江苏沿海地区杂交抗虫棉高产栽培新技术

江苏沿海地区植棉历史悠久，为我国重要棉花生产基地。近年来由于全球气候异常，自然灾害频发，病虫暴发，严重影响了棉花生产。再加上劳动力及生产资料成本上升，2008年棉花收购价格大幅下降，使得棉农植棉积极性下降，棉花种植面积锐减。江苏沿海地区现在的植棉田多为沿海滩涂和旱地、老棉田，多年连作，枯、黄萎病发生日益严重。况且如今选用的棉花品种90％以上为抗虫杂交棉，传统植棉方法已无法适应高产要求，弊端日现，     

应用耗散结构理论分析苏北沿海棉花生产创新发展的可能性

耗散结构理论横跨自然科学和社会科学,具有高度的抽象性和普遍的适用性。本文运用这一理论观点,分析苏北沿海地区棉花生产创新发展的可能性。提出开放性是苏北沿海棉花生产的基本特征;打破平衡是苏北沿海棉花生产创新发展的前提;非线性作用是苏北沿海棉花生产创新发展的基础;涨落机制是苏北沿海棉花生产创新发展的动因。     

苏沿海棉区灾年棉花产量与成因分析

介绍了江苏沿海棉区2009年棉花生产实绩，分析了灾害年份沿海棉花棉苗生长发育、苗情指标、产量结构等变化情况。指出了目前沿海棉区依然存盘棉田水系较差、田间管理粗放、病虫发生严重等突出问题，这些问题制约着沿海棉花生产水平的提高。     

苏北沿海棉花发展方式转变的思路分析

 介绍了苏北沿海棉花生产现状,指出棉花生产能力下降、纺织用棉供给减少已影响盐城棉花生产稳定和棉纺工作发展;分析了转变苏北沿海棉花发展方式的主要思路,提出转变棉花发展方式的保障措施。     

江苏省沿海地区发展盐碱地植棉战略思考

通过对江苏省棉花生产现状、问题与优势的分析,阐明了稳定江苏棉花生产的战略构架,提出了里下河稻麦棉轮作植棉区以发展棉花超高产栽培和麦后棉花机械直播为方向的高产高效栽培模式,沿海旱作植棉区以发展棉田立体间套种为方向的高效栽培模式,积极开拓沿海盐碱地全程机械化植棉。     

苏北沿海棉区棉花生产发展的定位

分析了苏北沿海棉区棉花生产面临困境的原因；对棉花生产的原棉品质、主推品种、主推技术、创新技术等进行定住；提出了以棉花品种创新为先导、推进沿海棉花品种布局优化和棉作科技进步、实现棉花单产新突破的思路。     

江苏沿海棉区棉花生产突出问题与对策

分析了沿海棉区棉花生产中存在的突出问题;提出了发展棉花生产的目标任务;从强化信息引导、稳定棉花面积,优化生产布局、提高栽培水平,推广主导品种、普及主推技术,立足安全栽培、防抗自然灾害,实施高品质棉行动计划、打造棉花优势品牌等方面探讨了沿海棉区棉花生产稳定发展的对策.     

苏沿海棉区棉花抗逆栽培技术探讨

介绍了苏北沿海棉区近5年来棉花生产现状;分析了沿海棉区棉花生产5年中有4年受灾的原因;提出了配套水系,合理密度,轮作换茬,培土壅根,综防病虫,全程化调的棉花抗逆栽培和安全生产技术思路。     

我国棉花生产版图面临第3次调整

在国外棉花大量涌入、东部省区工农业结构加快调整的情形下，我国棉花生产历经十多年的“三足鼎立”格局已经开始发生变化。由于国内外棉花市场全面接轨不可避免，棉花产区重心继续西移的态势将无法逆转。     

苏北沿海棉花单产制约因素与技术对策

分析了江苏沿海棉区盐城市2012年棉花产量效益及技术应用情况,剖析了制约棉花单产的主要因素,指出了提高棉花单产的技术对策.     

兜兰离体快繁技术研究进展

由于生境破坏和人工过度采挖及繁殖的障碍,兜兰已是世界上最濒危的植物物种之一,所有野生种均被列入《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》附录I而被禁止交易。突破其种苗繁殖技术瓶颈有利于兜兰种质资源的保护和可持续利用。本文对兜兰属植物无菌播种、共生萌发和组织培养技术等离体快繁技术的进展进行综述,并提出了目前存在的问题和解决方法,以期为兜兰属植物离体繁殖技术的深入研究和优质种苗的规模化生产提供参考。     

High variation in frequency of infection by endophytes in cultivars of meadow fescue in Finland

Systemic and asymptomatic Neotyphodium fungal endophytes infect numerous species of the Poaceae. The frequencies of Neotyphodium endophyte infection in Finland were investigated among and within seven Nordic cultivars of meadow fescue, Schedonorus pratensis (Huds.) P. Beauv., which is a widely grown pasture and forage grass species in Scandinavia. The cultivars were Kasper, Salten, Antti, Fure, Ilmari, Inkeri and Kalevi. Frequencies of infection of cultivars varied from endophyte-free cultivar Fure to highly infected cultivar Inkeri [mean (standard deviation of mean) of 0·95 (0·023)]. Mean frequencies of infection of three cultivars remained lower than 0·10, and two of the cultivars, Kasper and Salten, were intermediately infected. In most of the cultivars, frequencies of infection varied only slightly among seed lots. In cultivar Kasper, however, the frequency of endophyte infection was highly variable (0–0·96) among the 45 seed lots examined. The relative importance of cultivar, seed lot and infection by Neotyphodium endophyte to the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi L. was studied experimentally, using both endophyte-free and endophyte-infected plants of four seed lots of the two intermediately infected cultivars. Endophyte infection increased plant resistance to R. padi , overriding the influences of seed lot and cultivar. It is proposed that variation caused by endophyte infections in cultivars of meadow fescue should be taken into account in assessing plant breeding programmes in Europe.     

