一起黑豚球虫病的诊断和治疗

湖南省某黑豚养殖基地黑豚存栏1 500多只,2014年10月暴发疾病,调查发现发病率100%,死亡率13.33%,造成了严重经济损失。临床观察发现黑豚食欲减退、腹泻及糊肛,病理学检查发现肠弥漫性出血,采集病死黑豚结肠组织进行镜检和制作石蜡切片,均发现球虫卵囊,诊断为球虫病。为了挽回经济损失,采用地克珠利抗球虫药配合黄芪多糖和维生素C进行治疗,经3~5 d病情得到有效控制,治愈率97.74%。     

副猪嗜血杆菌感染豚鼠试验及在其体内的分布

为了评估副猪嗜血杆菌(Haemophilus parasuis)对豚鼠的毒力以及在豚鼠组织器官的分布,作者采用改进的寇氏法测定了H.parasuis血清5型标准株对豚鼠的LD50,以1 LD50剂量经鼻腔、气管、肺、腹腔、肌肉和皮下接种感染豚鼠,比较不同途径感染H.parasuis对豚鼠致病性的差异;以1 LD50剂量气管接种豚鼠,接种后在不同时间取豚鼠的脑、心、肝、肺、脾和肾组织,制作石蜡切片,用免疫组化技术检测H.parasuis在豚鼠上述组织的分布.结果显示该H.parasuis血清5型标准株的LD50为1.33×109 CFU,LD50的95%可信限范围为1.35×109～1.30×109 CFU;感染试验结果显示,气管、肺和腹腔3个接种途径试验组豚鼠出现了4/8、2/8和5/8的死亡;在气管感染豚鼠6 h后,首先在肺脏组织呈现阳性结果,在感染8 h后,上述组织中都出现了阳性结果.结果表明气管、肺、腹腔和肌肉4个途径都可以使H.parasuis对豚鼠致病,免疫组化检测并结合细菌分离结果表明H.parasuis感染后能侵染肺、心、肝、脾和肾组织,并能突破血一脑屏障而侵染脑组织.     

人附红细胞体感染FMMU白化豚鼠的研究

用附红细胞体分别感染FMMU白化豚鼠和普通花色豚鼠，同时测定两组豚鼠的红细胞免疫功能，探讨FMMU白化豚鼠的免疫学特性与病原体敏感性之间的关系。结果表明，FMMU白化豚鼠对人附红细胞体比普通花色豚鼠敏感。封闭群FMMU白化豚鼠有独特的免疫学特性，红细胞免疫功能低于普通花色豚鼠，对病原体敏感性高于普通花色豚鼠，更适于建立感染性疾病动物模型。     

Naturally Occurring Histoplasmosis in Guinea Pigs

Histoplasmosis naturally occurring in laboratory guinea pigs is described in its clinical, necropsy, histological and mycological aspects.

The animals if adult show a chronic disease with progressive emaciation and lameness of the hind legs. The young below three months of age died in 2 to 4 weeks presenting ruffled fur, great dorsal curvature and sometimes closed eyelids and catarrhal conjunctivitis.

At necropsy the principal lesions were ulcerative gastritis, hemorrhagic and catarrhal enteritis, enlarged spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes. Sometimes the liver, lungs, mediastinal lymph nodes and other organs showed lesions.

Histological and mycological demonstration of the fungus completed the diagnosis and the surviving animals were burned and sanitation measures instituted.

Histological evidence of histoplasmosis in a cow's lung from the area from which the grass was obtained for the feeding of the guinea pigs suggests an epidemiological link. Efforts will be made to isolate and demonstrate H. capsulatum in wild animals on the same area.

     

免疫塞内卡病毒灭活疫苗后豚鼠、家兔与猪的血清中和抗体相关性研究

为研究免疫塞内卡病毒(SVA)灭活疫苗后豚鼠、家兔与猪血清中和抗体的相关性,分别用0.25、0.5、1.0、2.0 mL的SVA灭活疫苗接种豚鼠和家兔,同时以2.0 mL的SVA灭活疫苗接种猪,分别于免疫前以及免疫后第7天、第14天、第21天、第28天采血液,测定各动物血清中SVA中和抗体,利用Microsoft Excel软件对所得结果进行整理并分析豚鼠与猪血清SVA中和抗体、家兔与猪血清SVA中和抗体之间的线性关系,进一步采用IBM SPSS Statistics 19软件对线性关系的显著性进行分析。结果显示,豚鼠和家兔均可产生SVA中和抗体,且免疫剂量越大,免疫动物产生的SVA中和抗体滴度越高。猪免疫后产生了SVA中和抗体,监测期内随着时间的延长,SVA中和抗体水平逐渐升高。当家兔和豚鼠免疫剂量为1.0 mL时,二者产生的SVA中和抗体与猪SVA中和抗体呈正相关,相关性分别为0.990和0.998,相关性极显著。研究表明,采用1.0 mL的剂量免疫豚鼠或家兔,能间接反应SVA灭活疫苗在猪体的SVA中和抗体水平。     

