费约果不同品种果实品质比较研究

以‘Unique’、‘Coolidge’、‘Gemini’、‘Mammoth’、‘Triumph’ 5个费约果品种为试验材料,探讨不同品种费约果引种绵阳地区后所产生的果实品质差异。试验结果表明：在自然生长条件下,单株平均产量最大为‘Unique’,5125.86g; ‘Gemini’ 平均坐果率最高,为53.06%;单果重由大到小依次是‘Coolidge’ 25.84g >‘Gemini’25.67g>‘Triumph’25.44g>‘Mammoth’ 22.23g> ‘Unique’ 18.26g;平均可溶性蛋白质含量‘Gemini’和‘Mammoth’较高,分别达到605.01 mg/g和556.72mg/g, ‘Unique’最低仅为253.83 mg/g;平均可溶性总糖含量最高的是‘Unique’为14.93%, ‘Triumph’ ‘Coolidge’次之,‘Mammoth’最低为5.10 %;‘Unique’、‘Coolidge’和‘Mammoth’的平均可溶性固形物含量均达到12.00%以上,最低的是‘Gemini’为10.90%。总体来看, ‘Unique’单果重和可溶性蛋白次于其他品种,但其可食率最高,单株产量、可溶性糖含量、可溶性固形物含量及糖酸比等指标均显著高于其它品种（P<0.05）。综合比较,在绵阳地区‘Unique’品种为优质高产品种,具有潜在的推广价值。     

费约果不同品种叶片形态结构及光合特性研究

本试验以Coolidge、Mammoth、Unique、Apollo、Gemini 和Triumph 6个费约果品种为材料,采用形态观察、显微观察、仪器分析、相关回归分析等方法对费约果不同品种的叶片形态结构及其光合特性进行比较研究,以期为品种适应性评估提供依据。本研究结果表明6个品种费约果叶片的长度、宽度、形状、面积和重量均有所不同;其叶片为典型的异面叶,栅栏组织层数较多,为3层,具有较强的光合能力。但6个品种费约果的角质层厚度、上下表皮厚度、第一层栅栏组织细胞密度和主脉厚度均有所差异,其中Triumph在角质层厚度、上下表皮厚度、第一层栅栏组织细胞密度和主脉厚度几个指标上均显著大于其它品种;Coolidge、 Mammoth和Gemini次之;Unique和Apollo最小。6个费约果品种的日平均净光合速率(Pn)、日平均气孔导度(Gs)、日平均胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和日平均蒸腾速率(Tr)4个指标间均无显著差异,但都呈现出规律性的变化, 其日变化趋势多数相似,其中净光合速率（Pn）日变化趋势不同。     

费约果嫁接繁殖研究

采用L9(34)正交试验设计,研究了费约果品种（Unique、Coolidge和Mammoth）、嫁接方法（切接、劈接和枝腹接）和嫁接季节（夏季、秋季和春季）对嫁接成活率的影响。结果表明：不同品种间嫁接成活率差异不显著,嫁接季节是影响嫁接成活率的主要因素,其次是嫁接方法。最佳嫁接季节是春季,嫁接成活率为49.63%,最佳嫁接方法是切接法,嫁接成活率为38.52%,最佳试验组合——Mammoth在春季采用切接法,嫁接成活率达到84.47%。     

植物生长调节剂、基质对三个品种费约果扦插生根的影响

选取五年生健壮费约果树为母株,采用L9(33)正交设计法研究植物生长调节剂、基质对三个品种费约果半木质化枝条扦插生根的影响。本试验结果表明：不同品种、植物生长调节剂和基质处理的生根的影响呈显著性水平。影响费约果扦插枝条生根率因素的主次顺序为品种>植物生长调节剂>基质;影响根长因素的主次顺序为基质>植物生长调节剂>品种;影响插穗根数的因素主次顺序品种>基质>植物生长调节剂。Gemini品种经1000 mg/L ABT浸泡两分钟,以腐叶土+珍珠岩为基质,生根效果最好,生根率为70.00%,平均根长为8.85 cm,平均根数为10.22条/穗;Unique品种经1000 mg/L ABT浸泡两分钟,以腐叶土+蛭石为基质,生根效果较好,生根率为56.67%,平均根长为9.32 cm,平均根数为12.33条/穗;Coolidge品种生根率低,均≤20 %。     

白三叶种子产量及产量构成要素的研究

以拉迪诺、爱丽丝、胡依阿、考拉、瑞文德、百霸、海法、那诺克、白兰莎及贵州白三叶共10个白三叶品种为材料,研究了10个白三叶品种的种子产量及产量构成要素.结果表明:各品种间小花胚珠数差异不显著(P>0.05);百霸单位面积花序数最多,达1 825.00个/平方米;拉迪诺花序小花数和荚果数最多,与其他品种间差异显著(P<0.05);贵州白三叶英果种子数最多,与其他品种间差异显著(P<0.05);百霸千粒重显著高于其他品种(P<05);百霸种子产量显著高于同时期其他品种(P<0.05),实际种子产量高达74.50g/m2;品种间收获系数差异不显著.产量构成要素与拉迪诺、爱丽丝、瑞文德和贵州白三叶种子产量间相关不显著;胡依阿种子产量影响因子是花序小花数(P≤0.01);考拉种子产量主要影响因子是花序小花数和单粒种子重(P≤0.01);所有产量要素均与百霸种子产量呈显著正相关(P≤0.05);海法种子产量主要影响因子是单位面积花序数和荚果种子数(P≤0.01)以及花序小花数(P≤0.05).     

剪花与摘花对杧果二次成花及产量、品质的影响

摘要：恶劣的天气条件不利于杧果的开花、座果,影响整体产量。为减少恶劣天气对杧果开花坐果的不利影响,探索了剪花、摘花及两者组合调节杧果花期的技术,研究其对杧果二次开花、产量和品质的影响。试验设置了3个处理,即剪花处理(T1)、摘花处理(T2)和剪花与摘花组合处理(T3),以保留原花序作为对照(CK)。结果表明,与对照相比,3种处理均能形成二次花序,延迟花期,提高产量。其中T3处理形成3批花序,枝条二次成花率最高,达59.99%~65.85%,三年平均62.87%,极显著高于其他处理,平均株产量达46.21kg~48.44kg,三年平均47.53kg,显著高于其他处理,果实品质各处理无显著差异。因此,剪花与摘花组合能更有效的应对杧果花期恶劣天气,形成稳定的产量和品质,可作为生产应用参考。     

‘蜂糖李’幼果期不同留果量对坐果率、产量及品质的影响

为研究蜂糖李幼果期不同留果量对蜂糖李果实品质及坐果率的影响。在花后一个月,疏除整株幼果的1/5、1/4、1/3,以不疏果处理为对照。试验结果： 1、不同处理之间坐果率、单果重、单株产量显著高于对照。T3处理坐果率和单果重最高,为76%和77.93g。T1、T3、T2的单株产量分别为24.54kg、23.24kg、17.95kg显著高于CK的13.21kg。2、疏果处理能提高果实的纵横径,而对果形指数无影响,各处理的可溶性固形物和固酸比显著高于对照。试验结论：疏出全株幼果的1/3处理效果最佳,能显著提高其坐果率、单果重及产量,对果实外观品质和内在品质都有提升作用。     

