迟花芙蓉李栽培技术

迟花芙蓉李是从芙蓉李品种中选育出来的优良单株 ,开花期比芙蓉李迟 ,可避开早春低温阴雨对授粉受精的影响 ,具备高产、稳产、优质等特性。果实清香 ,果汁多 ,果肉质地脆 ,酸甜可口。根据该品系的特点 ,现将其栽培技术总结如下。1　整形修剪整形 :此品种树体分级次较少 ,主枝数目较多 ,树形以自然开心形为好。即在树上约 40cm处定干 ,尔后离地面 2 0cm以内选留 3个主枝 ,3个主枝的分布应均衡且健壮生长 ,其余枝可删除 ,当年冬季短剪主枝先端。第 2年可在每主枝上选留 2～ 3个分布均匀并向外侧生长的副主枝 ,而主枝上的剪口芽通过每年的培养…     

梨树新型平棚架树形的结构、产量及品质调查与分析

以‘鄂梨二号’梨为试材,调查梨树新型平棚架树形—双臂顺行式的树体结构、果实产量及品质,结果表明：7年生‘鄂梨二号’,树体主干高115.3cm,树体结构级次少(三级：主干-主枝-侧枝),两大主枝沿行向延伸,侧枝单轴延伸即为结果枝,未培养结果枝组。单株产量48.07kg,平均单果重285.2g,可溶性固形物含量为12.4%,优质果占总果数的86%,总产量的92%;所有枝梢在架面以上,架下生产操作便利,果实产量高、品质优、商品果率高。     

龙眼嫁接最适合的部位

1996年4月,笔者对3～5年的实生龙眼进行不同部位的嫁接试验,接穗选取“水南1号”良种树上1～2年生的红润枝条。嫁接部位分为主干、主枝、副主枝、3～4级侧枝4种,均采用切接法。接活后不采取任何辅助措施促进分枝,让其自然生长,12月底调查生长势与分枝情况。结果是:龙眼嫁接部位在主干上越靠近地面,生长势越强;在主枝或副主枝上距分叉处越近,生长势越强;在3～4级侧枝上则生长势相对较弱。说明龙眼嫁接的最适部位是在离地面30～50cm的主干或距分叉处15～20cm的主枝或     

枝干受损树势衰靠接换根可复壮

目前,桃源县剪市、三阳、太平桥一带桔园吉丁虫(爆皮虫、溜皮虫)为害猖獗,导致树势衰弱,叶片枯黄,防治虫害后,树势仍难恢复。主干、主枝受损,采取靠接枳砧或酸橙砧,可以挽救和迅速恢复树势,达到复壮目的。1定植砧木靠接前在虫害树周围,距主干10cm左右,栽3～5株枳或酸橙苗,直径粗1～2cm。最好是头年栽植或上半年栽植,下半年靠接。2靠接时间各次梢萌发之前,以2—4月或8—9月底为宜。3靠接方法在栽好的枳或酸橙苗中,选方位均匀错开的2～3株靠接。靠接部位选在为害部位以上10～20cm处。接着在砧木对应枝、干地方,选择平滑部位各开一个“U”形接…     

布朗李修剪出效益

布朗李生长快 ,生长量大 ,生长势强 ,树冠容易郁闭。根据高产经验 ,布朗李修剪即可出效益。1　树冠整形　自然开心形 :干高 4 0cm左右 ,不留中央领导干 ,主干上留 3～ 4个主枝 ,基部邻接 ,呈4 0°角向外开张延伸 ,每个主枝上留 2～ 3个侧枝 ,开张角度 6 0°～ 70° ,侧枝上着生结果枝组。此种树形结构简单 ,树势稳定 ,整形容易 ,侧枝强 ,光照好 ,枝组寿命长 ,结果面积大 ,产量稳定 ,易于丰产。“V”形 :也称主枝开心形。一般南北向栽植 ,株行距 (1 5～ 2 )m× 4m ,干高 30～ 4 0cm ,树高 2 5～3m ,每株留两个大主枝 ,向东西方向伸展 ,二主…     

板栗低产园增产技术

在贵州省道真县调查 ,10年生的板栗园总面积约 80hm2 ,年总产量仅 10 0 0～ 15 0 0kg ,平均每6 6 7m2 产量 1kg左右。经过调查研究 ,我们提出相应的增产技术措施。1　培养丰产树体结构 ,合理修剪　板栗特别喜光 ,生产上一般采用自然开心形和双层开心形树形。自然开心形无中心干 ,3～ 4个主枝向外斜生 ,树冠稍矮而开张 ,内膛通风透光好 ,适合密植 ,是较好的一种树形。双层开心形一般基部有 3～ 4个主枝 ,隔1 2～ 1 4m(层间距 )再留 2～ 3个小主枝 ,然后去掉中心干 ,将其延伸高度控制在 2～ 2 5m。主要修剪技术 :为充实内膛、控制树冠 ,应…     

