FST基因多态性与槟榔江水牛和德宏水牛繁殖性能的相关性研究

[目的]为了解水牛繁殖性能的分子基础及建立检测分子标记,本研究分析卵泡抑素(FST)基因在槟榔江、德宏水牛中的多态性,并与繁殖性能进行关联分析。[方法]研究采用PCR扩增及DNA测序方法,检测水牛FST基因多态性,并分析该基因变异位点与繁殖性能的关系。[结果]在槟榔江、德宏水牛的FST基因序列共检测到7个SNP位点,未发现插入/缺失变异。经χ2检验,除德宏水牛中SNP6偏离Hardy-Weinberg遗传平衡状态,其他SNP位点均处于Hardy-Weinberg遗传平衡状态。FST基因与槟榔、德宏水牛产犊和产犊率性状相关不显著,而当两个群体合并后,FST基因有两个变异位点与产犊率呈极显著相关。[结论]FST基因在槟榔江、德宏水牛中存在较高基因变异性,FST基因与水牛繁殖性状的关系还需进一步研究。     

Associations of Male Fertility Traits with Blood Groups and Blood Protein Polymorphisms in Dairy Cattle

Abstract

The relationships between 12 polymorphic systems and bull fertility were studied in the Swedish Red and White dairy cattle population. The material consisted of 1447 young bulls with non-return rates based on at least 500 inseminations each. A reduced animal model including a full additive relationship matrix was used. Multiple regressions were fitted for the estimation of the average gene substitution effects as well as the gene-frequency-independent effects of additive gene action and dominance. To evaluate the results a multivariate analysis of variance, classical segregation analyses and marker frequency studies were performed. Significant associations were found between the F, B, Tf, S and C systems, and nonreturn rates, but the contribution of the markers to the total variation of non-return rates was small.     

德宏奶水牛DGAT1基因多态性及其与产奶性状的相关性分析

探讨德宏奶水牛（摩拉水牛×德宏水牛）DGAT1基因多态性与产奶性状的关系,以期为德宏奶水牛产奶性状标记辅助选择侯选基因的选择提供理论依据。以81头泌乳的德宏奶水牛为研究对象,利用PCR—SSCP方法结合候选基因直接测序法检测DGAT1基因第8外显子及第8内含子区的多态性,并采用最小二乘法分析DGAT1基因多态位点对产奶量、乳脂率及乳蛋白率的影响。结果在德宏奶水牛群体中共检测到CTGG,CCGG和CCGT三种基因型,测序结果显示,在检测的群体中未发现K232A位点的突变,而在DGAT1基因第8内含子的第14位检测到C→T突变,第35位检测到G→T突变。多重比较表明,CCGT基因型对德宏奶水牛的乳脂率有显著影响（P〈0．05）。     

UCP2基因遗传多态性与西门塔尔牛生长相关性状的遗传效应分析

本研究旨在分析UCP2基因SNPs及其单倍型与肉牛饲料转化率和体尺等生长相关性状的相关性。以118头西门塔尔牛为试验材料,利用DNA池和PCR-RFLP方法检测UCP2基因G118A、C161T、C215G、C305T位点多态性,构建单倍型并与生长性状进行相关分析。结果表明,G118A、C161T和C305T位点均与饲料转化率显著相关(P<0.05),其中杂合个体均值显著高于纯合个体且料肉比较高,而纯合个体之间差异不显著。位点C161T和C305T对胸围和腹围发挥主要影响作用,在差异显著表型性状中,TT基因型显著大于CC基因型个体。所构建的单倍型与单个SNP分析结果较为一致。综合考虑饲料转化率、平均日增体质量、胸围和腹围,建议将C161T和C305T位点的纯合个体TT基因型作为提高肉牛生长性状的候选分子标记。     

猪Myopalladin基因多态性与胴体性状的关联分析

采用RT-PCR扩增与直接测序,对猪肌肉组织的一条表达序列标签（EST）（GenBank登录号为BM445313）进行SNP筛查.检测到2个新的SNPs,通过BLAST在NCBI非冗余数据库中进行同源性比对,发现该EST位于Myopalladin基因的3＇UTR区.在猪参考家系SCAU-LL F2群体中对其中的一个SNP进行Csp61RFLP基因分型,并与胴体瘦肉率和皮脂率进行关联分析,结果表明基因型CT与CC的瘦肉率均值分别为46%和45%、皮脂率均值分别为42%和44%,在瘦肉率和皮脂率上的差异均达到了显著水平（P＜0.05）.由此可见,猪Myopalladin不同基因型对胴体性状有着重要影响,是猪育种应用中的一个潜在遗传标记.     

