不同网帐栽培模式对杨梅成熟期与经济效益的影响

杨梅不同网帐栽培能显著降低落果率,四个处理分别比对照降低19.50-20.86%,具有推迟果实成熟期的作用,成熟时间明显比对照推迟3-7天,平均销售价格达25-30元/kg,单价比对照高5-10元/kg,净收益比露地杨梅增加25-80%。从试验结果看,我们建议杨梅果园网帐栽培应以顶部薄膜的模式为主,顶部布料模式为辅,即能提高杨梅的品质,又能错开上市时间,增加经济效益。     

设施栽培对桂热芒71号果实生长发育和品质的影响研究

以5年生的桂热芒71号为试材,采用设施避雨与露地栽培模式,比较分析了两种栽培技术对田间环境、果实生长发育、品质及产量的影响。结果表明：设施避雨栽培可降低田间湿度,平均降幅1.9%RH～2.4%RH。花期、幼果期和果实膨大至成熟期设施避雨与露天栽培田间湿度相差最大分别达到5.5%RH、5.4%RH、8.1%RH。桂热芒71号在设施避雨和露天栽培两种不同栽培模式下,果实迅速膨大期为第二次生理落果完成后的21～27天,之后为果实膨大缓慢期,因此,在果实膨大期可供应充足肥水、加强果园管理,促进果实增长。设施避雨栽培的总糖、Vc、TSS含量、株挂果数、产量分别比露地栽培提高了11.9%、34.4% 、5.2%、60.2%、85.09%,总酸含量比露地栽培降低了16%。在广西桂南等春季低温阴雨天气多的地区,可适当推广设施避雨栽培。     

避雨栽培对玛瑙红樱桃果实品质的影响及效益分析

为玛瑙红樱桃避雨栽培提供依据,在避雨棚、避雨布和露地等3种栽培模式下对玛瑙红樱桃果实品质进行研究,对产量、商品果率和裂果率等指标进行测定,并分析不同栽培模式下樱桃生产的经济效益。结果表明：避雨设施能够促进新梢和叶片生长,增加果实横纵径、单果重、可食率及果实可溶性糖含量,且避雨棚栽培模式优于避雨布栽培模式。避雨栽培降低了裂果率和病果率,提高了商品果率,与露地栽培相比,避雨棚和避雨布栽培模式经济效益分别是露地栽培的1.9倍和1.4倍。     

杨梅转色期覆盖防虫网+蓝色防雨布处理果实品质最佳

正据《核农学报》2020年第7期《不同颜色防雨布对杨梅生长发育及果实品质的影响》(作者任海英等)报道,为提高杨梅综合品质及经济效益,研究延迟杨梅成熟期、降低落果率的技术措施,在杨梅硬核期和转色期分别设置覆盖防虫网及防虫网配合覆盖白、蓝、绿、红、黑色防雨布处理,以无覆盖处理为对照(CK),测定不同处理对杨梅生长发育及果实品质的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,绿色和蓝色防雨布有利于降低温度和相对湿度,而红色和黑色防雨布有利于温度升高,所有处理均显著抑制光合速     

不同覆盖方式对‘荸荠种’杨梅经济性状和果蝇为害的影响

以12年生荸荠种杨梅为材料,研究了不同覆盖方式对杨梅经济性状（果实品质、商品果率、落果率）和果蝇为害（单果出虫数）的影响。结果表明,从6月7日开始采用防虫网（顶膜） 防虫网（边膜）覆盖的杨梅果实可溶性固形物、可溶性还原糖和花青苷含量最高,可滴定酸含量最低,品质最好;商品果率高,果蝇为害小,与商品果率最高、果蝇为害最小的6月7日采用全薄膜覆盖的无显著差异,综合评定为最好的覆盖方式。     

山地杨梅不同网室避雨栽培模式效果比较研究

为研究适合山地杨梅最佳的避雨栽培模式,以“东魁”杨梅为试材,开展单株网室、连片网室避雨栽培模式试验研究。结果表明,单株网室、连片网室避雨栽培模式影响环境温湿度因素,利于杨梅生长发育,平均单果重提高21.5%、44.2%,可溶性固形物含量提高0.2%、0.1%,优质果率提高20.2%、35.4%,果实延迟2d、4d成熟,延后3d、7d采摘结束,采摘期延长1d、3d,较单纯露地栽培延长7d,采收率提高31.0%、40.9%,杨梅果实贮存性能明显提升,亩均增加经济效益20268元、55620元。连片网室避雨栽培模式促产业提质增效更显著,值得山地杨梅产区应用推广。     

避雨栽培可提高猕猴桃果实品质

据《中国果树》2021年第3期《避雨栽培对红阳猕猴桃光合作用及果实品质的影响》(作者古咸彬等)报道,以露地和避雨栽培条件下的红阳猕猴桃为试验材料,通过测定园地温湿度、植株光合作用、果实品质等指标,研究避雨栽培对猕猴桃生长微环境、叶片光合能力和果实品质的影响。     

果桑棚架栽培技术

目前果桑的栽培方式主要以露地栽培(常规栽培)和大棚栽培为主,还有少量的避雨栽培和棚架栽培.避雨栽培主要是通过搭避雨棚及顶棚盖膜达到避雨效果;而棚架栽培主要通过搭建骨架使结果枝均匀分布于棚架之上,可提高果桑枝条的光照和通风条件,而棚架下空间充裕,特定条件下还可作观光长廊.为了进一步探索果桑棚架栽培方式和技术,提升桑果品质...     

大连樱桃避雨栽培模式生产现状及发展建议

雨水天气对辽宁樱桃产业影响较大,避雨栽培克服多雨条件下露地樱桃裂果率高、品质差等不利因素,同时阻断病害诱因,提高坐果率及果品商品性。本文介绍了大连露地不同产区避雨栽培模式及现状,并为辽宁甜樱桃避雨栽培产业健康发展提出建议。     

短稳杆菌对杨梅果蝇的防治效果及对果实品质的影响

果蝇是为害杨梅果实的主要害虫,目前主要依靠乙基多杀菌素防控,成本较高,急需研究替代药剂,短稳杆菌（Empedobacter brevi）是一种新型细菌杀虫剂,为了明确短稳杆菌的防控效果和对果实品质的影响,本试验在杨梅转色成熟期喷雾,设5个处理,1.00×107、1.25×107和1.67×107短稳杆菌以及30和40 mg/L乙基多杀菌素,清水喷雾做对照。结果表明,与对照相比,5个处理药后7 d的果蝇防效为91.92%-96.76%,各处理间虫果率差异不显著,用药后13 d防效在82.76%-88.27%之间,1.67×107短稳杆菌处理虫果率最低;5个处理的果实可溶性固形物含量提高5.41%-7.21%,其中1.67×107短稳杆菌处理的提高幅度最大,果实硬度显著提高33.21%-46.42%,落果率显著下降37.57%-42.86%,硬度和落果率各处理间差异不显著。综合果蝇防控效果和果实品质等因素,短稳杆菌是防治杨梅果蝇乙基多杀菌素的理想替代药剂,值得在产业上大力推广。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …