Inheritance of yield components and their correlation with yield in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.)

Summary The inheritance of yield components was studied in a cross of two varieties of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), and the relationships among the components and yield were examined in the F₂ of a cross and in a trial of 22 varieties. The main objective was to determine the suitability of using the components as selection criteria for increasing seed yield. All the components appeared to be under polygenic control and transgressive segregation in the F₂ was observed for pod length and number of seeds per pod. Narrow sense heritability estimates ranged from 19.8% for number of pods per plant to 60.3% for pod length. Most of the genotypic correlations between pairs of yield components were significant. Correlation of yield per plant was negative with pod length, but positive with the other components. Number of pods per plant was consistently correlated with yield. However because of low heritability for number of pods per plant, this component may only be used as a preliminary selection criterion while the final selection is based on yield itself.     

河南夏大豆区近30年主要大豆品种产量改良的遗传进展

提高产量是大豆育种的主要目标。研究大豆产量及其相关性状的遗传进展,对于今后制定高产育种策略有重要参考意义。本研究随机选择近30年河南主要育成品种中的18个大豆品种,进行两年产量评价试验的研究。结果表明,产量随育种年份增加总体呈递增趋势,遗传进展为17.39kghm^-2,年递增率是0.7%;有效分枝、主茎节数、百粒重、株高有弱的正向遗传进展,而单株荚数和每荚粒数表现弱的负向遗传进展,但均不显著。百粒重、主茎节数和株高与产量有显著的遗传相关与表型相关,环境相关均不显著,表明这3个性状具有较大的遗传力,随产量性状的遗传改良,这3个性状均协同提高,且不易受环境条件的影响;而有效分枝、单株荚数、每荚粒数与产量的遗传相关和表型相关均没达到显著水平,这是它们与百粒重、主茎节数、株高有极显著负遗传相关所致。     

Evaluation of Early Generation Testing in Chickpea1)

Inter-generation correlations between F₂-F₃, F₂-F₄ and F₃-F₄ in six crosses of chickpea were calculated by using individual plant/progeny means. In general, correlation values in case of plant height, seeds per pod and 100-seed weight were higher between F₃ and F₄ than those between F₂ and F₃ and F₂ and F₄. However, inter-generation correlations were mostly non-significant in case of pods per plant and grain yield. These results clearly show that selection in F₃ can be fruitful for seeds per pod and 100-seed weight. However, selection for pods per plant and grain yield in early generations may not show any relationship with later generation performance for these traits.     

利用混合线性模型分析绿豆主要农艺性状的遗传及相关性

以19个绿豆品种(系)为亲本, 采用非完全双列杂交试验设计及混合线性模型,研究绿豆主要农艺性状的遗传规律及其性状间的相互关系。结果表明, 绿豆全生育日数、株高、主茎节数和百粒重均以加性效应为主, 狭义遗传率较高且达极显著水平;单株荚数、单株产量和总产量的加性效应和显性效应均显著或极显著, 狭义遗传率相对较低;单荚粒数主要受显性效应影响, 广义遗传率较高;播种至开花天数与株高间存在显著或极显著遗传和表型正相关;单株荚数、单荚粒数与百粒重显著或极显著负相关;单株荚数与单株产量、总产量显著或极显著正相关;百粒重与单株产量、总产量相关性不大;针对全生育日数、株高、主茎节数和百粒重的选择可在早期世代进行, 而对产量的选择可以根据单株荚数和单株产量在晚期世代进行。     

Heritability of quantitative traits in segregating common bean families using a Bayesian approach

Genetic parameters for six quantitative traits in the early generation of segregating populations of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were evaluated. A Bayesian approach was used for estimating the variance components, breeding values and broad sense heritability of the quantitative traits under analysis. The Markov Chain Monte Carlo method was utilized to analyze the contribution of genes affecting complex traits. Twenty-four F₃ families were evaluated in the field during 2005 in Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. With regard to the grain yield and yield components, the additive variances were relatively similar to the dominance variances. This result is confirmed by the 95% credible set from the posterior distribution. The mean estimates of broad-sense heritability (H²) varied from 11.5% to 64.2%. The heritability estimates of yield and yield components were higher than the estimates for the number of days until flowering and reproductive period. However, for grain yield, the 95% heritability credible set included the heritability estimates from point of crop duration. The predicted genetic gain reached the highest value for the number of pods per plant (10.95%). Days to flowering and reproductive period had the lowest values of genetic advance. One hundred seed-weight, grain yield and seeds per pod exhibited a similar predictable level of genetic gain: GA = 5.73%, 5.81% and 4.77%, respectively. The Bayesian framework provided information that is useful for a breeding program, since it contributes to the understanding of how quantitative traits are genetically controlled.     

