几种药效防治柑桔潜叶蛾田间试验

本世纪以来,随着农村产业结构的调整和柑桔种植面积的扩大,柑桔潜叶蛾的发生逐年加重,加之果农长期、大量使用化学农药,致使该虫产生明显抗药性,防治效果不断下降。为生产上推荐安全、高效的防治药剂,本文开展了6种杀虫剂对柑桔潜叶蛾的田间试验。结果表明,6种供试药剂对柑桔潜叶蛾的防治效果不尽相同,5%/阿维菌素6000倍液速效性、持效性和保梢效果都最高,其次为2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯1000倍液、10%虫螨腈悬浮剂1500倍液和20%啶虫脒12000倍液,而20%丁硫克百威1500倍液和10%联苯菊酯3000倍液的防效和保梢效果相对较差。试验期间6种药剂对柑橘均安全。生产上要选择好防治适期和防效好的药剂,同时注意不同药剂轮换交替使用。     

防治枸橘潜叶甲成虫药剂的效果评价

为了筛选有效的枸橘潜叶甲防治药剂,本文选用20%丁硫克百威乳油等20种常用化学药剂,在桂林地区的红江橙和柚树上进行了柑枸橘潜叶甲防治效果试验。结果表明,20%丁硫克百威乳油、2.5%溴氰菊酯乳油、10%高效氯氰菊酯乳油、40%丙溴磷乳油等14种药剂,防治越冬代出蛰的成虫或新一代成虫效果较好,每年施药1次即可达到防治目标;50%灭蝇胺可湿性粉剂、1.14%甲维盐乳油、1.8%阿维菌素乳油和20%烯腚虫胺水分散粒剂的速效性较好,但持效性较差;15%哒螨灵乳油和20%氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂则不宜作为枸橘潜叶甲的防治药剂。     

四唑虫酰胺对柑橘潜叶蛾的防效评价

选取新型杀虫剂18%四唑虫酰胺悬浮剂和当前常用药剂25克/升溴氰菊酯乳油、1.8%阿维菌素乳油于2018年在广东省农业科学院白云试验基地柑橘园和2019年在广州市南沙区东涌镇柑橘园对潜叶蛾进行了田间防效试验。结果表明：18%四唑虫酰胺悬浮剂10000~20000倍液对柑橘潜叶蛾药后10 d的杀虫效果为82.81%~93.13%,药后14 d的保梢效果为76.87%~89.26%;对照药剂25克/升溴氰菊酯乳油1000倍液的杀虫效果和保梢效果均显著低于试验药剂各浓度的效果,1.8%阿维菌素乳油2000倍液的杀虫效果和保梢效果与试验药剂20000倍液的防效相当,但显著低于10000倍液和15000倍液的防效。18%四唑虫酰胺悬浮剂能够有效防治柑橘潜叶蛾,且对柑橘安全,对非靶标生物无明显影响。     

茚虫威和氯虫苯甲酰胺对柞蚕的毒性与安全性评价

茚虫威和氯虫苯甲酰胺具有高效、持久的杀虫活性,对天敌昆虫及哺乳动物安全,在农作物害虫防治中被广泛应用。为明确茚虫威和氯虫苯甲酰胺在柞园及柞园周边农田使用对柞蚕生产的影响,采用喷施法测定2种杀虫剂对柞蚕的急性毒性、熏蒸毒性和残毒期。结果表明,茚虫威和氯虫苯甲酰胺对柞蚕3龄幼虫的72 h LC_(50)分别为0.465×10~(-3)、15.567×10~(-3) mg/L,属于剧毒级;熏蒸毒性极低,全茧量和茧层量与对照差异不显著;2种药剂残毒期极长,均超过30 d。鉴于2种药剂对柞蚕具有很强的急性毒性和极长的残毒期,应当禁止在柞园内使用。     

三种杀虫剂不同施药时期防治香蕉花蓟马的比较试验

为探索香蕉生产中防治花蓟马的最佳施药时期。测定吡虫啉、毒死蜱和高效氯氟氰菊酯,在香蕉花蕾现蕾期、苞片打开1-3梳期、苞片打开4-8梳期采用喷雾法施药。结果表明,供试三种药剂在香蕉现蕾期施药优于其它两个时期,其中,70%吡虫啉对果穗的平均防效为85.7%,显著高于毒死蜱和高效氯氟氰菊酯的防效,而在花蕾苞片打开后施药,3种药剂的防效都低于65.0%。同时,在现蕾期施药,3种药剂对果穗不同位置的防效也有差异,其中,第一梳的最高,最高为88.9%,尾梳最差,最低为63.9%,其中吡虫啉的持效性最好,对尾梳的防效为80.2%,显著优于高效氯氟氰菊酯。香蕉现蕾期是防治花蓟马的最佳时期,而吡虫啉是三个药剂中防效最好的。     

三种常用杀虫剂对广西蒙山地区柑橘木虱的田间防效试验

试验在广西梧州市蒙山县蒙山镇甘棠村金秋砂糖橘种植园开展,通过利用三种常用杀虫剂防治柑橘木虱的田间防效试验可知,22.4% 螺虫乙酯SC 、21%噻虫嗪EC、1.8%阿维菌素EC对柑橘木虱均有较好的防效,其中1.8%阿维菌素EC1440倍的防效最优,其次是21%噻虫嗪EC 3360倍,但两者防效差异不显著。三种药剂的持效期均可达15天以上,可在柑橘木虱防治上交替使用。     

柑桔潜叶蛾生物防治的现状及展望

柑桔潜叶蛾是柑桔以及部分芸香科植物上的一种危害性较大的害虫。本文回顾了有关柑桔潜叶蛾生物防治的研究进展与应用概况,主要从病原微生物、性诱剂、植物挥发性次生物质、寄生性天敌及捕食性天敌的研究和应用现状进行了综述,旨在为今后柑桔潜叶蛾的持继综合治理提供生物防治方面的参考。     

在稻桑混栽地区水稻治虫慎用氯虫苯甲酰胺

氯虫苯甲酰胺是新开发的高效杀虫剂,对水稻鳞翅目害虫表现出速效性好和持效性长。家蚕和稻纵卷叶螟同属鳞翅目昆虫,为了探讨该药剂在稻桑混栽区水稻上使用对家蚕的安全性,2008年、2009年江苏省植保站组织海安县蚕桑站和东台市蚕桑技术指导管理中心进行了氯虫苯甲酰胺对家蚕的毒性试验。     

不同药剂对柑桔锈壁虱田间药效试验

为防治柑桔锈壁虱提供高效药剂,开展了3种新型药剂效防治柑桔锈壁虱田间药效试验。结果表明,15%唑虫酰胺悬浮剂3000～5000倍液、500克/升氟啶胺悬浮剂1000～2000倍液、5%阿维菌素?虱螨脲乳油4000～6000倍液对柑桔锈壁虱防治效果较好,药后1～28天防效在96%以上,速效性好,持效期长。与生产常用药剂1.8%阿维菌素乳油3000倍液比较,各处理与对照药剂之间防效没有显著性差异。试验剂量范围内未发现药剂对柑桔产生药害,也未发现对天敌产生不利影响,可以在柑桔上推广应用。     

性诱剂对象山县柑橘潜叶蛾的诱捕效果研究

本文利用性诱剂对象山县柑橘园中的柑橘潜叶蛾Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton进行了种群动态监测,同时研究了诱捕器不同悬挂高度、位置及离橘园不同距离对性诱剂诱集柑橘潜叶蛾效果的影响。结果表明,柑橘潜叶蛾虫量在8月开始迅速上升,8月12日达到最高峰,9月到10月间断出现4个小高峰,11月之后虫量很低;性诱捕装置所诱柑橘潜叶蛾数量显著高于对照组;诱捕器的悬挂高度对性诱剂诱捕柑橘潜叶蛾的诱集量无显著影响;在树冠边缘和树冠中心悬挂诱捕器对性诱剂诱捕柑橘潜叶蛾也无显著影响;柑橘潜叶蛾性诱剂的有效诱捕距离应在20m范围之内,超过20m则诱虫效果显著下降。上述结果表明,科学使用性诱剂可以有效控制象山县柑橘潜叶蛾的危害,为当地带来重要的经 济效益和社会效益。     

国内生态恢复研究进展

本文介绍了生态恢复的研究进展,从生态恢复的定义、退化生态系统的指标等方面进行阐述,重点对国内在恢复生态学方面的进展做了介绍.对当前的人工草地、草地农业的研究情况做了一些概述.     

国内生态恢复研究进展

本文介绍了生态恢复的研究进展,从生态恢复的定义、退化生态系统的指标等方面进行阐述,重点对国内在恢复生态学方面的进展做了介绍。对当前的人工草地、草地农业的研究情况做了一些概述。     

Veterinary pathology in Europe in the light of the congresses of the European Society of Veterinary Pathology in the last decade

This paper presents the main trends in the activity of European veterinary pathologists in the context of their oral presentations (plenary lectures and short presentations) and posters provided during annual meetings of the European Society of Veterinary Pathology (ESVP), in the decade 1997-2006. It was found that the issue that was most often brought up in the meetings was organ pathology (566 presentations). Infectious and parasitical diseases were only slightly less frequent (548 presentations). Oncology was another common issue (404 presentations). During this decade, 52 plenary lectures were presented, 765 oral presentations and 1 072 posters. Altogether, 1 889 presentations were made, which is between 127 and 238 per year. Research by Polish scientists accounted for 3.16% of all presentations. Additionally, the subject matter discussed at the annual meetings is analysed, and the trends in the development of veterinary diagnostic pathology and broad pathology education are indicated. It is shown that veterinary pathology enhances knowledge in the field of veterinary medicine by fulfilling a cognitive and diagnostic role.     