SUZUTOS豚鼠皮肤致敏GLP试验研究

试验采用Buehler斑贴法,用豚鼠50只,共分4组,受试物诱导组20只,受试物非诱导组10只,阳性对照物诱导组和阳性对照物非诱导组各10只。受试物(SUZUTOS)诱导剂量为0.2 g/(只.次),受试物的激发剂量为0.1 g/(只.次)。受试物诱导和激发最大剂量限值为0.2 g/只,激发剂量为不引起皮肤刺激的最高剂量。试验期间对各受试动物一般状态、给药部位皮肤有无异常进行观察。于激发给药后24h及48 h,对受试动物涂药部位皮肤红斑和水肿进行评分,求出致敏率。结果表明,受试物诱导组及阳性对照物诱导组动物皮肤致敏率分别为20%和50%,SUZUTOS对豚鼠皮肤为轻度致敏。     

FMMU白化豚鼠用作爆震性耳聋动物模型

为了探讨本中心培育的 FMMU白化豚鼠在听力功能损伤中的模型价值 ,利用听性脑干诱发电位 (ABR)、扫描电镜观察等方法 ,比较了爆震前、后 FMMU白化豚鼠和杂色豚鼠听力功能和结构的变化。结果如下 :爆震前 ,FMMU白化豚鼠的 ABR阈值小于杂色豚鼠的 ABR阈值 ;爆震后 ,FMMU白化豚鼠阈移增加比杂色豚鼠快且明显 ,阈移的恢复比杂色豚鼠慢 ;爆震后 2 1d,FMMU白化豚鼠的永久性阈移大于杂色豚鼠的永久性阈移 ;FMMU白化豚鼠耳蜗超微结构和听力功能的损伤比杂色豚鼠严重。由此表明 ,FMMU白化豚鼠听力敏锐 ,适于作听功能研究 ,其耳蜗对爆震的敏感性较高 ,可制作出较理想的爆震性耳聋动物模型     

Observations on the Parathyroid Glands of Guinea Pigs Affected with Metastatic Calcification

Soft tissue calcification in guinea pigs has been attributed to a mineral imbalance, especially a relative or absolute magnesium deficiency. An associated chronic tubular nephritis has been reported and was substantiated in the present study.

The location of the parathyroid glands of guinea pigs was established, and their size estimated by microscopic methods. The size and morphologic characteristics of parathyroids of guinea pigs affected with metastatic calcification were indistinguishable from parathyroids of healthy guinea pigs.

     

Effects of Sulphur Dioxide on Guinea Pigs and Swine

Guinea pigs and swine were exposed to sulphur dioxide concentrations varying from 5-40 P.P.M.

The average daily weight gains of young guinea pigs were impaired by gas concentrations of 10 P.P.M. and 18 P.P.M. for periods of 96 hours or more. A single experiment failed to indicate any synergism between sulphur dioxide and hydrogen sulphide. Studies on the effect of exposure to 5 P.P.M. for an extended period were inconclusive.

Young swine under seven days of age were exposed to sulphur dioxide concentrations of 5, 10, 20, and 40 P.P.M. for a single eight-hour period for each group. All concentrations caused the animals to display some evidence of irritation from the gas, ranging from eye irritation, nasal secretion, salivation and altered respirations at levels of 10 P.P.M. and higher to slight eye irritation and salivation at levels of 5 P.P.M. Haemorrhage and emphysema were present in the lungs of swine exposed to 40 P.P.M., and sacrificed at twenty-four hours and seven days post-exposure. At 158 days post-exposure, two of two swine exposed to 40 P.P.M., and one of two swine exposed to 20 P.P.M. showed a pulmonary fibrosis that was attributed to the gas.

Impaired weight gains of exposed animals raised to market weight (158 days) could not be attributed to the gas.