垂体特异性转录因子1基因遗传多态性与中国西门塔尔牛生长及育肥性状的遗传效应分析

本研究旨在分析垂体特异性转录因子(Pit-1)基因SNPs与中国西门塔尔牛生长和育肥性状的相关性。试验以118头中国西门塔尔牛为材料,利用DNA测序和PCR-RFLP方法检测Pit-1基因Hinf Ⅰ酶切位点多态性,并进行相关分析。结果表明,Hinf Ⅰ酶切位点与料重比和平均日增重性状呈显著相关(P＜0.05),其中BB基因型个体显著优于AA基因型个体,饲料转化率较低,平均日增重较高;在8、15月龄体高性状,12、15月龄体长性状,8、12、15月龄胸围性状和8月龄腹围性状中,Hinf Ⅰ酶切位点多态差异显著,BB基因型个体表型值显著高于AA基因型(P＜0.05);在宰后体尺性状测量性状中,Pit-1基因Hinf Ⅰ多态位点对胴体长、胴体胸深和腰部肉厚性状影响显著,其中BB基因型个体表型值显著大于AA和AB基因型个体(P＜0.05)。初步认为,BB基因型与优良的生长育肥性能显著相关,对B等位基因的选择有利于优良性状的改良。     

牛组织蛋白D基因多态性与肉质、胴体性状的关联分析

以51头西门塔尔和鲁西黄牛的杂交后代作为试验动物,扩增组织蛋白酶D(cathepsin D,CTSD)基因部分外显子,通过DNA测序方法检测到该基因第5、6、8外显子共4个SNPs(T581C、T599C、A861T、A1128G)的遗传变异。SAS软件采用最小二乘法拟合线性模型,将几个位点的不同基因型与牛肉质、胴体性状进行关联分析。结果表明,位于CTSD基因外显子5的T581C突变与大理石纹性状呈显著相关(P<0.05),BB基因型显著优于AA和AB基因型,这为T581C作为肉牛大理石纹的分子标记提供了一定的理论依据。     

鸭多巴胺受体D1基因CDS区多态性与生长性状的关联性分析简

本研究采用PCR-SSCP法与DNA直接测序技术相结合对兴义鸭和樱桃谷鸭多巴胺受体D1 (dopamine receptor D1,DRD1)基因编码序列(coding sequence,CDS)区130－587 bp区域的多态性进行检测,并分析其多态性对樱桃谷鸭生长性状的影响。结果表明,在樱桃谷鸭和兴义鸭DRD1基因编码区130－587 bp区域内均检测到3种基因型：AA、BB和AB,2个等位基因：A和B;AA基因型均为优势基因型,频率分别为0.7416和0.5643,等位基因A均为优势等位基因,频率分别是0.8539和0.7204;多态信息含量分别为0.2184和0.3217,分别处于低度多态和中度多态位点,樱桃谷鸭群体中该座位基因型分布处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡（P>0.05）,兴义鸭群体则偏离了Hardy-Weinberg平衡（P<0.05）;序列比对发现2个SNPs位点,其中c.189 T＞C为同义突变,c.507 T＞A为错义突变,导致丝氨酸（S）变成精氨酸（R）。关联分析结果显示,BB基因型樱桃谷鸭个体的8周龄重和12周龄体斜长显著高于AB基因型（P<0.05）,10周龄重、12周龄重和12周龄胸深显著高于AA和AB基因型（P<0.05）。研究结果揭示该多态座位可能是影响鸭生长性状的一个标记辅助选择位点。     

Identification of Polymorphisms in the Osteopontin Gene and Their Associations with Certain Semen Production Traits of Water Buffaloes in the Brazilian Amazon

