共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
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王业红 《中国农业文摘-农业工程》2019,31(4):77-80
峰玉3号系五峰县农科所2008年冬于海南陵水光坡以HL69为母本,HY15为父本组配而成的中高秆,中晚熟、中穗型玉米单交种。经2009~2014年参加县内外多年多点试验及湖北省二高山组区域试验、大田生产试验,表现稳产、优质、抗大小斑、灰斑、锈病等多种玉米病害、抗倒抗逆性强,是一个综合农艺性状好、稳产性较佳、综合抗性强、适应性比较广泛的玉米新品种。 相似文献
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玉米新品种"华科3A2000"是以"M001"为母本、"E201"为父本育成的玉米杂交种。2年区域试验结果:平均产量12 907.0 kg/hm~2,比对照品种"先玉335"增产4.8%;生产试验结果:平均产量11 274.7 kg/hm~2,比对照品种"先玉335"增产4.0%。该品种于2014年通过吉林省农作物品种审定委员会审定。"华科3A2000"果穗筒型,穗长18.7 cm,穗行数18行,子粒黄色,百粒重38.2 g,品质好,抗病,抗倒伏,出苗至成熟127 d。适于吉林省中熟区种植。 相似文献
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玉米杂交种丹玉20号选育报告收稿日期:1995-08-09参加本项研究的还有邱景煜、宁家林、李芳志、李思烈、宋儒、曹祖波、高洪敏、杨朝日、于兵。景希强宋光茂何晶(丹东市农科所)丹玉20号是我所1987年以外引系7922与自选系丹341组配成的晚... 相似文献
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“鹏诚216”是2005年由延边朝鲜族自治州农业科学研究院选育的中早熟、高产、优质玉米新品种.于2014年1月经吉林省农作物品种省定委员会审定通过,适宜在吉林省、黑龙江省中早熟区种植,具有高产、优质、早熟、多抗的特点. 相似文献
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利用2个诱导系与25个单倍体诱导率呈现梯度变化的材料,采用NCII设计,组配了50个杂交组合,并对其诱导率及农艺性状进行了评价。结果表明,诱导性状的杂种优势不显著,F1代诱导率呈现出接近中亲值或略低于中亲值的特点,但F1的农艺性状较双亲有了显著提升,尤其是在株高、雄穗长度等方面表现出较强的杂种优势。经筛选评价,2个杂交组合诱导率稳定在8.5%以上,可在今后的育种中加以利用。 相似文献
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根据玉米杂交种子的生产要求,结合广西的现状,剖析了广西玉米杂交种子生产中存在的制种产量低、种子纯度不够等实际问题,并提出了严格制种技术规程,加强种子生产执法检查等5项具体对策. 相似文献
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玉米是尼日利亚的主要粮食作物之一,然而现生产上应用的主要品种都是30年前研究选育。如今品种混杂、退化、感病严重、产量低;因此玉米良种在尼日利亚玉米生产中已成为最主要的限制因素之一,如何引进筛选适应强的高产、高抗玉米品种(组合)已成为尼日利亚提高粮食产量的关键措施之一。 相似文献
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采用四元二次回归正交最优混合设计,探讨种植密度和氮、磷、钾肥施用量与杂交玉米玉美头168产量形成、产量利润及产投比的关系,并建立多元回归模型及利用计算机模拟,分析各试验因子对产量形成的影响及相互间的作用效应。结果表明,各试验因子处于低、高水平条件下对玉米产量的作用效应分别为种植密度〉N〉P2O5〉K2O、N〉种植密度〉K2O〉P2O5,说明种植密度和氮肥施用量是制约玉米产量的主导因素。在一定的施肥水平条件下,适当调节种植密度可以获得较高的产量与产投比。玉美头168以每公顷施纯N97.5~187.5kg、P2O,52.5—97.5kg、K2O 112.5~150.0kg,配套48000~57000株的种植密度,可获得7500kg以上产量及较高的收益和产投比。 相似文献
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玉米杂交种主要农艺性状的灰色关联度分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
应用灰色关联度分析方法,对四川省玉米杂交种主要农艺性状间(生育期、株高、穗位高、除倒伏、穗长、穗行数、行粒数、百粒重、出籽率、单穗粒重)的相关性进行了分析.结果表明:与玉米杂交种产量最为相关的性状是单穗粒重,其后依次是除倒伏、穗位高、生育期、株高、穗长、百粒重、穗行数、出籽率和行粒数.根据玉米主要农艺性状间的关系,对产量影响最大的经济性状-单穗粒重与株高、穗位高、穗行数和穗长关系最为密切;对产量影响较大的农艺性状-除倒伏与穗位高和穗长关系密切.说明在四川省选育玉米杂交种时,在保证适当的株高和穗位高的前提下,要注重选育单穗粒重高,抗倒,生育期适当偏长,百粒重较高的长穗、多行型品种;同时不要忽略对品种的出籽率和行粒数的选择. 相似文献
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Development and application of marker-assisted reverse breeding using hybrid maize germplasm 下载免费PDF全文
Humankind has been through different periods of agricultural improvement aiming at enhancing our food supply and the performance of food crops. In recent years, whole genome sequencing and deep understanding of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms have facilitated new plant breeding approaches to meet the challenge of growing population, dwindling resources, and changing climate. Here we proposed a simple and fast molecular breeding method, marker-assisted reverse breeding(MARB), which will revert any maize hybrid into inbred