南阳盆地适宜机械化收获绿豆品种(系)农艺性状分析

绿豆机械化生产是未来绿豆生产可持续发展的方向.在南阳盆地种植28个绿豆品种(系),分析其农艺性状与第1批荚果产量的关系,为适宜机械化的绿豆育种提供参考.结果表明,第1批荚果产量与其主要性状的关联顺序为单株荚数＞单荚粒数＞主茎节数＞株高＞生育期＞荚长＞百粒重＞主茎分枝数,其中与单株荚数呈极显著的正相关性(P＜0.01),...     

Genetic analyses of agronomic and seed quality traits of doubled haploid population in Brassica napus through microspore culture

Summary The results showed that the F1 genotype from the cross (Brassica napus cv. Zheshuang 758 × cv. Z-4115) had good response to embryogenesis, and their embryo yield and rate of plant regeneration reached 69.8 embryo/bud and 46.9%, respectively. Characters from the doubled haploid (DH) populations in B. napus were analyzed and it was showed that the means of each agronomic trait were between their parents, but they were nearer to the paternal in 6 agronomic traits (plant height, branch position, number of pods in the main raceme, length of pod, number of pods/plant and number of seeds/pod). The number of genes controlling each agronomic trait was analyzed based on the DH populations. The results showed that the number of genes controlling number of pods in the main raceme was the highest (15.6), and the least number of genes was involved for stem width (only 7.9). According to estimated coefficients of skewness and kurtosis of the traits tested, gene interaction was found to be absent for stem width, plant height, length of main raceme, number of primary and secondary branches, pod density in the main raceme and seed weight/plant. Complementary interaction was also observed in five agronomic traits (number of pods in the main raceme, length of pod, number of pods/plant, number of seeds/pod and 1000-seed weight). A significantly positive correlation was observed between seed yield/plant and four agronomic traits (length of main raceme, length of pod, number of pods/plant and 1000-seed weight). The experiment also showed that the erucic acid, glucosinolate, oil and protein contents of DH populations were 34.23%, 87.09 μmol/g, 44.09% and 42.67%, respectively. The numbers of genes controlling each quality trait were 7.8, 9.7, 9.4 and 8.7, respectively. Partial correlations between the seed quality traits and the agronomic characters of DH populations were analyzed. In this experiment, the partial correlations among seed quality traits were also analyzed and it was found that the oil content had a negative correlation with the other three seed quality traits.     

花生单株生产力与主要农艺性状间的相关性研究

为了解各主要农艺性状对花生单株生产力影响的主次关系,利用来源于5个国家的126份花生栽培种资源为试验材料,通过表型相关性分析和灰色关联度分析相结合的方法,探讨了12个农艺性状与单株生产力之间的密切程度。结果表明：单株总果数和单株饱果数对花生单株生产力的影响最大,其次为结果枝数和百仁重;而主茎高、侧枝长、出仁率和公斤果数对其影响较小。单株总果数、单株饱果数、结果枝数与单株生产力的表型、遗传型和环境相关系数大小基本一致,而出仁率与单株生产力之间的环境相关系数为0.185,显著小于表型(0.521)和遗传型(0.650)相关系数;且从单个性状的广义遗传率来看,单株总果数、单株饱果数和结果枝数的广义遗传率均小于50%,百仁重的广义遗传率为88.8%。综上所述,在选育高产花生新品种的过程中,首先应注重大籽品系的选育,其次考虑单株果数和结果枝数多的品系。且通过单株果数和结果枝数性状来选育高产花生新品种时,需考虑环境因素对产量的影响。     

Combining ability analysis and association of yield and yield components among selected cowpea lines

