红肉火龙果周年生长节律与一年三茬(熟)栽培技术

以“大红”红肉火龙果结果树为观测研究对象,对全年的现蕾盛花成熟批次进行了对照命名,通过周年生长动态观测明确了各批次花和果实的抽生发育时间节点;在综合多个单项试验结果的基础上,结合多年栽培管理经验,首次集成总结出以“补光延长光照与持续去蕾疏花处理”为关键调控措施的红肉火龙果一年三茬(熟)栽培周年管理关键技术与时间节点;技术的应用可缓解不同火龙果产区自然成熟上市日期和产量同步性高,鲜果上市高峰期与市场需求匹配度较低的问题,具有较高的推广应用价值。     

不同批次火龙果果实品质分析与评价

【目的】为了探究不同月份采摘的火龙果果实品质之间的差异,【方法】本文以红皮红肉火龙果(‘红冠1号’、‘红冠2号’、‘湛江红肉’、‘49-3’、‘莞华红’、‘红水晶’)、红皮白肉(‘莞华白’、‘红宝石’、‘阳西白肉’)、红皮粉红肉(‘莞华红粉’)和红皮双色肉(‘双色1号’)为材料进行品质分析。【结果】火龙果红肉品种在一年内结果批次比其他品种多,产果期更长。品种间的单个品质指标在批次间有显著差异,综合指标比较发现11个品种的第7、8、9批果综合品质普遍较好,第3、4、5、6批果综合品质普遍稍差。【结论】火龙果一年间的多批次果实在品质上存在显著差异,可通过栽培技术调节来满足市场需求,本研究具有实际的应用价值,可为火龙果的生产提供理论依据。     

广西:火龙果补光诱导产期调节技术取得进展

据广西农业科学院网站有关消息,2018年12月16日,由广西农业科学院园艺研究所主持的“优势特色水果生态高效栽培技术研究与应用”的“火龙果产期调节技术研究与应用”课题在南宁市实验基地实施的“补光诱导火龙果秋延后结果产期调节技术示范”通过了现场查定。据查定结果显示,示范区秋延后结果2个大批次,其中第一批次冬季果比对照同批次产量高340.0%,第二批次冬季果将于2019年1月上中旬成熟,预计产量可达600~800kg/667m^2,而对照同批次未有挂果。     

火龙果和霸王花授粉效应

摘要：用常规方法测定了红皮白肉白玉龙(Hylocereus undatus Britt. et Rose)火龙果、红皮红肉珠龙(Hylocereus polyrhizus (Weber)Britt. et Rose)火龙果和霸王花（Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Urilt. et Rose）的花器性状,对3个试验材料进行了相互人工异花授粉,对红肉火龙果和霸王花进行了人工自花授粉,并试验了红肉火龙果人工自花授粉的有效时间段。结果表明：在自然条件下,白肉火龙果坐果率超过95%,红肉火龙果坐果率10%以下,霸王花只开花不结果,红肉火龙果和霸王花的柱头高出雄蕊是红肉火龙果坐果率低,霸王花只开花不结果的生物学障碍;3个试验材料相互人工异花授粉,红肉火龙果和霸王花人工自花授粉,其坐果率均达到90%以上;从当晚花蕾开放起到第二天上午10时是红肉火龙果人工授粉的有效期。创造提高授粉效率的新技术和选育自然自花授粉的新品种是红肉火龙果高产优质低成本栽培的有效措施。     

海南火龙果反季节生产技术初探

通过灯照打破暗周期可以调节火龙果产期,生产出反季节火龙果。然而这一栽培方法在大陆才刚刚推广,灯照时段、挂灯方式、疏花和留果数量等生产细节还未摸清。因此本研究在海南东方以“大红”火龙果为试验材料开展研究,设置不同灯照时段、挂灯方式、疏花和留果处理研究适宜的反季节火龙果生产方法。结果表明后半夜进行灯照处理的产量每行比前半夜灯照处理高36.1kg。全行挂灯处理的产量每行比隔行挂灯处理的产量高33kg。灯照前疏花二批处理的产量比疏花一批的产量每行高19.5kg,比不疏花处理的产量每行高70.3kg。灯照期间每株留2个果每株产量最高,可达每株2381g。进行反季节生产火龙果毛利润可达毛利润15684元。     