扁穗雀麦优良品系数量性状的变异分析及遗传参数评估

以扁穗雀麦的9个新品系和2个国审品种为供试材料,采用方差分析方法,估算了21个数量性状的有关遗传参数,并结合性状间相关性分析和聚类分析对扁穗雀麦育种时的选择效果和育种潜力进行了评价。结果显示:达到显著水平的17个性状中14个性状广义遗传力处于极高水平,依次为单株干重、旗叶叶鞘长、旗叶宽、初级分枝数、倒二叶宽、茎粗、单株种子产量、株高、小穗数等,3个性状广义遗传力处于中等水平或中高水平,其中倒二叶长最低,其次为第1节间长。株高、倒二叶叶鞘长、旗叶宽、倒二叶宽、茎粗、分蘖数、花序数、小穗数、初级分枝数、单株干重和单株种子产量表现出较高的遗传进度,第1节间长、旗叶叶鞘长和小花数为中等,旗叶长和花序节数较低。此外,新品系在单株产量相关性状上总体优于两个国审品种,主要特征为植株高,叶片宽,茎秆粗壮,基部第1节间较短,分蘖数多,单株干重和种子产量高等特点。第1组(新品系组)内,BCS1103的株高和单株产草量最高,分蘖数较多;BCS1106的叶片最宽,分蘖数、圆锥花序数和小穗数最多,单株产草量和单株种子产量最高;BCS1109的基部第1节间,叶鞘最长,叶片最窄,茎秆最细,初级分枝数最多。第2组内,黔南比江夏表现出更优异的产草相关性状。综合试验结果认为,在注重产草量对扁穗雀麦进行选择时,株高、旗叶宽、分蘖数、倒二叶宽、茎粗和花序数的可靠性较大,选择效果较好。在注重种子产量进行选择时,分蘖数、花序数、单株生物量和株高的可靠性较大,效果较好。另外,本试验中的新品系与供试品种相比,在产草性状和种子生产性状方面均占有明显优势,具有选育出牧草新品种的潜力。     

柠条种子产量与主要农艺性状的通径分析

对柠条的7个农艺性状和单株种子产量进行了相关和通径分析。结果表明，在7个农艺性状中除果层高外其它性状都与单株种子产量呈显著或极显著正相关。7个农艺性状对单株种子产量的直接通径系数依次为：每序结荚数（X5）＞每序小花数（X4）＞每株花序数（X3）＞千粒重（X7）＞果层高（X1）＞每株丛单株数（X2）＞每荚种子粒数（X6）。要提高种子产量，首先应提高每花序结荚数。     

羊柴种子产量与主要农艺性状的通径分析

对羊柴的7个农艺性状和单株种子产量进行了相关和通径分析。结果表明，7个农艺性状中除了果层高度外，其它性状都与单株种子产量呈显著或极显著正相关。7个农艺性状对单株种子产量的直接通径系数次序为:每序结荚树（X5）＞每株花序数（X3）＞果层高（X1）＞每果种子粒数（X6）＞每序小花数（X4）＞每株丛单株数（X2）＞千粒重（X7)。要提高种子产量，首先应提高每花序结荚数。     

Comparisons of Angus, Charolais, Galloway, Hereford, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, Salers, and Shorthorn breeds for weight, weight adjusted for condition score, height, and condition score of cows

Breed differences for weight (CW), height (CH), and condition score (CS) were estimated from records (n = 12,188) of 2- to 6-yr-old cows (n = 744) from Cycle IV of the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center's Germplasm Evaluation (GPE) Program. Cows were produced from mating Angus and Hereford dams to Angus, Hereford, Charolais, Shorthorn, Galloway, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, and Salers sires. Samples of Angus and Hereford sires were 1) reference sires born from 1962 through 1970 and 2) 1980s sires born in 1980 through 1987. The mixed model included cow age, season of measurement and their interactions, year of birth, pregnancy-lactation code (PL), and breedgroup as fixed effects for CW and CS. Analyses of weight adjusted for condition score included CS as a linear covariate. The model for CH excluded PL. Random effects were additive genetic and permanent environmental effects associated with the cow. Differences among breed groups were significant (P < 0.05) for all traits and were maintained through maturity with few interchanges in ranking. The order of F1 cows for weight was as follows: Charolais (506 to 635 kg for different ages), Shorthorn and Salers, reciprocal Hereford-Angus (HA) with 1980s sires, Nellore, HA with reference sires, Galloway, Piedmontese, and Longhorn (412 to 525 kg for different ages). Order for height was as follows: Nellore (136 to 140 cm), Charolais, Shorthorn, Salers, HA with 1980s sires, Piedmontese, Longhorn, Galloway and HA with reference sires (126 to 128 cm). Hereford and Angus cows with reference sires were generally lighter than those with 1980s sires. In general, breed differences for height followed those for weight except that F1 Nellore cows were tallest, which may in part be due to Bos taurus-Bos indicus heterosis for size.     

