈病大发生,病田率100%,平均病叶率90%,平均严重度40%,病指36.0,最高田块病指为72.5;赤霉病中等偏重发     

1982年北方棉区第二代棉铃虫大发生的分析

1982年第二代棉铃虫在山东、河北、河南省棉区大发生,山西、陕西、辽宁省以及江苏、安徽省北部棉区也比往年为害加重。据24个重点植棉县的资料统计,1982年第二代棉铃虫为大发生的占54.2%,中等偏重发生的占12.5%,中发生的占8.3%,中等偏轻发生的占16.7%,轻发生的占8.3%,     

2009年南漳县小麦赤霉病发生特点及原因分析

受小麦抽穗扬花期暖湿天气的影响,2009年我县小麦赤霉病大发生,发生面积2.83万hm2,占小麦种植面积的97.3%,早熟品种病穗率一般在8%左右,迟熟、感病品种高达30%～40%,造成损失1636.3t,是2006年大发生以来发生最为严重的一年.     

2012年浦北县稻飞虱发生特点及防控对策

据普查统计,2012年浦北县稻飞虱发生面积为35566.66 ha,成灾面积为3320.00 ha,分别占全年水稻播种面积的97.00%和9.05%;经防治后挽回稻谷18634.56 t,实际损失稻谷3307.76 t。与大发生的1990年相比,发生面积和成灾面积分别增1.93%和45.96%,挽回损失和实际损失分别增38.12%和57.20%。1发生特点:1.1灯下始见期早,迁入峰次多,峰期长,虫量大。     

枝江市柑桔大实蝇发生规律及绿色防控关键技术

为有效控制柑桔大实蝇危害，对枝江市柑桔大实蝇发生规律进行了调查分析，集成推广应用“成虫诱杀+虫果处理”绿色防控关键技术。结果显示，大实蝇虫果率控制在1%以下，防治效果达到97.7%,取得了显著的经济效益、社会效益和生态效益。     

不同防控方式对柑橘大实蝇的控害效果

2016年,于四川阆中开展了0.1%阿维菌素饵剂、糖醋液、蛋白引诱剂和1.8%阿维菌素乳油防治柑橘大实蝇效果试验。结果表明,阆中柑橘大实蝇成虫发生期为5月中旬至7月下旬,高峰期在6月下旬;幼虫发生期为9月上旬至12月下旬,为害高峰期在10月下旬至11月中旬。0.1%阿维菌素饵剂和糖醋液比蛋白引诱剂与1.8%阿维菌素乳油,对柑橘大实蝇有更好的防治效果。     

具条实蝇研究综述

具条实蝇[Bactrocera(Zeugodacus)scutellata(Hendel)]是我国对外重要检疫害虫,地理分布广,危害程度重,使我国果蔬生产遭受了严重经济损失。文章综述了具条实蝇的形态特征、分类地位、寄主范围、地理分布、种群数量动态以及分子生物学等方面的研究进展,并提出未来研究展望。     

胡瓜新小绥螨对B型烟粉虱的控制能力

为明确胡瓜新小绥螨Neoseiulus cucumeris Oudermans对烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci Gennadius的控害潜能,在（26±1）℃、相对湿度65%±5%、光周期16L：8D条件下,研究了各螨态胡瓜新小绥螨对不同发育阶段烟粉虱的捕食作用。结果表明,胡瓜新小绥螨幼螨期较短,不取食烟粉虱,其他不同螨态的胡瓜新小绥螨可捕食除4龄若虫和成虫以外的其他各虫态的烟粉虱,捕食功能反应符合HollingⅡ型;胡瓜新小绥螨雌成螨对烟粉虱卵的日捕食量最大（8.5粒/雌）,对烟粉虱3龄若虫的日捕食量最小（2.1头/雌）;雌成螨对烟粉虱卵具有较高的瞬间攻击率（0.038）和寻找效应（0.025）。研究表明,胡瓜新小绥螨对烟粉虱卵及低龄若虫的捕食能力较强,是烟粉虱发生初期的有效天敌。     

Comparative biology of Mallada desjardinsi (navas) and Chrysoperla congrua (walker) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), predators of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and aphis gossypii (glover) (Homoptera: Aphididae) on cotton in eastern Tanzania

