微粒体甘油三酯转运蛋白研究进展

从微粒体甘油三酯转运蛋白(MTP)结构、功能、活性与多态性、脂代谢中的作用、表达与调节等方面综述了微粒体甘油三酯转运蛋白是一种重要的脂质转运蛋白,着重论述了MTP与脂代谢关系、MTP表达与调节.MTP的活性、基因表达状态是控制极低密度脂蛋白合成、装配和分泌速率的重要因素,研究MTP基因表达与调节对预防动物脂肪肝、提高畜禽生产品质,探讨人类脂类代谢性疾病和心血管疾病等重要疾病形成机制,对防治这些疾病具有重要的临床意义.     

神经内分泌因子对新生犊牛肝细胞MTP mRNA丰度的影响

微粒体甘油三酯转运蛋白(MTP)是继载脂蛋白B(apoB)之后发现参与TG转运及VLDL组装的内质网腔内蛋白,是一种重要的脂质转运蛋白.MTP主要作为载体在内质网腔与含脂蛋白的apoB等脂类结合以VLDL的形式转运出肝脏,对含脂蛋白的apoB装配和分泌起关键作用[1].     

奶牛肝MTP竞争RT-PCR方法内参照的构建

微粒体甘油三酯转运蛋白(mirosomal trigly-geride transter proteim,MTP)是继载脂蛋白B(apoB)之后新发现的参与甘油三酯转运及极低密度脂蛋白(VLDL)组装的内质网腔蛋白,是一种重要的脂质转运蛋白。它的主要作用是加快膜间甘油三酯、胆固醇和磷脂的转运及细胞和亚细胞膜的组成,     

微粒体甘油三酯转运蛋白MTP的研究进展

本文介绍了微粒体甘油三酯转运蛋白MTP(microsomaltriglyceridetransferprotein,MTP)的结构、功能。并展望了MTP在畜牧业上的应用前景。     

神经内分泌因子对体外培养新生犊牛肝细胞MTP mRNA表达的影响

为了阐明神经内分泌因子在奶牛肝脂蛋白组装与转运过程中的调控作用,通过向体外培养的新生犊牛肝细胞添加胰岛素、胰高血糖素和瘦蛋白,采用内对照RT-PCR方法检测神经内分泌因子对体外培养新生犊牛肝细胞微粒体甘油三酯转运蛋白(MTP)mRNA丰度的影响。结果显示,随着细胞培养液中胰岛素和胰高血糖素浓度升高,MTP mRNA的丰度呈现剂量依赖性下降(P<0.01);随着瘦蛋白浓度的增加,MTP mRNA的丰度先升高后降低(P<0.01或P<0.05)。这表明胰岛素和胰高血糖素对肝细胞MTP mRNA表达具有抑制作用,呈现剂量依赖性;瘦蛋白对肝细胞MTP mRNA表达具有低剂量促进而高剂量抑制的双重作用,且均呈现剂量依赖性。     

昆虫氨基酸转运蛋白的分类与功能

氨基酸是一类在生物体内参与蛋白质合成、细胞生长调节等生理功能的重要小分子物质,也是一些重要生理活性物质的前体。氨基酸的跨膜转运受氨基酸转运蛋白的调节,氨基酸转运蛋白通常能够转运具有相似结构的多种氨基酸。昆虫的氨基酸转运蛋白可分为8个家族,在营养吸收、物质转运、神经系统调节、信号途径调控和病毒感染等方面具有多种重要功能。本文简要综述昆虫氨基酸转运蛋白的分类和功能,为家蚕和其他昆虫的生理及病理研究提供参考。     

四川白鹅MTP基因的组织表达特性研究

本研究采用RT-PCR方法以四川白鹅(Anser cygnoides)为研究材料,探讨了1、10、13、14和16周龄肝脏、小肠、脑、胸肌、腹肌、腹脂、皮脂和心脏等组织中微粒体甘油三酯转运蛋白(MTP)基因的表达特性.结果显示:1周龄,MTP基因只在小肠组织中表达；10周龄,除在肝脏、小肠组织中,首次发现脑组织为MTP基因特有表达组织；MTP基因在肝脏和小肠中的表达量随周龄增加呈逐步上升趋势；1～13周龄,小肠＞肝脏(P＜0.05)；14～16周龄,小肠＜肝脏(P＞0.05)；填饲期,肝脏组织中MTP表达无显著变化(P＞0.05),而小肠组织MTP表达水平却显著升高(P＜0.05).结果表明MTP基因在四川白鹅脂肪沉积和转运过程中具有极重要的调控作用.     

