高羊茅草坪不同播种季节对比试验研究

为了解决高羊茅冷季型草种在武汉安全越夏的问题,进行了不同播种时期对比试验,结果表明:9月~11月中旬和3月~4月中旬为适宜播种季节。     

高羊茅草坪不同播种量对比试验研究

为了解决高羊茅冷季型草种在武汉安全越夏的问题,进行了高羊茅草坪不同播种量对比试验,结果表明：一级质量的种子(发芽率85%以上)播种量以15～25g/m~2为宜,20g/m~2最好,有利于草坪生长及安全越夏。     

高羊茅草坪不同修剪高度对比试验研究

为了解决高羊茅冷季型草种在武汉安全越夏的问题,进行了高羊茅草坪不同修剪高度对比试验。结果表明养护修剪对草坪质量影响十分明显,修剪高度以5~9cm为佳,入冬及越夏前宜高剪(9cm),其它季节宜矮剪(5cm)。     

高羊茅草坪不同品种对比试验研究

为了解决高羊茅冷季型草种在武汉安全越夏的问题,进行了Houndog、Arid、Barlexal等高羊茅品种单播及品种混播试验,结果表明:Houndog、Shenandon、Barlexal、Arid品种在本地区越夏情况表现较好。Arid+shenandon、Houndog+Shenandon等比例混合播种,其草坪抗病性比单播的明显增强。     

高羊茅草坪不同土壤基质对比试验研究

为了解决高羊茅冷季型草种在武汉安全越夏的问题,进行了高羊茅草坪不同土壤基质对比试验。结果表明:黄粘土、河沙因过粘或沙性过重均不利于草坪生长,降低抗逆性,黄粘土与河沙按40%~60%混合,改良效果好。     

南方冷季型混播草坪的建植与管理

介绍了我国南方常用的3种冷季型草种高羊茅、草地早熟禾、多年生黑麦草的主要生物学特性,论述了南方冷季型混播草坪的建设与管理。     

园林要闻

洋草种贵百倍入沪难度夏 混播可解草坪冬季枯黄 美国最新培育的 新品冷季型草种"梦托 克",号称颜色碧绿,叶 细而短、能度夏。然而 上海市一草坪公司以 高价引入后,第二年 "梦托克"变得又长又 粗,仍旧难以度夏。 据上海市园林科学研究所草坪专家朱轶人介绍, 由于不适应上海气候,冷季型新品种草很难显现优势, 常常走样。最高价达到每公斤200多元的冷季型新品草 种,仅能播种50到100平方米,这些新品种往往全军 覆没,只能来年再买。上海草坪的草种分为冷季型和暖     

优良草坪品种—假俭草

作为草坪种植的草种,按其对温度的要求可分为暖季型草种和冷季型草种两大类.近年来,南京市引进种植的多为冷季型草种.如剪股颖、早熟禾、黑麦草等.这类草种对温度要求较低(地上部分在4℃以上即开始生长),但在南京地区,因夏季气温较高,有休眠现象,病害也较重,故极易造成斑秃,不宜大面积使用.而暖季型草种在长江流域一带只有狗牙根、结缕草等,草种比较单调.根据我们对南京市各公园不同草种生长状况的调查,认为假俭草是一种适应性强、生长     

关于北京市节水抗旱型草坪植被调查

文章从分析北京市草坪总体状况入手,描述了北京市现有常见草坪草种的种类及规模情况,着重从草坪用水及总体成本方面分析对比了冷季型草、暖季型草及地被植物的差异性,得出了相比于冷季型草来说暖季型草及地被植物比较节水抗旱及节省成本的结论。而目前北京市以冷季型草种居多,因此北京市推广使用节水抗旱草坪草种存在必要性。       

冷季草坪草种引种与栽培试验

通过对冷季草坪草种的引种与栽培试验,筛选出了一批适宜我省推广应用的冷季草种,总结了一套冷季草坪铺装与管理技术,并指出因地制宜、适地适草是建设好冷季草坪的基础,抓好越夏管理是使冷季草坪欣欣向荣的关键。     

论观赏草的特性及其在园林景观中的应用

观赏草是一类新型的植物造景材料,而且越来越多地被用于各种景观设计中。我国应用观赏草的时间较短,对观赏草的认识还不够,为在园林中更好的应用观赏草类,通过对观赏草的概念、观赏特性、生物学特性等的研究阐述,提出观赏草的11种应用形式,并探讨观赏草在园林应用中应注意的问题及解决方法。     

Seasonal variation in photosystem II efficiency and photochemical reflectance index of evergreen trees and perennial grasses growing at low and high elevations in subtropical Taiwan

Three pines species, three evergreen broadleaf trees, one C(3) and two C(4) perennial grasses of subtropical Taiwan were studied to elucidate the correlation between photosystem II (PSII) efficiency and photochemical reflectance index (PRI = (R(531) - R(570))/(R(531) + R(570))). Measurements were made at two sites differing in altitude (800 and 2600 m) over several growing seasons. At high elevation, potential PSII efficiency, measured by chlorophyll fluorescence (the ratio of variable to maximal fluorescence; F(v)/F(m)) at predawn, decreased with decreasing air temperature and varied greatly among species. At the lowest air temperature (-3 degrees C) studied, variation in F(v)/F(m) among species ranged from 0.33 to 0.72. In contrast, at low elevation where air temperature was moderate, seasonal variation in F(v)/F(m) was small in all of the study species. When species, elevation and season data were pooled, despite the high variation in F(v)/F(m) among species, a good correlation between F(v)/F(m) and PRI was observed. When compared at the same value of PRI, F(v)/F(m) of evergreen trees was higher than that of perennial grasses; however, when the minimum temperature on the measurement day was below 0 degrees C, F(v)/F(m) was underestimated relative to PRI. We conclude that PRI could be used as a remote indicator of photosynthetic function when air temperature is above 0 degrees C.     