火龙果改良型连排（篱壁）式架与标准化整枝模式

【目的】针对目前流行的火龙果连排（篱壁）式架栽培模式存在着植株整枝修剪不良,操作标准不够精确定量,不利于以规模化、集约化的方式进行精品火龙果栽培生产等缺陷,【方法】通过设计标准化整枝模式,首次提出火龙果“标准植株”（一蔓十二枝）概念,改进栽培架的连杆高度（140cm),增加防寒线、横担、托枝线、固定扎线等,改滴灌带为喷灌管空中喷洒,改A型支撑为单立柱等,进行系统改良和优化设计,【结果】以使架式结构更合理、性能更佳,让建园与栽培管理易于实现流程化、标准化、单点优化、精确培训和定量考核成本,且更符合火龙果生长特点和生产精品果的需求,【应用范围】为平地和缓坡地火龙果园选择栽培生产管理模式提供参考依据。     

异花授粉对霸王花结果率及果实品质的影响分析

[目的]针对长期以来自然分布的霸王花只开花不能结果的现状,通过异源花人工授粉以检测其结实性能、果实的营养品质,探求实现霸王花 “花果双收”的技术途径。[方法]分别采用霸王花的同株异花、目前主栽的火龙果品种作异源花粉进行人工授粉,对比分析授粉后霸王花的结果率、单果重、其果实与目前主栽的火龙果果实品质差异性。[结果]霸王花经异源花人工授粉后结果率达93%以上、单果重平均达360克左右,VC含量略低于火龙果,还原糖含量高于红肉型和白肉型火龙果,总体上,霸王花异花果实品质可与目前主栽火龙果品种的相媲美。[结论]采用异源花授粉可实现霸王花“花果双收”、大幅度提升霸王花产业经济效益的技术途径之一。     

粉肉火龙果选育初报

[目的]为了选育出果肉颜色新颖,品质优良的火龙果株系,[方法]通过对“从化之星”火龙果实生后代中所有粉肉单株的栽培试验,对所有粉肉单株生长习性,丰产性及果实经济性状和内在品质等进行了分析比较。[结果]从156个粉肉单株中选出各方面均表现较佳的单株。结果表明,单株80-1综合品质最好。[结论]该粉肉火龙果既有红肉火龙果的甜度,又多了白肉火龙果的酸味,且果肉颜色新颖,在市场推广中必能占据一定优势。     

外红内白果肉类型火龙果优良单株评价筛选初报

摘要：[目的]为了选育出果肉颜色新颖,品质优良的火龙果株系,[方法]通过对“从化之星”火龙果实生后代中所有果肉颜色为周边粉红色、中心白色（以下简称“外红内白”）的单株的栽培试验,对所有外红内白肉单株生长习性,丰产性及果实经济性状和内在品质等进行了分析比较。[结果]从156个外红内白肉肉单株中选出各方面均表现较佳的单株。结果表明,单株94-3综合品质最好。[结论]该外红内白肉火龙果既有红肉火龙果的甜度,又多了白肉火龙果的酸味,且果肉颜色新颖,在市场推广中必能占据一定优势。     

光诱导对大棚火龙果冬春季成花的影响

探讨光诱导对冬春季大棚火龙果成花效果的影响,为火龙果产期调节提供理论依据。以大棚条件下的‘金都一号’火龙果为试材,设置不同环境温度、不同波长的光源进行处理,对冬春季3批火龙果成花效果进行观察研究,将试验所得的综合数据进行统计分析。试验结果表明,在补光持续时间5 h条件下,环境温度和不同波长光谱补光对火龙果现蕾率均有极显著（P<0.01）影响,这两个因素的交互作用也极显著（P<0.01）地影响着火龙果的现蕾率;黄光15W和组合黄光15W现蕾所需时间均比紫光15W的短。在福建火龙果产区,大棚环境温度只有超过18℃时,方可进行补光,可选用黄光15W和组合黄光15W作为补光光源。     

南酸枣生长结果习性观察及修剪技术要点

南酸枣是福建省利用程度较高的野生果树,近年福建省浦城县、闽候县、松溪县等地都有一定面积的南酸枣人工林,野生果树南酸枣逐渐向栽培果树转化。本文结合田间观察情况,分析了南酸枣开花及生长结果习性,提出相应的栽培技术要点,为南酸枣的驯化栽培提供了依据。     

