奶牛隐性乳房炎病原菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

为了解贵阳市某乳业有限公司奶牛场隐性乳房炎流行情况及其主要病原菌,采用CMT方法检出隐性乳房炎乳样后,对阳性乳样进行细菌分离与鉴定,同时对其主要病原菌进行了体外药敏试验。结果表明,该公司奶牛场隐性乳房炎的感染率为40％,主要病原菌为葡萄球菌属和链球菌属细菌,其敏感的抗菌药物有先锋V霉素、利福平、丙氟哌酸、氟哌酸、新霉素、卡那霉素、庆大霉素等,经临床用药观察,有效地控制了该公司奶牛场隐性乳房炎。     

北京某地区奶牛隐性乳房炎病原菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

为掌握北京某区各奶牛场奶牛隐性乳房炎流行情况及其主要病原菌,采用BMT方法检出隐性乳房炎乳样后,对阳性乳样进行细菌分离与鉴定,同时对其主要病原菌进行了体外药敏试验。结果表明,该区奶牛场隐性乳房炎的感染率为22%,主要病原菌为无乳链球菌、乳房链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌等细菌,其敏感的抗菌药物有头孢噻呋钠、头孢拉定、氟哌酸、新霉素、卡那霉素、庆大霉素等,经采取临床用药及改善挤奶方式等措施,有效地控制了该区奶牛场隐性乳房炎。     

奶牛隐性乳房炎的病原分离及药敏试验报告

调查了合肥郊区部分奶牛场乳房炎发生情况,采用SMT检测法检测该奶牛场的隐性乳房炎，对100头奶牛进行检测，检出69头．隐性乳房炎阳性率为69％，并对乳样进行细菌分离鉴定，选择主要病原菌做药敏试验。结果表明，隐性乳房炎的主要致病菌为葡萄球菌、链球菌和大肠杆菌，它们对头孢噻吩钠、诺氟沙星、氨苄西林、羧苄青霉素等药物均高度敏感。     

进口荷斯坦牛隐性乳房炎病原菌的分离鉴定

调查了新疆石河子某奶牛场的隐性乳房炎的发病情况，采集200份乳样进行细菌的分离鉴定，共检测出隐性乳房炎病牛58头，检出率29％；分离到5种7株病原菌，其中主要的致病菌为链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌。     

重庆地区奶牛隐性乳房炎病原菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

对重庆地区６个奶牛场的７６头黑白花奶牛２９４份奶样，采用ＬＭＴ方法检测隐性乳房炎，按常规方法分离鉴定病原菌，用纸片法对其病原菌进行药敏试验。结果表明，ＬＭＴ阳性奶牛检出率为７８．９４％、阳性乳区的检出率为５０．４３％；阳性乳区的细菌检出率为８７．８３％；分离鉴定的病原菌以葡萄球菌和链球菌为主，占检出细菌总数的９４．６０％；而这些病原菌对庆大霉素、氯霉素和红霉素的敏感性最高。目前在临床上可首选此类药物治疗奶牛隐性乳房炎     

奶牛隐性乳腺炎病原菌的分离鉴定

用兰州乳房炎试验(LMT)对来自西安市某个牛场的76份奶样作隐性乳房炎检验，并对乳样进行细菌分离鉴定。结果表明，该牛场的隐性乳房炎检出率为33％，阳性乳样中细菌检出率为93．4％。阴性乳样中病原菌检出率为28％，在检出的94株细菌中，共有5种菌22株是与乳房炎有关的病原菌。其中葡萄球菌和链球菌占病原菌总数的90％以上。是引起该场奶牛隐性乳房炎的主要病原菌。     

新疆克拉玛依地区奶牛隐性乳房炎病原菌的分离鉴定

用兰州乳房炎检测试剂(Lanzhou mastitis test,LMT)对克拉玛依规模化奶牛场进行了奶牛隐性乳房炎流行病学调查。结果显示,该地区奶牛隐性乳房炎的发病率为70.43%(543/771)。对543份阳性牛乳样品进行了病原菌的分离鉴定,结果发现,阳性乳样品中细菌分离率达89.13%(484/543),葡萄球菌、链球菌、肠杆菌和棒状杆菌为主要致病菌,且多为几种致病菌的混合感染。     

重庆地区奶牛隐性乳房炎病原菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

对重庆地区６个奶牛场的７６头黑白花奶牛２９４份奶样，采用ＬＭ方法检测隐性乳房炎，按常规方法分离鉴定病原菌，用纸片法对春病原菌进行药敏试验。结果表明，ＬＭＴ阳性奶牛检出率为７８．９４％，阳性服区的检出率为５０．４３％；阳性乳区的细菌检出率为７８７．８３％；分离鉴定的病原菌以葡萄球菌和链球菌为主，占检出细菌总数的９４．６０％。     

重庆部分地区泌乳奶牛乳房炎的病因及发病情况调查

对重庆部分地区６个奶牛场１１８头泌乳奶牛进行临床型乳房炎的病因及发病情况调查,并对其中７６头泌４乳奶牛进行隐性乳房炎检查,同时对２２６份患乳房炎和健康奶牛奶样进行细菌学分离鉴定。结果表明：临床型乳房炎奶牛及阳性乳区分别为８．４７％（１０／１１８）和３．３２％（１５／４５２）;隐性乳房炎奶牛及阳性乳区分别为７８．９４％（６０／７６）和５０．３４％（１４８／２９４）;临床型乳房炎、隐性乳房炎奶牛的阳性乳区奶样和健康奶牛的奶样细菌检出率分别为８６．６７％（１３／１５）、８７．８３％（１３０／１４８）和７３．００％（４６／６３）;检出的细菌主要是葡萄球菌和链球菌。     

