NaCl胁迫下沙枣幼苗的离子代谢特性

[Objective]To further understand the ion metabolism characteristics of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. under NaCl stress.[Method]The seedlings of two E. angustifolia L. provenances, which were Alaer (salt tolerance provenance) and Yinchuan (salt sensitive provenance), were treated by three NaCl concentrations (0,150,300 mmol·L^-1) and sampled at the 7th day and the 30th day to measure the Na⁺ , K⁺, Ca²⁺, and Mg²⁺ contents, K⁺/Na⁺ ratio and selective absorption and transportation of K⁺ in tissues (roots, stems and leaves). [Result]The results showed that the Na⁺ content in the organizations of E. angustifolia L. sharply increased with the increase of NaCl concentration. With prolonging of stress time, the Na⁺ content increased in roots, and decreased in stems and leaves. After seedlings of the two provenances were treated with 150 mmol·L^-1 NaCl for 7 days, the Na⁺ content was 2.10 times and 2.23 times in leaves, respectively, compared with the control groups, and was 1.79 times and 1.57 times in root. Meanwhile, the difference between two provenances showed a expanding trend with the increase of NaCl concentration and stress time. With the increase of NaCl concentration and extension of stress time, the K⁺ content, Ca²⁺ content and K⁺/Na⁺ ratio in organizations decreased gradually. Meanwhile, the Alaer provenance seedlings accumulated more Na⁺ in roots and less Na⁺ in leaves than that of Yinchuan provenance, and the K⁺ content, Ca²⁺ content and K⁺/Na⁺ ratio decreased less in the Alaer provenance seedlings than those of Yinchuan provenance. With the increase of NaCl concentration, the Mg²⁺ content in leaf gradually decrease, but the Mg²⁺ content in root increased 22.8~64.4% after salt stress for 7 days, and Alaer provenance seedlings increased more than Yinchuan provenance. After 30 days, there was non-significant difference with the control group on the Mg²⁺ content of root. K⁺ selective absorption of E. angustifolia L. seedlings significantly increased with increasing salt concentration of the media at the 7th days, whereas not obvious at the 30th days. When the concentration of NaCl in the media increased, the change of K⁺ selective transportation was not significant. [Conclusion]E. angustifolia L. seedlings increase Mg²⁺ content and K⁺ selective absorption in the roots at the early stage of salt stress to adapt saline environment. The salt-tolerance E. angustifolia L. provenance can cut off more Na⁺ in roots and reduce Na⁺ content in leaves, which cause less K⁺, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ contents loss, especially the roots and leaves, so as to ensure that all kinds of metabolisms can go well.     

海藻糖对NaCl胁迫下多年生黑麦草苗期生长和离子平衡的影响

以萌发15d的多年生黑麦草小苗为试验材料,采用全组合试验设计,研究了外施海藻糖(0、0.2%、0.6%)对不同NaCl浓度(0、0.5%、1.0%)胁迫下黑麦草生长和离子平衡的影响。结果表明:(1)适宜的海藻糖浓度(0.2%)显著(p0.05)提高了高盐(1.0%NaCl)胁迫下黑麦草的分蘖数,缓解了高盐对其生长的抑制作用;(2)0.6%海藻糖处理显著(p0.05)增加了0.5%和1.0%盐胁迫下的叶重比,但降低了根重比和根冠比。(3)高盐(1.0%NaCl)胁迫下,0.2%海藻糖处理的植株,K+含量明显高于其他处理,海藻糖促进了K+在根中的积累。外施0.2%海藻糖对相同盐浓度胁迫下各海藻糖处理中K+/Na+比率最高。     

海州常山的应用价值及栽培技术

海州常山是原产于我国的生态经济树种,在国内分布较广,具有重要的观赏、药用、生态价值。其应用价值目前尚未得到足够的重视,研究海州常山的栽培技术及利用价值具有重大意义。     