浅谈从江椪柑幼龄树整形

从江柑幼龄树一般表现为生长直立 ,结构紧凑 ,枝梢簇生 ,分枝角度小 ,徒长性强 ,顶端优势明显等特点。通过对柑幼龄树的整形 ,可加大主枝、副主枝和侧枝间的分枝角度 ,使枝梢分布合理。对调节生长、通风透光 ,改善树体骨架结构 ,促进早结丰产、高产稳产都具有十分重要的作用。调查 3年生从江柑树性 ,整形幼树树高163ｃｍ ,冠径东西向 182ｃｍ ,南北向 176ｃｍ ,顶端枝梢优势不明显 ,内膛枝梢稀而壮 ,外围枝梢多而开张 ,中下部枝梢分布均匀 ,单株结果数 12 8个 ,单株产量15 8ｋｇ ;自然形幼树 ,树高 2 14ｃｍ ,冠径东西向 12 5ｃｍ ,南…     

温州蜜柑多头高接换种技术

1高接部位与原则　　高接部位要适度,依树龄大小而定,固树作形,要注意从属关系,平衡树势。6年生以上的树,选3－4个大技作主技,各主枝上安排2－4个侧枝。4－5年生的初结果树主枝上安排1－2个侧枝。2高接时间及方法春季在2－4月,以双芽切接法为主,辅以单芽腹接法;夏季在5－6月,以芽接法（即腹切法）为主;秋季在8月至10月上旬,亦以芽接法为主。3把好嫁接成活关接芽和接砧削面要光滑平整,切（腹）接校的长削面长15－2．0cm,接芽的削面长1．0－1.5cm,芽片要略厚些,多带木质部。作到砧水与接芽两边或一边形成层吻合。大砧木锯（剪…     

龙眼树的春季管理

1　土肥水管理　追肥突出以氮为主 ,兼施磷、钾等 ,尿素每株用 2 0 0ｇ ,另加复合肥 4 0 0ｇ ,促使一次秋梢于8月下旬左右抽生 ,行间间作豆科作物 ,夏季间作物于结实前翻压入土 ,培肥土壤。2　整形修剪　多采取中密度栽植 ,可采用自然圆头形方式整形。春梢抽生后 ,在 50ｃｍ左右摘心定干 ,再选萌发的 2～ 3个健壮且角度较好的侧枝作主枝培养。主枝 30ｃｍ左右时 ,再次摘心 ,选 2～ 3个侧枝作副主枝。以后 ,用同样方法处理分枝 ,使树冠迅速扩大 ,这样 2年生树力求能达到 4～ 5级分枝。摘心的同时根外追施微肥及植物生长调节剂 ,使末次梢在 12…     

柑桔高接换种的配套技术介绍

1高接换种前的整形修剪首先改造原植株骨架,因树造形,分清主次,选留方向、位置好的主校4～6根,去掉多余主枝树较大的伤口要及时徐接蜡或甲基抵布津防腐）,然后将副主枝内侧的直立技、重叠技及离地面30～40cm的枝全部剪除。春季高接将内胜小技剪除,主校两侧直径在1cm以上的侧技留下,主枝、副主枝和侧技顶端直径小于1．5cm的技组不剪,主枝、副主枝和侧技接口附近的弱技、略下垂枝不剪,留作辅养枝,以利接芽成活。夏、秋季高接的内膛小枝尽量多留,并保留主枝、副主枝和侧枝顶端所有技组,以遮荫养根防口灼,留作辅养枝的数量以占原植株枝叶灭的30％～40％为宜。2高接时间和方法高接换种时要求日平均气温12℃以上,春、夏、秋季均可．一般在每次新梢老熟后至下一次新消尚未萌发或刚萌发时进行,但以夏季嫁接的发芽率和成活率最高。一般的柑桔嫁接方法都可用于高接,但芽接和切接较多用。3高接部位和接芽数量用多头高接方法,按树冠大小、枝条粗细分层嫁接,接芽嫁接在直径3cm左右的主枝、副主技或侧枝上。距分枝点25～30cm的地方接第一个芽,以后每隔25～30cm接1芽,直到主枝、副主技或侧枝上端直径1cm左右为止。每株嫁接芽数应根据树龄、树冠大小、生...     