The osteopontin gene may influence the fertility of water buffaloes because it is a protein present in sperm. The aim of this work was to identify polymorphisms in this gene and associate them with fertility parameters of animals kept under extensive grazing. A total of 306 male buffaloes older than 18 months, from two farms, one in the state of Amapá and the other in the state of Pará, Brazil were used in the study. Seven SNPs were identified in the regions studied. The polymorphisms were in gene positions 1478, 1513 and 1611 in the region 5′upstrem and positions 6690, 6737, 6925 and 6952 in the region amplified in intron 5. The SNPs were associated with the traits, namely scrotal circumference, scrotal volume, sperm motility, sperm concentration and sperm pathology. There were significant SNPs (p < 0.05) for all the traits. The SNP 6690 was significant for scrotal circumference, sperm concentration, sperm motility and sperm pathology and the SNP 6737 for scrotal volume. The genotype AA of SNP 6690 presented the highest averages for scrotal circumference, sperm concentration and motility and the lowest total number of sperm pathologies. For the scrotal volume trait, the animals with the largest volume were correlated with the presence of the genotype GG of SNP 6737. These results indicate a significance of the osteopontin gene as it seems to exert a substantial influence on the semen production traits of male buffaloes.     

4个绵羊品种Leptin基因部分片段的SNPs多态性与生长发育性状的相关性分析

利用PCR-SSCP技术对萨福克、陶赛特、得克塞尔及滩羊4个绵羊品种358个个体Leptin基因等2、3外显子进行多态性分析,共检测到7个SNPs,其中新发现5个SNPs。测序结果表明,在外显子2上无突变。内含子2上存在A99G、G115A、C150T、C171T位点。外显子3上,存在G271A;C316A;G387T位点。外显子3上的SNPs使编码的氨基酸发生变化。统计分析表明A99G、C150T和A99G＋C150T位点与生长发育性状存在相关性。在A99G位点,Aa基因型初生质量、日增质量、体高、胸围和尻宽指标上均高于AA基因型,初生质量、日增质量和体高指标差异显著（P〈0．05）,胸围和尻宽指标差异极显著（P〈0．01）。C150T和A99G＋C150T位点结果一致,突变基因型日增重、体高、体长、胸围和尻宽指标均高于野生基因型,差异显著（P〈0．05）。     

奶牛乳房性状与产奶量及排乳性能的关系

选择胎次相同,泌乳月份相近的经产荷斯坦牛197头,分别测定其后乳房宽度,后乳房深度,后乳房高度,乳房纵沟深,乳头直径,乳头长度等6个高遗传力性状,并与排乳性能及产奶量的相关性进行研究.结果表明:奶牛乳房纵沟深,乳头直径,乳头长度等6个高遗传力性状,并与排乳性能及产奶量的相关性进行研究.结果表明:奶牛乳房纵沟深、后乳房宽度、乳头长、乳头直径与排乳速度有极显著正相关(P＜0.01),后乳房高度与排乳速度呈现中等正相关(P＜0.05),平均排乳时间与后乳房宽度呈现显著正相关(P＜0.05);日产乳量与乳头长度呈中等负相关(P＜0.05),与乳房纵沟深、乳头直径呈显著正相关(P＜0.05),305 d产乳量与乳房纵沟深、后乳房宽度呈极显著强正相关(P＜0.01),与乳头直径呈显著正相关(P＞0.05),与乳头长度有极显著负相关(P＜0.01).     

奶牛乳房性状与产奶量及排乳性能的关系

选择胎次相同,泌乳月份相近的经产荷斯坦牛197头,分别测定其后乳房宽度、后乳房深度、后乳房高度、乳房纵沟深、乳头直径、乳头长度等6个高遗传力性状,并对其与排乳性能及产奶量的相关性进行研究.结果表明：奶牛乳房纵沟深、后乳房宽度、乳头长度、乳头直径与排乳速度有极显著正相关（P＜0.01）,后乳房高度与排乳速度呈中等正相关（P＜0.05）,平均排乳时间与后乳房宽度呈显著正相关（P＜0.05）;日产奶量与乳头长度呈中等负相关（P＜0.05）,与乳房纵沟深、乳头直径呈显著性正相关（P＜0.05）,305d产奶量与乳房纵沟深、后乳房宽度呈强正相关（P＜0.01）,与乳头直径呈显著正相关（P＞0.05）,与乳头长度有极显著负相关（P＜0.01）.     