海州常山叶片实时荧光定量PCR的内参基因选择

目的 通过实时PCR（qRT-PCR）筛选海州常山叶片不同非生物胁迫条件下稳定的内参基因。 方法 利用已有的转录组数据,筛选出17个候选内参基因,在不同非生物胁迫（盐害、干旱和热害）下进行qRT-PCR,通过利用GeNorm、NormFinder、BestKeeper及ReFinder软件分析筛选不同胁迫中最适的内参基因,选择CtNHX1基因,验证所筛选的内参基因的稳定性。 结果 RPL、AP-2盐害胁迫下最稳定,MDH、AP-2干旱胁迫下最稳定,UBCE2、ACT热害胁迫下最稳定;综合来看,非生物处理中,AP-2、UBCE2是最稳定的参考基因。 结论 AP-2、UBCE2可作为海州常山叶片非生物胁迫研究中基因定量使用的内参基因,为进一步开展海州常山分子机制研究、耐盐基因的开发利用奠定基础。     

NaCl胁迫对毛白杨试管小植株叶片离子吸收及荧光诱导动力学参数的影响

为更好地利用盐渍化土壤,培育耐盐植株,以毛白杨试管小植株为材料,对NaCl胁迫下小植株叶片、离子吸收及荧光诱导动力学参数进行了研究.结果表明,NaCl胁迫下,随培养基中NaCl浓度的增加,毛白杨试管小植株叶片中K+含量逐渐减少,Na+含量逐渐递增.培养基中NaCl浓度达到0.3%时,随叶序由顶叶至基叶,K+含量逐渐减少,Na+含量逐渐上升.对叶片的叶绿素a荧光活性测定结果表明,NaCl胁迫降低了叶片光系统Ⅱ的潜在活性(Fv/Fo)和原初光能转化效率(Fv/Fm),荧光递变率Fd/Fs也有所下降.     

干旱胁迫对不同种源马尾松苗木生长的影响

对广东信宜、浙江江山、湖南汝城、重庆黔江和湖北大悟5个种源马尾松容器苗进行不同程度干旱周期性胁迫处理,测定和分析干旱胁迫对各种源马尾松苗木生长的影响。结果表明:干旱胁迫下,各种源马尾松苗木生长均受到抑制,中度胁迫和重度胁迫下的苗高增长量、地上部分干重、地下部分干重、总干重均低于对照。胁迫后期,各种源生长指标的变化幅度不一致。综合分析得出:湖南、湖北、广东种源较为耐旱;浙江、重庆种源耐旱能力较弱。     

低P胁迫对马尾松不同种源根系形态和干物质分配的影响

利用不同地区5个典型马尾松种源，布置3种P水平的盆栽实验，研究马尾松应对低P胁迫时根系形态和干物质分配特征的种源差异。结果表明，P素胁迫的加重导致马尾松干物质积累量的下降和一些根系参数的减小，但植株地下部分的干物质分配量和根系形态参数的相对值却显著增加。低P胁迫下，种源间干物质积累量(包括植株各部分和总的积累量)和侧根数等根系参数差异显著。低P下干物质生产能力较强的福建武平种源对磷肥的敏感性较低，广东信宜和浙江淳安种源次之，类似于大田和水培实验结果。遗传相关分析揭示：侧根发达、须根数量多的种源干物质生产能力强。根体积、侧根数、侧根总长、须根总数等可作为筛选马尾松耐低P种源的有效指标。     

低磷胁迫对不同种源马尾松幼苗的影响

对不同种源马尾松在低磷胁迫下形态和生理生化方面的变化进行研究的结果表明:各种源幼苗的苗高、地径的净增量变化趋势一致,P3>P2>P4>P1。随磷浓度的降低根冠比增加,极低磷处理条件下各种源根冠比均最大。低磷逆境下,马尾松针叶MDA含量、保护酶活性(POD、SOD、CAT),以及游离脯氨酸含量均增加,这些指标的变化是马尾松适应低磷胁迫的主要生理影响机制之一。磷浓度为5～10 mg/L时,3个种源幼苗生长最佳。其中,贵州孟关种源较湖南汝城和广西古蓬种源更耐低磷胁迫。     

NaCl胁迫对黄芪种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

研究不同浓度NaCl的处理下,对黄芪种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响.结果表明：低浓度盐处理有利于促进种子萌发,对幼苗的生长也未表现出不利影响;随盐胁迫浓度的增大,黄芪种子发芽率、发芽指数、幼苗的生长在形态上都表现出盐害效应.     