Supplementation of broodmares with copper, zinc, iron, manganese, cobalt, iodine, and selenium

In experiment 1, 6 pregnant mares received a concentrate that contained a trace mineral premix that provided 14.3 mg Cu, 40 mg Zn, 28 mg Fe, 28 mg Mn, 0.08 mg Co, 0.16 mg I, and 0.16 mg Se/kg concentrate (group A). Seven mares received the same concentrate plus 502 mg Zn and 127 mg Cu once daily (group B). No differences (P > .05) in foal growth data, or Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum were observed. In experiment 2, 6 pregnant mares received the same concentrate as group A (group C), and 8 mares received the same concentrate fortified with 4× the trace mineral premix (group D). Group C mares had higher serum Zn concentration at 1 day (P < 0.01) and 56 days (P < 0.04). Group C mares had higher milk Fe concentration at 28 days (P < .01), and group D mares had higher milk Cu concentration at 56 days (P < .01). Group C foals had higher serum Cu concentration at 14 days (P < .03). The results from this study provide no evidence to indicate that supplementing late gestating and lactating mares with higher dietary trace mineral levels than those recommended currently by NRC has any influence on foal growth and development, or on the Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of the mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum.     

Concentrations of strontium,barium, cadmium,copper, zinc,manganese, chromium,antimony, selenium,and lead in the liver and kidneys of dogs according to age,gender, and the occurrence of chronic kidney disease

This study was conducted to measure the concentrations of strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), antimony (Sb), selenium (Se), and lead (Pb) in canine liver, renal cortex, and renal medulla, and the association of these concentrations with age, gender, and occurrence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Tissues from 50 dogs were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Cu, Zn, and Mn levels were highest in the liver followed by the renal cortex and renal medulla. The highest Sr, Cd, and Se concentrations were measured in the renal cortex while lower levels were found in the renal medulla and liver. Female dogs had higher tissue concentrations of Sr (liver and renal medulla), Cd (liver), Zn (liver and renal cortex), Cr (liver, renal cortex, and renal medulla), and Pb (liver) than male animals. Except for Mn and Sb, age-dependent variations were observed for all element concentrations in the canine tissues. Hepatic Cd and Cr concentrations were higher in dogs with CKD. In conclusion, the present results provide new knowledge about the storage of specific elements in canine liver and kidneys, and can be considered important reference data for diagnostic methods and further investigations.     

Granulocyte isolation from whole blood of goat, sheep, cattle, horse, dog, pig, and man

A simple two step procedure for the isolation of caprine, ovine, bovine, equine, canine, porcine and human peripheral blood granulocytes is described. After enrichment of granulocytes by centrifugation, contaminating erythrocytes are lysed hypotonically. Recovery, purity, and viability of the granulocyte suspensions are determined. FACScan analysis of the cell suspensions measuring cellular size by forward and sideward light scatter is compared with the corresponding analysis of whole blood leukocytes. Constituencies of the isolated cell suspensions and loss of granulocyte subpopulations through isolation procedure is discussed with regard to granulocyte function assays.     

电感耦合等离子-质谱法测定饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅

应用电感耦合等离子-质谱技术(ICP-MS),建立饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅等元素的测定方法。对饲料样品的前处理方法、仪器工作参数和11种元素标准曲线进行优化;并以加标回收、分析方法比对和重复测试说明方法的准确性和精密性。方法在0～1 000 ng/ml范围内线性良好,仪器检出限为0.557 7～5.072 ng/ml,具有良好的精密度,其回收率在88.1%～104.4%之间,相对标准偏差小于5.0%。同时与原子吸收和原子荧光方法进行比对,测定结果相近。所建立的方法简单、快速,可替代原子吸收和原子荧光方法测定饲料中的11种金属元素,为饲料的质量控制提供理想的元素分析方法。     

Department of Clinical Veterinary Practices, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4

Circular excised skin wounds in the thoracic and metatarsal regions of the dog were studied. A similar sequence of events took place in the two regions although differences did occur due to the different reactions of the tissues which surrounded the wounds. None of the wound cavities became filled with exudate during the early stages of healing. In the thoracic wounds the cavities were largely filled by the swelling and inward movement of adipose tissue. Epithelium first grew on the wound surface in the sector of the wound that was situated in the direction of hair flow. The average time to complete epithelization was similar in both sets of wounds. A zone of alopecia developed around the wounds.