生长抑素基因第1外显子多态性与湘西黄牛体尺性状的关联分析

为探讨湘西黄牛分子遗传特征和寻找生长性状相关的分子标记,本试验采用PCR-SSCP方法检测湘西黄牛生长抑素(somatostatin,SST)基因第1外显子126 bp处g.934G>A位点的多态性,并进行了多态性与生长性状的关联分析。结果表明,湘西黄牛在g.934G>A位点有G和A两个等位基因,G等位基因占优势,检测到GG、AG和AA 3种基因型,呈中度多态,达到Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P>0.05)。湘西黄牛GG基因型个体的体高和体长显著大于AA基因型个体(P<0.05);GG和AG基因型个体的胸围和体重极显著大于AA基因型个体(P<0.01)。G等位基因对湘西黄牛的体高、体长、胸围和体重4个性状均为正效应。本试验结果提示,SST基因g.934G>A位点可能为湘西黄牛生长性状的分子遗传标记位点。     

水牛MFSD2A基因多态性及其与产奶性状的关联分析

【目的】研究水牛主要促进因子超家族成员2a(major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2a, MFSD2A)基因多态性,并筛选与水牛产奶性状相关联的SNP。【方法】采集383头健康水牛血液DNA,利用PCR扩增和Sequenom MassARRAY飞行时间质谱技术对SNP位点进行筛选及基因型检测,并进行遗传多样性、连锁不平衡(LD)和单倍型分析,以及对不同基因型和单倍型与水牛产奶性状进行关联分析。【结果】在水牛MFSD2A基因中检出7个SNPs位点,多态信息含量(PIC)均在0.25～0.40之间,属于中度多态,除g.8290 T>C位点外,其余位点均处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P>0.05);关联分析结果表明,这7个SNPs位点与305 d产奶量均显著关联(P<0.05),且突变杂合子基因型的305 d产奶量是3种基因型中最低的,g.568 C>G和g.701 A>G位点与乳脂率显著关联(P<0.05),乳脂率从大到小依次为突变纯合子>野生纯合子>突变杂合子,g.568...     

The Relationship between Linear Type Traits and Fertility Traits in High‐yielding Dairy Goats

Reproductive data collected from 13 medium‐size goat farms in central Mexico (582 goats), were used to investigate if linear type traits influenced reproductive performance of high‐yielding dairy goats. Data were analysed using multiple stepwise forward logistic regressions. Goats with the higher scores for strength were 1.43 times more likely (p < 0.05) to have larger litters (1.49 vs 1.39) than goats with lower strength. Goats approaching level rump angles were 1.68 times more likely (p < 0.01) to have larger litters, compared with goats with extremely sloped rump angles (1.48 vs 1.37). Goats with rear legs nearly straight (posty) in hock tended (p < 0.08) to presented larger litters than goats with rear legs slightly angled (sickled) in hock (1.49 vs 1.38). Less pronounced rump angle was favourable associated (p < 0.05) with litter weight (4.88 vs 4.53 kg) compared with goats with low pin bones. Goats with poorer udder texture were 1.42 more likely (p < 0.05) to have heavier litters than goats with good udder texture. Goats with faulty mammary system tended (p < 0.07) to have heavier litters than goats with good mammary system. Increasing udder height was associated (p < 0.05) with increasing number of services per conception. Goats with good fore udder attachment and non‐refined heads were at reduced risk (p < 0.05) for stillbirths. Goats with stronger median ligament were 65% less likely (p < 0.05) to lose their foetuses than those with looser udder support. Our findings indicate that a greater litter size and litter weight is expected in goats as rump angle becomes less sloped. This study showed that a relationship exists between strength of goats and litter size, and that some traits linked to high milk yield were antagonist to some reproductive traits.     

槟榔江水牛STAT 5A基因多态性及其与产奶性状的关联性研究

[目的]研究STAT5A基因多态性及其与槟榔江水牛泌乳性状的关联.[方法]采用直接测序和PCR-RFLP技术研究槟榔江水牛STAT5A基因变异,分析其与产奶性状的关系.[结果]槟榔江水牛STAT5A基因存在高度多态性,STAT5A基因多态性与产奶量及乳脂率等产奶性状具有显著相关性;建立了槟榔江水牛STAT5A基因MspI PCR-RFLP遗传标记.[结论]研究结果为槟榔江水牛遗传资源保存及产奶性能的标记辅助选择提供了理论依据.     