Effects of NaCl stress on seed germination, leaf gas exchange and seedling growth of Pteroceltis tatarinowii

Effects of NaCl on seed germination, leaf gas exchange and seedling growth were investigated. The germination of P. tatarinowii seeds was delayed in the presence of NaCl, and was significantly inhibited when NaCl concentration exceeded 17 mM (1.0 g·L⁻¹). NaCl treatments induced reductions of transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and net photosynthetic rate and their reductions were significant with the increasing of NaCl concentration. However, intercellular CO₂ concentration in seedling leaves under salt stress was significantly higher than that of controls. There was a significant reduction in survival, basal diameter increment and height increment with increasing NaCl concentration 50 days after NaCl treatment, and a significant reduction in the dry weight increment of roots, stems, and leaves was also observed in the NaCl treatments. The deleterious effect on the biomass increment was more evident in the case of stems and leaves. Results from this study suggest that P. tatarinowii is sensitive to salinity stress and the salinity threshold for seedling growth might be less 34 mM (2.0 g·L⁻¹). Biography: FANG Sheng-zuo (1963–), male, Professor, College of Forest Resources and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China.     

Effect of NaCl and high pH on seedling growth of 15 Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. provenances

Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. is a moderately salt-tolerant Australian tree species widely used in farm forestry, often in salt-affected landscapes. In a glasshouse experiment, E. camaldulensis seedlings from 15 wide-ranging Australian seed sources (provenances), were cultured in sand-filled pots and treated for 57 days with control (no added NaCl in tap water, neutral pH), saline (150 mol m^–3 NaCl, stepped high pH (pH 7.6 to 9.5) and combined NaCl and high pH solutions. Significant differences were found among provenances in height and shoot dry weight. Differences in provenance response to treatment were found for dry weight but not for height. Reductions in shoot dry weight due to NaCl and high pH ranged from 42.9% to 82.0% and 4.3% to 51.7% respectively. Provenances from Lake Hindmarsh-SE (Victoria) and Lake Albacutya-N (Victoria) had relatively high tolerance to both stresses whereas those from Lake Albacutya-S (Victoria), Lowan Valley (Victoria), Silverton (New South Wales) and Katherine (Northern Territory) had low tolerance to both stresses. Provenances from De Grey River and Fitzroy River (Western Australia) were most tolerant of high pH. The performance of these provenances in this experiment generally accorded well with that in saline field environments.     

NaCl胁迫对青檀种子发芽率、叶气体交换和苗木生长的影响

在水培条件下,本文探讨了NaCl胁迫对青檀种子发芽率、叶气体交换和苗木生长的影响。研究结果表明,NaCl胁迫延长了青檀种子的发芽时间,特别是当NaCl浓度超过17mM(1.0g/L)时,发芽率明显降低;NaCl胁迫降低了青檀叶的呼吸速率、气孔导度和净光合速率,并随着NaCl胁迫浓度的提高,下降的幅度更大,但NaCl胁迫苗木胞间隙CO2浓度明显高于对照;与对照相比,在NaCl胁迫50天后,青檀苗木的成活率、苗高和地径生长以及根系、茎和叶生物量显著降低,但茎和叶生物量下降更为明显。本文的研究结果认为,青檀是一种对盐胁迫较敏感的植物,一年生幼苗的耐盐阈值在34mM(2.0g/L)左右。图2表3参27。     

Effect of NaCl stress on ion distribution in roots and growth of Cyclocarya paliurus seedlings

We studied ion distribution in roots and the growth of Cyclocarya paliurus seedlings of three provenances, Huangshan in Anhui, Jiujiang in Jiangxi and Kunming in Yunnan, under conditions of 0, 1, 3 and 5 g/L NaCl stress using X-ray microanalysis. Results show that under NaCl stress of 3 and 5 g/L, the relative contents of Na⁺ and Cl⁻ in root tissues increased, while the relative contents of K⁺, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ decreased. With an increase in salinity, the relative content of Na⁺ in the epidermis and cortex of the root increased, while the relative content of Cl⁻ in the stele and cortex of the root increased markedly. Thus, ions in the root tissues were unbalanced and the ratios K⁺/Na⁺ and Ca²⁺/Na⁺ decreased, while Na⁺/(K⁺+ Na⁺+Ca²⁺+Mg²⁺) increased. The decrease of the K⁺/Na⁺ ratio and the substantial increase of Cl⁻ in root tissues contributed to a decline in seedlings survival and reduced the increments for seedling leaf area, height, basal diameter as well biomass. Our preliminary conclusion is that the level of salt tolerance for the tested provenance seedlings was in the order of Huangshan > Kunming > Jiujiang, and the threshold of salt tolerance for C. paliurus seedlings was about 1 g/L. __________ Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinica, 2008, 44(6): 66–72 [틫自: 쇖튵뿆톧]     