The study was carried out to determine combining ability and association of yield and yield components among crosses derived from seven selected cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) parents. Twenty-one hybrids were generated from diallel crosses excluding reciprocals. Hybrids along with seven parents were studied for combining ability and phenotypic correlations for seed yield and eight yield components. The result indicated that the general combining ability (gca) and specific combining ability (sca) were significant for most characters indicating the importance of both additive and non-additive genetic components. Additive gene action was important for eight characters except pod number, whereas non-additive gene action was not important for nodule number and grain yield. Parental lines IT86D-716 and IT81D-985 were found to be good general combiners for grain yield and other traits. The most promising specific combiners for yield and yield components were from crosses including IT87D-697-2 × IT86D-716, IT88D-867-11 × IT86D-716, IT93K-624 × IT87D-697-2, and IT87D-697-2 × IT92KD-405-1. Significant positive phenotypic correlations were observed between seed yield with pod length (POL), number of pods per plant (PON), and number of seeds per pod (SPD). POL, pod number per plant, SPD, and grain yield were identified as the best selection criteria that could be used in cowpea breeding programs.     

花生主要农艺性状的配合力分析

摘 要: 配合力是花生杂交育种中选择亲本的重要依据之一。以河南省生产推广应用的6个主要品种为亲本,采用Griffing方法2对花生主要农艺性状的配合力进行了研究。结果表明,总分枝数、结果枝数和出仁率主要受加性效应的影响,侧枝长和单株双仁秕果数的非加性效应作用更大些,单株双仁饱果数、单株果重、百仁重、主茎高、单株单仁秕果数和单株单仁饱果数同时受加性效应和非加性效应的影响,但主要以加性为主。豫花15号在单株果重、籽仁重、单株双仁饱果数和单株单仁秕果数等主要产量性状上具有较高的一般配合力,其与濮花8号组配的杂交组合在单株果重、籽仁重、主茎高和侧枝长上均具有较高的特殊配合力,是最具有利用价值的亲本材料。     

唐山红小豆地方品种资源数量性状的遗传变异分析

以71份唐山红小豆地方品种资源为研究对像,对资源各数量性状的平均表现、遗传变异、遗传力及预期遗传进度进行了分析。结果表明,唐山红小豆地方品种资源生育期类型单一、株型高大、产量性状较好,子粒大小中等;主茎分枝、单株荚数、单株生产力、小区产量、生育前期、百粒重、单荚粒数具有中等以上的遗传变异系数和遗传进度,对其选择有一定的效果;在选择效果明显的性状中,生育期、百粒重、主茎分枝遗传力较高,可在早代选择;小区产量遗传力中等,可在遗传基础相对稳定的较高世代选择;而株高、单株荚数、单荚粒数、单株生产力的遗传力较低,应在遗传基础纯合稳定的高世代选择。     

福建新育成花生品种主要性状表现及相关性分析

为了筛选出最适合本地推广应用的花生新品种,对福建省新育成的17个花生品种,采用随机区组排列方法进行试验。结果表明,‘泉花551’平均荚果产量4873.5 kg/hm2,居参试种首位,比对照‘泉花7号’增产15.58%,增产极显著,比对照增产极显著的品种还有‘莆花4号’、‘福花8号’、‘泉花8号’和‘闽花8号’。对各性状与产量进行相关和通径分析的结果表明：各主要农艺性状与产量存在着不同程度的相关,产量与各性状的相关系数由大到小依次为百仁重、百果重、总分枝数、侧枝长、主茎高、出仁率、单株结果数、公斤果数;各性状对产量的直接贡献从大到小依次为：总分枝数、侧枝长、主茎高、百果重、单株结果数、出仁率、公斤果数、百仁重、结果枝数。     