lines with any level of required similarity to its original parent lines. Since all the pericarp DNA of a hybrid is from the maternal parent, whereas one half of the embryo DNA is from the maternal parent and the other half from the paternal parent, so we firstly extract DNA from seed embryo and pericarp of a selected elite hybrid separately and then we derived the genotypes of the two parents with high-density single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) chips. The following marker-assisted selection was performed based on an Illumina low-density SNP chip designed with 192 SNPs polymorphic between the two parental genotypes, which were uniformly distributed on 10 maize chromosomes. This method has the advantages of fast speed, fixed heterotic mode, and quick recovery of beneficial parental genotypes compared to traditional pedigree breeding using elite hybrids. Meanwhile, MARB has the advantage of not requiring sophisticated transformation and double haploid(DH) technologies over RNA interference(RNAi)-mediated reverse breeding. In addition, MARB can also be used with feed corn harvested from big farms, which is often similar to F_2 populations, and the relevant transgenes in the population can be eliminated by marker-assisted selection. As a result, the whole global commercial maize hybrids can be utilized as germplasm for breeding with MARB technology. Starting with an F_2 population derived from an elite hybrid, our experiment indicates that with three cycles of marker-assisted selection, selected lines could recover over 80% of the parental genotypes and associated beneficial genes in a fixed heterotic mode. The success application of MARB in maize suggests that this technology is applicable to any hybrid crop to breed new inbreds with improved hybrid performance but the same heterotic mode. As chip technology becomes cheap, it would be expected that polymorphism screening and following marker-assisted selection could be done with one all-purpose high density chip. Several issues associated with MARB were discussed, including its rationale, efficiency and advantages, along with food/feed and environmental safety issues and applications of MARB in variety protection and marker-assisted plant breeding. 相似文献
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【目的】研究Iodent种质与我国玉米主要种质类群的杂种优势关系,为改良我国早熟类玉米种质基础提供理论依据。【方法】将20份Iodent自交系与4份我国玉米主要种质类群的骨干自交系PH4CV、铁C8605-2、昌7-2和S122采用NCⅡ设计组配80份杂交组合,进行2年田间试验,在成熟期收获中间行中间位置10株果穗进行室内考种,分析Iodent自交系与4份主要种质类群骨干自交系的杂种优势关系。【结果】2017-2018年田间试验结果表明,玉米单株产量及其构成因子综合性状一般配合力(GCA)效应表现较大的群体为I112、I125、I126和I128。玉米单株产量特殊配合力(SCA)效应表现最大的组合为S122×I132,效应值为14.10;位列第2-5位的组合依次为PH4CV×I120(8.23)、S122×I123(7.38)、铁C8605-2×I127(7.15)和S122×I126(7.06);而组合铁C8605-2×I123的SCA效应值最小,为-12.12。以所配组合单株产量SCA效应值为依据进行分类,选择数值最小的SCA作为划分类群的依据,结果显示I112、I119、I130属于Lancaster类群,I123、I125、I126、I133属于塘四平头类群,I128、I131、I132、I134属于Reid类群,I114、I117、I118、I120、I121、I122、I124、I127、I129属于旅大红骨类群。Iodent种质自交系在我国早熟玉米区主要杂种优势利用途径有旅大红骨群×I132、Lancaster群×I120、Reid群×I118和塘四平头群×I127等。【结论】Iodent种质自交系与Lancaster、国内Reid、塘四平头和旅大红骨四大类群自交系杂交时单株产量杂种优势普遍存在,其中与旅大红骨类群杂种优势最强。 相似文献