电感耦合等离子-质谱法测定饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅

应用电感耦合等离子-质谱技术(ICP-MS),建立饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅等元素的测定方法。对饲料样品的前处理方法、仪器工作参数和11种元素标准曲线进行优化;并以加标回收、分析方法比对和重复测试说明方法的准确性和精密性。方法在0～1 000 ng/ml范围内线性良好,仪器检出限为0.557 7～5.072 ng/ml,具有良好的精密度,其回收率在88.1%～104.4%之间,相对标准偏差小于5.0%。同时与原子吸收和原子荧光方法进行比对,测定结果相近。所建立的方法简单、快速,可替代原子吸收和原子荧光方法测定饲料中的11种金属元素,为饲料的质量控制提供理想的元素分析方法。     

Supplementation of broodmares with copper, zinc, iron, manganese, cobalt, iodine, and selenium

In experiment 1, 6 pregnant mares received a concentrate that contained a trace mineral premix that provided 14.3 mg Cu, 40 mg Zn, 28 mg Fe, 28 mg Mn, 0.08 mg Co, 0.16 mg I, and 0.16 mg Se/kg concentrate (group A). Seven mares received the same concentrate plus 502 mg Zn and 127 mg Cu once daily (group B). No differences (P > .05) in foal growth data, or Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum were observed. In experiment 2, 6 pregnant mares received the same concentrate as group A (group C), and 8 mares received the same concentrate fortified with 4× the trace mineral premix (group D). Group C mares had higher serum Zn concentration at 1 day (P < 0.01) and 56 days (P < 0.04). Group C mares had higher milk Fe concentration at 28 days (P < .01), and group D mares had higher milk Cu concentration at 56 days (P < .01). Group C foals had higher serum Cu concentration at 14 days (P < .03). The results from this study provide no evidence to indicate that supplementing late gestating and lactating mares with higher dietary trace mineral levels than those recommended currently by NRC has any influence on foal growth and development, or on the Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of the mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum.     

Comparisons of Angus, Charolais, Galloway, Hereford, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, Salers, and Shorthorn breeds for weight, weight adjusted for condition score, height, and condition score of cows

Breed differences for weight (CW), height (CH), and condition score (CS) were estimated from records (n = 12,188) of 2- to 6-yr-old cows (n = 744) from Cycle IV of the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center's Germplasm Evaluation (GPE) Program. Cows were produced from mating Angus and Hereford dams to Angus, Hereford, Charolais, Shorthorn, Galloway, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, and Salers sires. Samples of Angus and Hereford sires were 1) reference sires born from 1962 through 1970 and 2) 1980s sires born in 1980 through 1987. The mixed model included cow age, season of measurement and their interactions, year of birth, pregnancy-lactation code (PL), and breedgroup as fixed effects for CW and CS. Analyses of weight adjusted for condition score included CS as a linear covariate. The model for CH excluded PL. Random effects were additive genetic and permanent environmental effects associated with the cow. Differences among breed groups were significant (P < 0.05) for all traits and were maintained through maturity with few interchanges in ranking. The order of F1 cows for weight was as follows: Charolais (506 to 635 kg for different ages), Shorthorn and Salers, reciprocal Hereford-Angus (HA) with 1980s sires, Nellore, HA with reference sires, Galloway, Piedmontese, and Longhorn (412 to 525 kg for different ages). Order for height was as follows: Nellore (136 to 140 cm), Charolais, Shorthorn, Salers, HA with 1980s sires, Piedmontese, Longhorn, Galloway and HA with reference sires (126 to 128 cm). Hereford and Angus cows with reference sires were generally lighter than those with 1980s sires. In general, breed differences for height followed those for weight except that F1 Nellore cows were tallest, which may in part be due to Bos taurus-Bos indicus heterosis for size.     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物尿液中11种β-受体激动剂残留量的不确定度评估

采用液相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物尿液中11种β-受体激动剂残留量,对标准溶液、体积、质谱峰面积、浓缩过程及回收率等测定不确定度因素进行了分析,通过评定各不确定度分量及标准不确定度,得出11种β-受体激动剂的扩展不确定度在0.7 ～ 1.1 ng/mL范围内.由各因素对合成不确定度的贡献比分析可知,影响较大的因素为试验回收率及标准溶液浓度.     

Granulocyte isolation from whole blood of goat, sheep, cattle, horse, dog, pig, and man

A simple two step procedure for the isolation of caprine, ovine, bovine, equine, canine, porcine and human peripheral blood granulocytes is described. After enrichment of granulocytes by centrifugation, contaminating erythrocytes are lysed hypotonically. Recovery, purity, and viability of the granulocyte suspensions are determined. FACScan analysis of the cell suspensions measuring cellular size by forward and sideward light scatter is compared with the corresponding analysis of whole blood leukocytes. Constituencies of the isolated cell suspensions and loss of granulocyte subpopulations through isolation procedure is discussed with regard to granulocyte function assays.