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《甘肃畜牧兽医》2014,(3):66-66
羊的日粮配合是养羊生产中一项技术性很高的工作,传统饲养方式已不能适应现代养羊业发展的需求。了解和掌握日粮配合的原理与方法,是搞好科学养羊的基础。配合日粮要因地制宜,尽可能充分、合理地利用当地牧草、农作物秸秆和农副加工产品等饲料资源;同时,要根据羊不同生理阶段的营养需要和消化特点,科学选择饲料种类,确定合理的配合比例和加工调制方法,既符合羊的生物学特点,又能节约大量饲料,降低成本,增加经济效益。昼夜供给肉羊的饲料称为日粮。根据肉羊饲养标准和饲料营养成分的价值,选用若干饲料按一定比例配合而成,并能满足肉羊维持与生产需要的日粮,称为全价日粮。全价日粮配合时,应掌握以下原则:一是饲料要搭配合理。肉羊为反刍动物,配合日粮时,应根据其生理特点,适当搭配精粗饲料。二是注意原料质量。选用优质饲草饲料,严禁饲喂有毒和霉变饲料。三是多种搭配。因地制宜,多样搭配,既提高适口性,又能达到营养互补的效果。四是日粮要相对稳定。日粮改变会影响瘤胃发酵、降低营养物质的吸收,甚至会引起消化系统疾病。 相似文献
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体外连续培养试验表明,高GI混合粗饲料日粮不须提高精料的比例就有较高的外有机物消化率(WOMD),且提高精料水平未必能提高其IVOMD。高GI混合粗饲料日粮其精料水平较低时,其丙酸产量较高且平稳,能够提高代谢能的利用效率。而低GI混合粗饲料日粮只有提高精料水平才能达到高GI混合粗饲料日粮的效果。 相似文献
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文章旨在评估不同谷物加工方式对肉鸡生长性能、组织器官发育及胰腺消化酶活性的影响。试验选择816只平均体重一致的1日龄商品肉仔鸡,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复34只鸡。试验采用2×2因子设计,即2种原料(玉米和高粱),2种加工方式(制粒和膨化),饲养试验为期3周。结果:高粱型日粮组肉鸡的末重、日增重和饲料效率显著高于玉米型日粮组(P<0.05),同时无论日粮谷物类型如何,制粒加工组肉鸡的饲料效率显著高于膨化加工组(P<0.05)。日粮谷物类型和加工方式对肉鸡饲料效率的影响具有显著交互作用(P<0.05)。高粱型日粮组肉鸡的肌胃相对重量显著高于玉米型日粮组(P<0.05),同时制粒加工方式组肉鸡的肌胃相对重量显著高于膨化加工方式(P<0.05)。高粱型日粮组肉鸡血清葡萄糖浓度显著高于玉米型日粮组(P<0.05),而膨化加工方式组肉鸡胰腺淀粉酶活性显著高于制粒组(P<0.05),但血清葡萄糖浓度显著降低(P<0.05)。结论:膨化高粱型日粮可提高肉鸡的血糖浓度,不论加工方式如何,高粱型日粮可提高1~21 d肉鸡的日增重、饲料效率及肌胃发育程度。
[关键词]加工方式|谷物|肉鸡|生长性能|器官发育|酶活 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒R株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离MG,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离MG。结果表明,人工感染48小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,96小时气囊已被感染,120小时输卵管已能分离到MG,卵巢始终分离不到MG。人工感染鸡自144小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出MG。药物治疗能在72小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需24天后逐渐降低蛋内MG分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内MG,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献