肌肉生长抑制素基因5′调控区的多态性对边鸡生长和繁殖性状的遗传效应

本研究采用PCR-SSCP技术检测边鸡肌肉生长抑制素(Myostatin,MSTN)基因5′调控区的单核苷酸多态性,并与边鸡的生长和繁殖性状进行关联分析。结果表明:在MSTN基因5′调控区检测到2个突变(A326G、C334G);6～8周龄,KK型的体重显著高于JJ和JL型(P<0.05);14周龄,KK和LL型的体重显著高于JL型(P<0.05);16周龄,KK型的体重显著高于JJ、JK和JL型(P<0.05);18周龄,KK型的体重极显著高于JL型(P<0.01),显著高于JJ和JK型(P<0.05),LL型的体重显著高于JL型(P<0.05),KK型的开产体重显著高于JJ和JL型(P<0.05);不同基因型对其余4个繁殖性状(开产日龄、开产蛋重、300日龄产蛋数以及300日龄蛋重)均无显著影响。结果提示,MSTN基因可能是影响边鸡生长性状的一个主要候选基因。     

奶山羊AGPAT6基因多态性与生长性状的关联分析

利用限制性片段长度多态性聚合酶链反应技术对549只西农萨能和关中奶山羊群的AGPAT6基因遗传多态性与生长性状(体高、体长和胸围)的相关性进行研究.结果表明AGPAT6基因存在4个单核苷酸多态性:P1、P2、P4与P10位点分别位于5′UTR (g.152G＞C)、内含子2(g.8124G＞A)、外显子4(g.9263C＞G)和3′UTR(g.16436G＞A).经关联分析,P2、P4和P10三位点在西农萨能奶山羊和关中奶山羊品种中都属于中度多态,4个SNPs的不同基因型对两个奶山羊品种的生长性状影响均不显著(P＞0.05).     

Serum Cortisol Concentrations in Dogs with Pituitary‐Dependent Hyperadrenocorticism and Atypical Hyperadrenocorticism

Background

Atypical hyperadrenocorticism (AHAC) is considered when dogs have clinical signs of hypercortisolemia with normal hyperadrenocorticism screening tests.

Hypothesis/Objectives

To compare cortisol concentrations and adrenal gland size among dogs with pituitary‐dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH), atypical hyperadrenocorticism (AHAC), and healthy controls.

Animals

Ten healthy dogs, 7 dogs with PDH, and 8 dogs with AHAC.

Method

Dogs were prospectively enrolled between November 2011 and January 2013. Dogs were diagnosed with PDH or AHAC based on clinical signs and positive screening test results (PDH) or abnormal extended adrenal hormone panel results (AHAC). Transverse adrenal gland measurements were obtained by abdominal ultrasound. Hourly mean cortisol (9 samplings), sum of hourly cortisol measurements and adrenal gland sizes were compared among the 3 groups.

Results

Hourly (control, 1.4 ± 0.6 μg/dL; AHAC, 2.9 ± 1.3; PDH, 4.3 ± 1.5) (mean, SD) and sum (control, 11.3 ± 3.3; AHAC, 23.2 ± 7.7; PDH, 34.7 ± 9.9) cortisol concentrations differed significantly between the controls and AHAC (P < .01) and PDH (P < .01) groups. Hourly (P < .01) but not sum (P = .27) cortisol concentrations differed between AHAC and PDH dogs. Average transverse adrenal gland diameter of control dogs (5.3 ± 1.2 mm) was significantly less than dogs with PDH (6.4 ± 1.4; P = .02) and AHAC (7.2 ± 1.5; P < .01); adrenal gland diameter did not differ (P = .18) between dogs with AHAC and PDH.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Serum cortisol concentrations in dogs with AHAC were increased compared to controls but less than dogs with PDH, while adrenal gland diameter was similar between dogs with AHAC and PDH. These findings suggest cortisol excess could contribute to the pathophysiology of AHAC.