不同种源美国红枫苗期光合特性研究

利用Li-6400便携式光合仪测量10个种源美国红枫的光合速率及蒸腾速率,分析美国红枫光合速率及蒸腾速率日变化规律,比较不同种源美国红枫光合作用的差异。结果表明:美国红枫净光合速率日变化呈典型单峰曲线,光合速率与光量子密度呈显著正相关;蒸腾速率日变化趋势与净光合速率相似,两者呈显著正相关。不同种源间光合速率存在显著差异,光合速率较高的种源为4#、5#、6#,较低的种源为1#、2#、10#。不同种源间蒸腾速率差异显著,蒸腾速率较高的种源为4#、7#、8#,较低的种源为1#、2#、10#。     

枫杨种源苗期生长节律的初步研究

对枫杨24个种源1年生苗高和地径生长节律进行了测定,结果表明,苗高生长呈单峰型,7月下旬－8月下旬为速生期,8月生长量占全年总生长量的46.05%-60.81%,9月中旬苗高生长停滞,最大苗高2m;苗高生长最快的种源生长高峰期10d生长量可达38cm,根据峰值的位置可将参试种源初分为3个类型：峰值靠前型、峰值靠后型和宽峰持续速生型,参试种源的地径生长可分为2种类型,其中多数种源为双峰生长型,第1生长高峰出现在7月中旬,第2生长高峰在8月中旬、8月下旬或9月上旬,种源间2个生长高峰期的相对生长量有差异;呈单峰生长型的种源,地径生长高峰在7月中句;高峰期生长最快的种源地径10d生长量可达0.45cm,多数种源到10月14日之前地径仍在生长,但7－9月的生长量占全年生长量的75.89%。     

柳叶栎不同种源生长变异研究

从柳叶栎原产地美国宾夕法尼亚、田纳西、阿肯色和路易斯安娜等4个州引进9个柳叶栎种源,于1999年分别在江苏东海县、宜兴市等地进行造林试验,对试验林进行了8 a观测,调查了造林当年成活率和3 a时保存率,测定了树高、地径、幅冠等生长指标。结果表明,9个不同种源间生长有显著差异,其树高、地径和冠幅的遗传变异系数分别为8.26%~11.42%,14.14%~18.9%和5.9%~13.6%。1~8 a时,柳叶栎种源的树高和地径年际间相关显著,具有早期选择潜力。按综合指数评定法,初选出9818号和9817号2个综合性状表现好的优良种源,其树高和地径比参试种源平均值增加10.6%和13.9%。     

NaCl胁迫对构树种子发芽及幼苗生理生化指标的影响

研究了不同浓度NaCl(0,25,50,75,100,125 mmol/L)对构树种子发芽和幼苗生长及生理效应的影响.结果表明:低浓度(25 mmol/L)盐胁迫下,构树种子的发芽率比对照升高了7.7%,同时幼苗根长亦有显著增加,比对照高23%,苗高、发芽指数、活力指数虽有所下降但不显著;随着NaCl浓度的增大,构树种子的发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数均呈下降趋势,发芽后幼苗的根长、苗高、鲜质量等也呈下降趋势,幼苗生长被抑制.对幼苗的生理指标测定显示:细胞膜透性随着盐浓度的增加逐渐升高,细胞膜稳定性受到破坏;MDA含量、SOD、POD活性随盐浓度的增加呈现先升高后降低的趋势,膜透性和MDA含量与SOD活性呈极显著相关.     

不同处理对红松苗木生长影响的研究

通过对红松种子雪藏和沙藏、红松留床苗覆锯沫子和草碳土等不同处理方法对红松苗木生长影响的研究，表明种子的沙藏和雪藏对苗木的高生长和径生长都有显著影响。