The developmental biology of Mallada desjardinsi (Navas) and Chrysoperla congrua (Walker) on the American bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera and the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii was studied in the laboratory at 28–32°C. Total larva! periods of M. desjardinsi and C. congrua on H. armigera eggs were 14.4 and 14.8 days respectively. However, when reared on A. gossypii larval periods of M. desjardinsi and C. congrua were 14.9 and 13.5 days respectively. When reared on H. armigera 52.9% and 25% respectively of third instars of M. desjardinsis and C. congrua sp. died before pupation. However, when reared on A. gossypii 82.6% and 46.9% respectively of third instars of M. desjardinsi and C. congrua died before pupation. Thus, H. armigera eggs and A. gossypii nymphs were both adequate but not optimal diets for chrysopid larval development. The number of prey consumed by M. desjardinsi and C. congrua increased with instar. Total larval consumption of H. armigera by M. desjardinsi and C. congrua was determined to be 135.5 and 169.8 eggs respectively. However, total larval consumption of A. gossypii by M. desjardinsi and C. congrua was found to be 189.0 and 171.8 nymphs respectively. Because of its longer larval period, and higher consumption of A. gossypii, M. desjardinsi would be better suited for use against A. gossypii than C. congrua. In contrast, C. congrua whose consumption of H. armigera was higher than that of M. desjardinsi although their larval periods were similar, would appear promising for control of H. armigera.     

Base-catalysed hydrolysis of (E)- and (Z)-mevinphos

The rates at which (E)- and (Z)-mevinphos are hydrolysed in aqueous solutions in the pH range 8.7–11.5, and in the temperature range 30–50°C, have been measured. The overall activation parameters have been calculated, and equations to allow calculation of the rates in any basic conditions are given. The complicated routes by which (E)- and (Z)-mevinphos are hydrolysed to simple molecules have been deduced. The rates for the individual steps in each route have been either measured experimentally, or have been calculated through analogue simulation of all the reactions, by matching the calculated to the observed ultraviolet spectral changes during hydrolysis. It is proposed that (Z)-2-carboxyl-1-methylvinyl dimethyl phosphate is not observed as a hydrolysis product of (Z)-mevinphos because it decomposes by an extremely fast intramolecular reaction. The reasons for the greater lability of (E)-mevinphos are also discussed.     

检疫性害虫南亚果实蝇生物学及控制技术

南亚果实蝇[Bactrocera(Zeugodacus)tau(Walker)]是黄瓜、南瓜、丝瓜、冬瓜和苦瓜等多种果蔬作物上的一种重要检疫性害虫。近年来在我国多个省市发生危害,发生程度呈加重和扩大蔓延的趋势,对瓜果作物造成了严重的经济损失。本文概述了南亚果实蝇的发生危害规律、生物学特性,提出了加强植物检疫、农业防治、诱集灭虫、雄性不育技术和保护天敌等防治措施。     

Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera,Gelechiidae) in the Republic of Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina)

Pheromone traps were placed in the market place in Banja Luka, and in greenhouses and open field tomato crops, on 13 September 2010 to determine the presence of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in Banja Luka region. Based on examination of traps, the presence of T. absoluta was confirmed for the first time in the Republic of Srpska. Only mines of Liriomyza species were found by examining leaves under a stereomicroscope. In 2011, pheromone traps were placed in greenhouses at several locations (Banja Luka, Prijedor, Novi Grad, Kozarska Dubica, Ljubinje and Trebinje) at the beginning of June, and in open fields in Bijeljina and Trebinje at the beginning of September. Examination of the traps was carried out at intervals of 15 days. A sample of 100 leaves, taken from 20 randomly selected plants, was examined in order to evaluate the intensity of the attack. The first adults were caught in greenhouses in Ljubinje and Trebinje on 18 June 2011; in open field crops in Bijeljina on 9 September 2011 and in Banja Luka on 5 October 2011. Adults were not captured in Prijedor, Novi Grad or Kozarska Dubica, and no mined leaves were observed. The intensity of attack was evaluated on the basis of active infestation (percentage of leaves with active mines compared with all mined leaves). The strongest intensity of active infestation was recorded in the open field crops in Trebinje, where 19% of leaves with active mines were found.     

多异瓢虫对豆无网长管蚜捕食作用研究

在实验室内测定了多异瓢虫成虫,各龄幼虫对豆无网长管蚜的捕食作用,结果表明,多异瓢虫成虫及4龄幼虫对豆无网长管蚜有较强的捕食作用;多异瓢虫成虫及各龄幼虫对豆无网长管蚜密度的功能反应符合Holling-Ⅱ型;多异瓢虫成虫自身密度的功能反应能用Hassell数学模型较好地反映。     

The occurrence of thrips (Thysanoptera) on food legumes (Fabaceae)

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - The occurrence, quantity and population fluctuations in thrips (Thysanoptera) on various food legume crops (Leguminosae or Fabaceae) in southern Poland...