Application of the log-linear model in the prediction of the antinuclear antibody test in the dog

To find possible associations between antinuclear antibody (ANA) pattern, ANA titer, and certain clinical changes and clinical laboratory test results in dogs, the veterinary medical records of 111 ANA-positive and 126 ANA-negative dogs were examined. Variables could not be found that had significant associations with ANA pattern (unlike the results in persons), because of the predominance of 2 patterns. A log-linear model for ANA titer adequately fit the observed frequency and included 2-way interactions between titer and polyarthritis, titer and hematologic disorders, and polyarthritis and lymphadenopathy.     

Evidence for the non-involvement of the uterus in the lifespan of the corpus luteum in the cyclic dog

Progesterone levels in peripheral blood of dogs were analysed during the cycle in which hysterectomy (n = 5) or sham surgery (n = 3) was performed as well as during the cycle of dogs (n = 5) hysterectomized at least one year prior to this study; the data were compared with the findings in control dogs (n = 3). The averages of the duration of the luteal period observed in the three experimental groups were not significantly different from those of control dogs. Immediately after surgery, the progesterone level decreased from 25 to 50% of the presurgical level, but returned to presurgical level in about four days. Prolactin levels were elevated for about 30 h after surgery. Nevertheless, the averages of the mean prolactin levels for each animal during the luteal period of the experimental groups were not significantly different from those of control dogs. It is concluded that in the dog, the uterus is not involved in the lifespan of the cyclic corpus luteum.     

Disturbance in the growth of the radius in dogs

In a 4-year period nine dogs have been met in which there was incomplete growth of the radius. The condition was unilateral in eight dogs and bilateral in one. Two were littermates. The defect is due to premature cessation of growth of the distal growth plate of the radius but the cause of this is not precisely known. It is recognized by characteristic radiographic changes in radius length, elbow joint space and premature closure of the distal growth plate of the radius. A method of surgical treatment has been devised and has proved beneficial in five dogs. Zusammenfassung. In einer Vierjahresperiode wurden neun Hunde beobachtet, bei denen ein unvollständiges Wachstum des Radius vorlag. Bei acht Hunden war der Zustand nur auf einer Seite zu finden, bei einem Hund auf beiden Seiten. Zwei der Hunde gehörten zum gleichen Wurf. Der Mangel ist auf verfrühte Wachstumseinstellung der distalen Wachstumsplatte des Radius zurückzuführen, jedoch ist die Ursache davon nicht genau bekannt. Er wird an charakteristischen radiographischen Veränderungen der Radiuslänge, des Ellbogengelenkzwischenraums und vorzeitigem Abschluss der distalen Wachstumsplatte des Radius erkannt. Es wurde eine chirurgische Behandlungsmethode entwickelt, die sich bei fünf Hunden als nutzlich erwies. Résumé. Au cows d'une période de 4 ans on a observé 9 cas de croissance incomplète du radius chez des chiens; l'anomalie était unilatérale dans 8 cas et bilatérale dans un cas; deux chiens appartenaient à la même portée. L'anomalie est due à l'arrêt prématuré de croissance de la plaque de croissance distale du radius, mais la cause n'en est pas encore connue d'une manière précise. Le diagnostic se fait par les signes radiologiques caractéristiques, modifications de la longueur du radius, de l'articulation du coude et soudure prématurée de la plaque de croissance du radius. On a élaboré une méthode de traitement chirurgical, qui s'est montrée favorable chez 5 chiens.     

Modelling the transmission of Echinococcus granulosus in dogs in the northwest and in the southwest of Morocco

Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus) infection was studied in 151 dogs in two regions of Morocco: 68 dogs in the northwest (Loukkos) and 83 dogs in the southwest (Tiznit). The mean prevalence rates of echinococcosis in dogs were 58.82% (46.23-70.63%) in Loukkos and 55.42% (44.10-66.34%) in Tiznit and the mean abundances of E. granulosus per dog were 75 (59-93) and 547 (504-595), respectively. The mean abundance of E. granulosus in dogs was fitted to a negative binomial distribution by the maximum likelihood techniques to define parameters. E. granulosus was aggregated in dogs in the two regions. The prevalence of infection and the abundance of E. granulosus in dogs were fitted to mathematical models in order to determine if the parasite population is partly regulated by definitive host immunity. The best fit was obtained with the models assuming the presence of immunity. The mean time of exposure to infection was similar in the two regions and ranged from 8 months to about 2 years. The infection pressures (number of E. granulosus) obtained per dog each year were 65 (8-294) in Loukkos and 476 (316-886) in Tiznit. The proportion of dogs susceptible to infection was still high along the life of the dogs in Loukkos, while it was not different from zero in old dogs of Tiznit.