甘蓝型油菜二系杂交种在不同生态区遗传效应及优势表现

为了探索在不同生态条件下,二系法甘蓝型油菜杂交组合的遗传效应及杂种优势表现。本研究选用6个核背景不同的甘蓝型油菜恢复系作为亲本,根据NCⅡ遗传交配设计配置了36个杂交组合,分别在大荔和张掖两个不同生态区种植,在成熟期对其进行性状调查,采用朱军的ADE模型进行数据分析。结果表明,产量性状不同程度都受到基因的加性、显性、及其与环境互作效应的影响,其中单株角果数和千粒重主要受到加性效应的影响,单株产量和角粒数主要受到显性效应影响;在与环境互作中,单株产量、单株角果数和千粒重的各遗传效应都与环境互作达到了显著性,而角粒数的遗传性相对稳定;农艺性状在基因型与环境互作中有效分枝部位和一次有效分枝数受到环境效应影响较大;在遗传相关性中,单株产量与单株角果数、角粒数和千粒重的表现型相关系数和基因型相关系数均达到了极显著性水平;杂交组合的杂种优势总体表现出F1代优于F2代。此研究结果对二系杂交组合选配有一定的指导意义。     

Identification of Genes Controlling Pod Length in Spring Rapeseed, Brassica napus L., and their Utilization for Yield Improvement

Experiments were undertaken to determine the inheritance of pod length in a cross with spring rapesecd, Brassica napus, and to assess the value of pod length as a criterion of selection for high seed yield. Analyses of patterns of variation in F₂; and backcross populations derived from a cross between a short-pod line TB42 and long-pod line CA553 indicated that much of the variation in pod length could be attributed to two major genes interacting in a complementary manner. Short-pods were produced when cither one or both genes were homozygous for the recessive allele. Analyses of F₃ progenies of selected F₂ and inbred-backcross lines derived from the same cross supported the two-gene hypothesis but also indicated that the effects of the major genes on pod length were possibly modified by genes of minor effect. Field testing of families derived from random intermating between F₂, plants of the TB42 × CA553 cross showed that number of pods per plant varied independently of pod length, but seed weight per pod tended to increase with increasing pod length. As a result, families with the longest pods generally had significantly higher yields than those with short pods. It was concluded that yield improvement in B. napus could be achieved through introgression of long-pod genes into cultivars with an appropriate genetic background to ensure that selection for the long-pod character would be accompanied by an increase in seed weight per pod with little or no reduction in number of pods per plant.     

Estimation of additive, dominance and digenic epistatic interaction effects for certain yield characters in Vigna sesquipedalis Fruw

Inheritance of yield and yield contributing characters were investigated using generation mean analysis, utilising the means of six basic populations viz., P₁, P₂, F₁, F₂, BC₁P₁ and BC₁P₂ in four crosses of Vigna sesquipedalis. The analysis reiterated that the importance of dominance (h) gene effects for pod yield/plant and pods/plant as compared to additive (d) gene effects. However, significant and positive additive effects were noticed for pod yield/plant, pods/plant, pod weight and seed weight in different crosses. The three types of gene interactions (additive, dominance and epistasis) were significantly involved for pods/plant in cross KU 7 ×KU 8. Among the digenic epistatic interactions, both additive ×additive (i) and dominance × dominance (l) contributed more for pod yield/plant and pods/plant, however, it varied among the crosses. Populations having earliness can be developed as indicated by reducing dominance effects. Pedigree selection and heterosis breeding is suggested to exploit the fixable and non fixable components of variation respectively in Vigna sesquipedalis. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

甘蓝型杂交油菜主花序长度与植株性状的相关分析

为研究甘蓝型杂交油菜主花序长度与植株性状间的相关关系,以649 个甘蓝型杂交油菜组合进行田间试验、室内考种及相关分析。结果表明：甘蓝型杂交油菜主花序长度平均为45.67 cm,变幅范围为(28.00~66.65 cm),且长主花序材料很少;主花序长度的变异系数较小,遗传力较高,不易受坏境条件的影响,适合早代选择;主花序长度与株高(r=0.8262)、主花序角果数(r=0.7804)、单株角果数(r=0.7466)、一次分枝数(r=0.4680)、主花序角果长度(r=0.3164)、角粒数(r=0.2322)均呈极显著正相关,主花序长度与有效分枝位及千粒重呈不显著正相关,单株产量与单株角果数、主花序角果数、主花序长度、株高、一次分枝数均呈极显著正相关,主花序角果长度与角粒数、千粒重呈极显著正相关;利用相关性分析可知,选育长主花序的材料,能有效提高株高、主花序角果数、单株角果数、一次分枝数、主花序角果长度、角粒数,从而达到提高油菜产量的目的。结合当前直播或机播油菜高密植生产要求,应当选育主序长、主花 序角果数多、角果较长、单株产量高的材料。     