Saw Palmetto (Serenoa repens) Flowering and Fruiting Response to Time Since Fire

Saw palmetto (Serenoa repens [Bartr.] Small) is a shrubby palm common in southeastern US pine flatwoods ecosystems. Demand recently has increased for fruits for the herbal remedies market. Because only wild saw palmettos are harvested, management strategies are needed to promote flowering and fruiting. This study investigated effects of time since growing season (April–July) fires on flowering and fruiting of saw palmetto ramets ≥ 54 cm in height, in 18 pine flatwoods or dry prairie sites (six sites in three locations, burned in 1996, 1995, 1994, 1993, 1992, or before 1991) in central and southwest Florida from 1996 to 1999. We used repeated measures, linear mixed models to test for time since fire effects on proportion of ramets flowering, proportion of ramets fruiting, and fruit yield. Ranges of means among sites over all years of the study for proportion of ramets flowering, proportion of ramets fruiting, and fruit yield were 0 to 0.78, 0 to 0.72, and 0 kg · ha^?1 to 2 869 kg · ha^?1, respectively. Time since fire strongly influenced flowering; highest probability of flowering occurred 1 yr after burning, followed by an abrupt decrease 2 yr after burning, then a gradual increase from 3 to 5 yr after fires (polynomial regression, P < 0.0001 for fixed effects). Probability of fruiting increased with increasing time since fire (quadratic regression, P < 0.001 for fixed effects), but fruit yields showed no pattern in response to time since fire (P=0.916). The decrease in influence of fire from flowering through fruit maturity presumably was caused by mortality from factors such as caterpillar predation and fungal infection. To promote increased flowering and fruit yields, we recommend that growing season burns be conducted approximately every 5 yr. We suggest, however, that management strategy be modified as necessary to maintain ecosystem diversity and function.     

175份桑树种质资源的结实性农艺性状主成分与聚类分析

桑树育种材料的结实性农艺性状包括单株结果枝条数、单枝结果节数、单枝节数、单枝结果数、单芽结果数、果长、果横径、糖分含量、20粒果质量等桑果产量与品质性状。对广西壮族自治区桑树资源圃保存的175份桑树种质资源的结实性农艺性状进行调查,并依据性状之间的相关性信息,运用SPSS软件包进行主成分分析、回归分析和聚类分析。调查的9个结实性农艺性状可以归纳为单株结果节数、果实大小、桑果糖分含量3个主成分,其总变异的累积贡献率达69.954%;各性状的线性回归方程模型为Y=-0.095X1-0.169X2-0.047X3-0.033X4+0.920X5+19.939X6+10.561X7-1.244X8-15.455;各性状聚类成单枝果实质量、单枝结果率、单株含糖量3类;样品聚类把175份桑树种质资源分为类型Ⅰ、Ⅱ或类型Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ或类型Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ。分析结果可供桑树种质资源的果用开发价值的评价以及果、叶两用杂交桑的亲本选配参考。     

赤芝子实体三萜酸化学成分研究

自赤芝〔Ｇａｎｏｄｅｒｍａｌｕｃｉｄｕｍ（ｌｅｙｓ．ｅｘＦｒ．）ｋａｒｓｔ〕子实体的二氯甲烷提取液中分离得到１种新的三萜酸化合物，命名为灵芝酸ＤＭ（ｇａｎｏｄｅｒｉｃａｃｉｄＤＭⅠ）。同时还分到１种已知化合物灵芝酸Ｅ（ｇａｎｏｄｅｒｉｃａｃｉｄＥⅡ）。根据各自的光谱（ＩＲ，１ＨＮＭＲ，１３ＣＮＭＲ，ＭＳ和２ＤＮＭＲ）数据分析，确定其结构为：３，７－二氧化－８，２４（Ｅ）－二稀－羊毛甾－２６－酸和３，７，１１，１５，２３－五氧化－５α－羊毛甾－８－稀－２６－酸。以上２种化合物均为首次从赤芝子实体中得到。     

基质不同桑枝木屑含量对大球盖菇子实体1-脱氧野尻霉素富集量的影响

大球盖菇是一种食、药用价值较高的珍稀食用菌,其人工培育具有栽培简便、低投入、高产出的经济优势。设计不同桑枝木屑含量配方的基质进行大球盖菇栽培,并利用反向高效液相色谱法测定大球盖菇子实体中1-脱氧野尻霉素(DNJ)的含量。结果表明,基质不同桑枝木屑含量及出菇潮次对大球盖菇子实体DNJ富集量的影响差异显著,桑枝木屑质量分数为70%的栽培基质生产出的第1潮菇子实体DNJ富集量最高,大球盖菇干品中DNJ的质量分数达到0.230 2 mg/g,高于桑枝DNJ的含量,接近桑椹中DNJ的含量。研究结果为进一步提高桑枝资源利用效率及生产较高保健价值食用菌提供了理论依据。     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.