南京郊区奶牛乳房炎病原菌分离鉴定及药敏试验

调查了南京郊区部分奶牛场乳房炎发生情况 ,采集临床型乳房炎患牛的乳样进行细菌分离鉴定 ,并选择主要病原菌做药敏试验。结果表明 ,临床型乳房炎的发病率为 2 36 % ,隐性乳房炎平均头阳性率和乳区阳性率分别为 53 97%和 1 8 92 % ;主要致病菌为葡萄球菌、链球菌和大肠杆菌 ,它们对环丙沙星、氟哌酸和氟嗪酸等药物均高度敏感     

Tick vaccines and the transmission of tick-borne pathogens

Ticks transmit pathogens that cause diseases which greatly impact both human and animal health. Vaccines developed against Boophilus spp. using Bm86 and Bm95 tick gut antigens demonstrated the feasibility of using vaccines for control of tick infestations. These vaccines also reduced transmission of tick-borne pathogens by decreasing exposure of susceptible hosts to ticks. The recently discovered tick antigens, 64P putative cement protein and subolesin involved in the regulation of tick feeding and reproduction, were also shown to reduce tick infestations. These antigens, together with the TROSPA receptor for Burrelia burgdorferi OspA were effective against tick-borne pathogens by reducing the infection levels in ticks and/or the transmission of the pathogen. Development of a vaccine targeted at both the tick vector and pathogen would contribute greatly to the control of tick infestations and the transmission of tick-borne diseases. These results have demonstrated that tick vaccines can be developed for control tick infestations and show promise for the prevention of the transmission of tick-borne pathogens.     

Molecular typing of pathogens

Molecular typing and fingerprinting of bacterial pathogens has become a major part of epidemiology, disease monitoring, intervention and food safety research. This treatise will briefly address the aims of molecular typing and the criteria that are important to choose the optimal method of typing. However, since the method of choice will depend on a number of factors, including available facilities and research goals, no particular methods are recommended; instead, theoretical considerations are presented as a guide line for the best decision. Since molecular typing is examining the nature of the population genetics of a particular organism, it is important to understand how the degree of clonality of that particular organism will influence outcome and interpretation of results. The mechanisms that lead to non-clonality are briefly outlined. The problems with typing of clonal, non-clonal, and weakly clonal populations are briefly treated. The merits and myths of multilocus sequence typing (MLST) are discussed.     

金柑流胶病致病菌的分离与初步鉴定

近年来在金柑上出现流胶现象,施用防治流胶病的药剂没有明显作用,且其致病菌目前报道很少。本实验室通过从金柑流胶病株上分离纯化得到5株真菌,编号为JG1、JG2、JG3、JG4、JG5。致病性测定发现5株真菌的致病程度不同,JG4孢子悬浮液处理发病最重,JG1处理发病最轻。对这5种真菌进行形态学、分子生物学鉴定,发现JG2、JG3、JG4属于链格孢（Alternaria sp.）,JG1属于叶点霉（Phyllosticta sp.）,JG5属于镰孢霉（Fusarium sp.）。这为金柑流胶病的防治和快速鉴定奠定了基础。     

掌叶大黄根腐病病原菌的分离与鉴定

通过对甘肃礼县种植的二年生掌叶大黄根腐病发病部位分离纯化,然后利用根部离体接种法致病性测定,旨在明确导致掌叶大黄根腐病的病原物,为其防治提供理论依据。结果表明,从掌叶大黄根腐病株中共获得8种分离物,主要致病菌分别为粉红单端孢霉、尖孢镰刀菌和立枯丝核菌,其分离频率随病原菌种类和植株发育进程而异,粉红单端孢霉和立枯丝核菌在不同生长期发病部位均可分离获得,分离频率分别为41.18%～55.56%和3.03%～44.44%,尖孢镰刀菌仅在生长后期获得,分离频率为9.09%。刺伤大黄幼根接种致病菌后,根腐病发病率均较无刺伤接种显著提高。尖孢镰刀菌潜育期最短,病斑面积最大,致病力最强,而粉红单端孢霉和立枯丝核菌潜育期长,病斑面积小,致病力相对较弱。以上说明伤口有助于掌叶大黄根腐病病原菌的侵染,建议掌叶大黄定植和栽培管理过程中要尽量保证植株的完整性,严防伤口产生。另外,利用根部离体接种法进行根腐病致病性测定操作简单,回接时间短,再分离率高,结果可靠,可在植物根部病害研究中应用。     

Taxonomy of bacterial fish pathogens

ABSTRACT: Bacterial taxonomy has progressed from reliance on highly artificial culture-dependent techniques involving the study of phenotype (including morphological, biochemical and physiological data) to the modern applications of molecular biology, most recently 16S rRNA gene sequencing, which gives an insight into evolutionary pathways (= phylogenetics). The latter is applicable to culture-independent approaches, and has led directly to the recognition of new uncultured bacterial groups, i.e. "Candidatus", which have been associated as the cause of some fish diseases, including rainbow trout summer enteritic syndrome. One immediate benefit is that 16S rRNA gene sequencing has led to increased confidence in the accuracy of names allocated to bacterial pathogens. This is in marked contrast to the previous dominance of phenotyping, and identifications, which have been subsequently challenged in the light of 16S rRNA gene sequencing. To date, there has been some fluidity over the names of bacterial fish pathogens, with some, for example Vibrio anguillarum, being divided into two separate entities (V. anguillarum and V. ordalii). Others have been combined, for example V. carchariae, V. harveyi and V. trachuri as V. harveyi. Confusion may result with some organisms recognized by more than one name; V. anguillarum was reclassified as Beneckea and Listonella, with Vibrio and Listonella persisting in the scientific literature. Notwithstanding, modern methods have permitted real progress in the understanding of the taxonomic relationships of many bacterial fish pathogens.