晋北绿豆主要农艺性状变异及对产量构成的影响

研究绿豆新品种（系）主要农艺性状的变异及其在产量构成中的作用,为绿豆高产体系的建立提供科学依据。以国家食用豆产业技术体系绿豆新品种（系）联合鉴定试验（2016-2017年）的25份绿豆新品种（系）为试验材料,对其株高、主茎节数、单株荚数等8个农艺性状进行了变异、相关及通径分析。结果表明,荚粒数变异系数最小,仅7.30%（2017年）,产量变异最广泛,变异系数为35.86%（2016年）;产量除与荚长（r=0.609）、荚粒数（r=0.679）呈极显著正相关外,与其他性状相关不显著;通径分析结果表明,对产量的直接通径系数荚长>株高>荚粒数>单株荚数>百粒重>主茎分枝数>主茎节数,并且株高、单株荚数、荚粒数、荚长和百粒重对产量的直接作用为正值,主茎节数、主茎分枝数对产量的直接作用为负值;综合分析表明,在绿豆高产育种中,荚粒数受外界环境影响较小,与产量的相关性最大,且直接与间接效应均表现优良,应作为主要研究对象。荚长和百粒重的直接效应和间接效应均为正值,也应作为主要筛选对象,同时还要兼顾其他性状的相互影响与均衡发展,充分挖掘种质资源潜力。     

豌豆主要农艺和品质性状的相关性及灰色关联度分析

采用灰色关联分析和相关分析相结合的方法,对8份豌豆品种（系）的主要农艺和品质性状进行了综合描述和客观评价。结果表明,单株产量与单荚粒数、百粒重呈正相关;产量与主要农艺性状的关联度表现为单荚粒数>单株荚数>生育日数>百粒重>株高>单株分蘖数>主茎节数>单株产量;豌豆品质性状与品质优劣的关联度表现为粗蛋白含量>粗淀粉含量>赖氨酸含量>水分含量>粗脂肪含量,这与相关分析结果一致,可以将两种方法结合起来进行品种的客观评价。     

Evaluation of Pedigree and Single Seed Descent Selection Methods for Cultivar Development in Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp)

Three crosses of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp) were used to assess the effectiveness of two selection procedures in cowpea. The selection procedures were pedigree selection (PD) and single seed descent selection (SSD). Lines developed through each procedure were yield tested and selected at F₆ and F₇ for PD and SSD, respectively. The selected lines for both procedures were compared at F₈ for grain yield per plant (YLD), number of pods per plant (NPO), and pod development period (PDP), in two locations. Lines developed through both procedures differed more in their population means than in the performance of their top 10% or highest yielding lines. There was no consistent relationship between magnitude of genetic variability and percentage of superior lines obtained from each procedure. Both procedures have been effective in producing superior genotypes for yield and number of pods. The PD method produced superior transgressive segregants in two out of the three crosses for PDP. SSD allowed a more rapid generation than PD.     

Genetic studies for seed size and grain yield traits in kabuli chickpea

Seed size, determined by 100-seed weight, is an important yield component and trade value trait in kabuli chickpea. In the present investigation, the small seeded kabuli genotype ICC 16644 was crossed with four genotypes (JGK 2, KAK 2, KRIPA and ICC 17109) and F₁, F₂ and F₃ populations were developed to study the gene action involved in seed size and other yield attributing traits. Scaling test and joint scaling test revealed the presence of epistasis for days to first flower, days to maturity, plant height, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, number of seeds per pod, biological yield per plant, grain yield per plant and 100-seed weight. Additive, additive?×?additive and dominance?×?dominance effects were found to govern days to first flower. Days to maturity and plant height were under the control of both the main as well as interaction effects. Number of seeds per pod was predominantly under the control of additive and additive?×?additive effects. For grain yield per plant, additive and dominance?×?dominance effects were significant in the cross ICC 16644?×?KAK 2, whereas, additive?×?additive effects were important in the cross ICC 16644?×?JGK 2. Additive, dominance and epistatic effects influenced seed size. The study emphasized the existence of duplicate epistasis for most of the traits. To explore both additive and non-additive gene actions for phenological traits and yield traits, selection in later generations would be more effective.