Investigation of Polymorphisms in Coding Region of OsHKT1 in Relation to Salinity in Rice

Rice(Oryza sativa) is sensitive to salinity, but the salt tolerance level differs among cultivars, which might result from natural variations in the genes that are responsible for salt tolerance. High-affinity potassium transporter(HKTs) has been proven to be involved in salt tolerance in plants. Therefore, we screened for natural nucleotide polymorphism in the coding sequence of Os HKT1, which encodes the HKT protein in eight Vietnamese rice cultivars differing in salt tolerance level. In total, seven nucleotide substitutions in coding sequence of Os HKT1 were found, including two non-synonymous and five synonymous substitutions. Further analysis revealed that these two non-synonymous nucleotide substitutions(G50T and T1209A) caused changes in amino acids(Gly17Val and Asp403Glu) at signal peptide and the loop of the sixth transmembrane domain, respectively. To assess the potential effect of these substitutions on the protein function, the 3D structure of HKT protein variants was modelled by using PHYRE2 webserver. The results showed that no difference was observed when compared those predicted 3D structure of HKT protein variants with each other. In addition, the codon bias of synonymous substitutions cannot clearly show correlation with salt tolerance level. It might be interesting to further investigate the functional roles of detected non-synonymous substitutions as it might correlate to salt tolerance in rice.     

我国发展能源油料作物的策略分析

分析了国内外植物油脂的供需形势、我国耕地和边际地利用潜力、油脂植物资源的种属分布特点等,提出发展我国能源油料作物和生物柴油产业的3点建议：加大对边际地、油脂植物资源的调查等基础平台性研究,为政府决策和产业服务;加强产学研结合,形成研究、推广、产业的良性循环;制定能源植物推广应用优惠政策、推动能源油料作物生产发展。     

用蛭石做马铃薯快繁培养基支持体的初步研究

1　前　言目前 ,马铃薯脱毒快繁技术已广泛应用于科研与生产中 ,快繁过程中脱毒苗培养基支持体通常采用琼脂或直接采用液体培养。然而这两种培养基存在着诸多问题 ,例如琼脂培养基中的琼脂价格昂贵、成本高 ,而且胶体不利于营养物质的扩散、透气性差 ,导致瓶苗生长不良。因此 ,该实验在本着降低成本的同时 ,又能保证瓶苗正常生长的前提下 ,以蛭石代替琼脂 ,分析其在实际生产中的应用价值。2　材料与方法2 1　材料供试品种为郑薯 6号脱毒苗 ,试验于 2 0 0 2年在郑州市蔬菜研究所马铃薯脱毒实验室内进行。2 2　方法本试验设两个处理 :处理 1…     

Matlab在玉米子粒灌浆特性分析中的应用

利用Matlab软件对玉米子粒灌浆过程用Richards方程进行拟合后,通过编程实现灌浆次级特征参数计算,并对不同播期子粒灌浆特征进行分析和探讨。结果表明,在黑龙港地区生态条件下,不同播期玉米各部位子粒灌浆均符合"S"形生长曲线,可用Richards方程很好地拟合。不同播期条件下,早播处理子粒起始势最高,达到灌浆盛期时间最早,平均灌浆速率及最大灌浆速率最大,活跃灌浆期较长,粒重最高。各播期玉米不同部位子粒,穗下部与上部相比,子粒的起始生长势较大,平均灌浆速率较高,达到灌浆高峰期时间较短,粒重较高。     

5个马铃薯品种组培幼苗的磷效率差异研究

试验以5个生产用马铃薯品种脱毒试管苗为材料,采用组织培养的方法,初步研究了茎切段在正常磷及低磷培养基中生长30 d时幼苗的磷营养效率差异,为筛选出适宜于生产用的磷高效马铃薯品种奠定了基础。试验结果表明,5个马铃薯品种幼苗在正常磷和低磷胁迫下对磷素的吸收和利用能力均存在明显的基因型差异。利用各品种幼苗的磷效率指标(植株干重、鲜重、吸磷量、磷利用效率)的相对指标(低磷处理的结果/正常磷处理的结果×100)进行聚类分析(类平均法)的结果表明,大白和I-1035属于磷高效基因型品种,中农Ⅷ是磷低效基因型品种,凉薯97和疫不加则属于中间类型品种。     

Role of invertase in the accumulation of sugars in cold-stored potatoes

Freshly harvested potatoes contain low levels of total invertase and high levels of invertase inhibitor. Total invertase increases sharply when potatoes are placed in cold storage, but the inhibitor is not depleted in all varieties. The absence of basal invertase activity in Norchip tubers indicates that an excess of invertase is not required for reducing sugar formation. Analyses of 37 varieties and seedlings after 3 months cold storage revealed that the reducing sugar content is not proportional to the invertase activity. High sugar contents are associated with low inhibitor levels, but low sugars are not necessarily associated with high inhibitor levels. The results indicate that invertase participates in reducing sugar formation, but other factors are responsible for the regulation of starch-sugar conversion in potatoes during cold storage.