观赏草在成都市园林景观中应用形式初探

本文阐述了观赏草的定义和特点,介绍了观赏草应用起源及国内外应用现状,并结合观赏草在本地应用情况,对成都市观赏草应用配置模式和研究、发展前景提出了建议.     

When host-plant resistance to a pest leads to higher plant damage

The effects of the association between grasses and fungal endophytes on orthopterans are very poorly studied although they are important grassland pests. Here, the endemic New Zealand weta, Hemiandrus sp. ‘promontorius’, and Festulolium loliaceum infected with Epichloë uncinata, were used to study the effect of endophyte-mediated resistance in grasses on this large orthopteran insect in the laboratory, and the effects of this interaction on the grass. The insect was presented with F. loliaceum with and without E. uncinata infection in no-choice and paired choice experiments. Other controls were Epichloë festucae-infected Festuca rubra and endophyte-free Lolium perenne. In no-choice experiments, persistent attempts by the insect to graze the endophyte-infected grasses (but promptly abandoning them) resulted in a significantly higher number of plants lost due to excision at their stems after the first bite (P = 0.004). The inability of affected grasses to compensate for the lost biomass resulted in a lack of significant difference between the dry biomass of endophyte-infected and endophyte-free controls (P = 0.206). However, in choice experiments, there was a preference for the endophyte-free controls when they were paired with the endophyte-infected grasses (P < 0.05). The current work shows that endophyte-infected grasses can sustain high plant losses when attacked by an orthopteran insect in the absence of an alternative food source. This contrasts other endophyte/herbivory experiments in which high herbivory occurs because chemical plant defences are at a low concentration or the endophytes have other non-toxin roles in the plant.     

Limits to recruitment of tall fescue plants in poplar silvopastoral systems of the Pampas,Argentina

Forage production in silvopastoral systems of the Flooding Pampa is based on cool season grasses with a relatively asynchronous phenology regarding their accompanying deciduous trees. However, the productivity of cool season grasses in these systems is usually low. The hypothesis of this work is that the low productivity of cool season grasses is caused by tree litter constraining plant recruitment. Emergence and establishment (reproductive propagation), and tillering (vegetative propagation) patterns of tall fescue, a cool season grass in the region, were studied in two pairs of adjacent non-afforested and afforested poplar stands (tree age 26–28 years, tree density 453–797 plants ha⁻¹). Observational and manipulative (i.e. addition of seeds, leaf litter removal) experiments indicated that the recruitment of tall fescue plants is strongly limited by the fall of poplar leaves over emerged seedlings, during autumn. Results suggest that any management practice capable of removing poplar litter, either through grazing or machinery, could neutralize this limitation enhancing the herbaceous primary production of the system.     

Growth of Festuca pallescens in Silvopastoral Systems in Patagonia, Part 1: Positive Balance between Competition and Facilitation

Silvopastoral systems may overyield compared to monocultures as a result of higher resource capture and/or facilitation effects of the trees on the pastures. Festuca pallescens (St. Ives) Parodi, a forage species of Patagonia, is vulnerable to water deficit, suggesting that it may benefit from the facilitative effects of trees. Radiation (PPFD), temperature, relative humidity (RH) and soil water distribution during the growing season were measured under different tree cover levels in ponderosa pine-based silvopastoral systems. PPFD decreased with increasing tree cover, and the decrease was lower in the positions under than between tree crowns. No significant differences were observed for temperature, RH nor for soil water content between treatments. Pre-dawn water potential of grasses during the growing season showed similar high values in all treatments. However, cumulative water stress was slightly lower in high tree cover treatments than in open situations. Leaf water potential of the grasses during the day was always lower in open grassland than in forested plots. The growth of the grasses showed no significant differences between treatments, but mean growth tended to decrease in the more densely planted treatments. We concluded that F. pallescens is a species that is biologically sound for use in silvopastoral systems, because the balance between facilitation and competition can be positive under the semiarid conditions of Patagonia.     

盐碱地区利用耐盐耐旱草种进行低成本园林绿化试验

对自然生长在滨海盐碱地区的具有草坪效果的草种进行了调查分析,从中筛选出3种进行了低成本园林绿化试验,提出了滨海盐碱地区的低成本阶梯型园林绿化模式:耐盐耐旱草坪—乡土灌木—乡土乔木—园林灌木—园林乔木。     

哈尔滨市三种冷季型草坪草滞尘能力的研究

草坪草作为城市绿化的构建材料,不仅在美化环境方面具有极高的应用价值,在改善城市生态环境方面也挥着重要的作用。以哈尔滨市道路绿化常用草种中的草地早熟禾、多年生黑麦草和紫羊茅为对象,对3种草种叶面解剖结构和滞尘能力进行测定,通过比较分析,发现不同草种间的滞尘能力与叶面结构形态的关系密切;在相同种植密度和面积的草坪上,滞尘量由高到低依次是多年生黑麦草、紫羊茅、草地早熟禾;滞尘量随时间增加呈现有限增长的趋势。     

滇东南岩溶地区植被结构优化造林模式研究

在岩溶地区采用墨西哥柏、川滇桤木、清香木、紫花苜蓿等16个树(草)种进行的12种配置模式试验表明:合理的乔灌草配置,有利于长短结合科学经营,前期牧草生长迅速,能很快覆盖地表,减少水土流失,并为牲畜提供大量的饲料,林木长大郁闭度增加后,牧草生长衰退,逐渐转向以经营林木为主。通过综合分析筛选出了适应性强、造林成活率高、生长旺盛、种间共生性良好的优化造林模式8种。