动物细胞内锌稳衡调节的研究进展

锌是生命必需的微量元素,参与了细胞内许多不同的代谢过程。对生物体而言,细胞内锌的稳态平衡非常重要。维持细胞内锌稳态平衡的蛋白主要包括金属硫蛋白(MT)及Zn转运蛋白(ZnTs)。本文主要介绍了MT及ZnT对锌稳态平衡的调节及锌对二者基因表达的调节作用。     

单羧酸转运蛋白:在挥发性脂肪酸转运中的作用及影响基因表达的因素

饲粮在动物消化道内经微生物发酵产生大量的挥发性脂肪酸为动物体供能,单羧酸转运蛋白(MCT)在动物肠道对挥发性脂肪酸的吸收转运中起到重要作用,对MCT进行深入的研究对探明动物挥发性脂肪酸吸收转运的机理有重要意义。本文就挥发性脂肪酸的转运机制、MCT基因表达与组织分布、影响MCT基因表达的因素及作用机制进行综述。     

小肽转运载体2的转运机制及功能研究

小肽转运载体2(peptide transporter 2,PepT2)是一种高亲和力、低容量的转运蛋白,能转运大多数小肽类营养物质和仿肽类药物,因此,对PepT2进行深入研究对动物营养学和医学临床治疗均具有重要意义。本文综述了PepT2的功能结构、转运机制及其底物结合特性,阐述了其在不同组织中的功能及活性调节,并对其今后的研究方向进行了展望。     

Disease and destiny-mystery and mastery

When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures.     

Foot and mouth disease and bluetongue: differences and similarities

On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures.     

德国荷兰畜禽产品质量安全交流与启示

2018年岁末,笔者有幸赴德国和荷兰,就畜产品质量安全控制及检测技术等进行了短期交流,收获颇丰,现具体介绍如下。一、交流情况德国面积35.73万平方千米,人口约8175.2万,是欧盟人口最多的国家,农业发达,机械化程度很高。德国的畜牧业以猪、牛、羊和禽类为主,畜牧业产值占农业生产总值的61%。德国虽然农业比重很小,但却是有机农业运动最早的发起国,也是目前世界上有机农产品生产与消费大国。     

奶牛肢蹄病及其防治

简介常见奶牛肢蹄病种类及其症状,从日粮营养、运动场地面结构、环境卫生、饲养管理、遗传育种、疾病管理等方面简析奶牛肢蹄病的病因,并提出相应的预防措施。     

畜禽物种多样性及其保护和利用

文章就我国畜禽物种多样性资源的现状、保护和利用等方面进行阐述,为生态脆弱的喀斯特地区畜牧业可持续发展提供参考。     

马的咽气癖及其防制措施研究进展

在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。     

国内外蛋氨酸与赖氨酸市场分析与展望

近几年,世界饲用添加剂市场增长较快,预计今后将进一步增长,据世界粮农组织(FAO)首领会议的倡议,到2015年,将使世界营养不良的人口削减一半,其间,肉制品将会以每年2％的速度增长,特别是加快猪肉和禽肉增长。这将促进世界添加剂,尤其是蛋氨酸和赖氨酸需求量的增加。     

牛羊焦虫病诊断与防治技术

近几年来,辽宁省牛羊饲养业迅速发展,焦虫病的危害越来越明显,已成为危害牛羊的主要疾病之一。为了提高牛羊焦虫病的防治水平,保证我省牛羊饲养业的健康发展,笔者在参阅文献和同行们诊疗经验的基础上,结合自己的治疗实践,详细阐述了我省牛羊焦虫病近几年的流行特点和诊断防治方法。