优质耐贮柚类新品种‘贡水白柚’

 ‘贡水白柚’果实无核或少核, 果肉脆嫩多汁化渣, 酸甜适度, 味浓气香, 耐贮性好, 贮藏后蜜香味更浓。树冠紧凑, 适宜密植矮化, 早果, 丰产, 适应性好, 性状稳定, 抗旱性强。     

Sniff the urban park: Unveiling odor features and landscape effect on smellscape in Guangzhou,China

Smellscape, as the sense of smell cross space, has a huge impact on human behavior, attitudes and health. However, so far it has rarely been addressed and measured in both landscape practice and theories. The present case study refined the quantitative smellwalk method to examine the spatial and temporal features of urban park smellscape. The effects of landscape patterns on smellscape were further unraveled combining with remote sensing techniques and field surveys. The results indicated that: (i) human activities and nature odors dominated the urban park odor environments, (ii) the temporal variation of the urban park smellscape was mainly driven by human activities, (iii) the different site types of urban park exerted a significant impact on the composition of the smellscape, and (iv) the landscape pattern characteristics of forest, shrubs, grass, water, buildings and roads had significant effects on different types of odors. This study poses a first systematic exploration of various odors in urban green environments and offers novel insights into the design of smellscape via unveiling spatial-temporal odor distribution patterns.     

国外伊藤杂种牡丹引进栽培示范研究

以从美国引进的16个伊藤杂种牡丹为试材,对其物候期、生物学特性及生态适应性等进行了观测研究.结果表明:伊藤杂种兼具牡丹与芍药的共同特征与优点,杂种优势明显,生长习性似芍药,花色、花形、花香似牡丹,芽、茎、根像芍药,叶光亮近革质,2～3回三出复叶,小叶具深或浅缺刻；极抗病虫,适应性强,长势旺盛,完全可以在洛阳的气候、土壤条件下正常生长；引进的所有品种均能开花,大多数品种丰花性好,花色丰富艳丽,株形饱满优美,叶丛潇洒美观,绿叶期长,具有极高的观赏价值；花期特晚且长,在洛阳为5月初至5月底,具有广阔的应用前景.     

优质大果浓香型杂交龙眼新品种‘翠香’

‘翠香’是从‘冬宝9号’ב翠玉’杂交后代中，经多年定向筛选育成的优质大果浓香型杂交龙眼新品种。果穗大，果实大小均匀，扁圆形，单果质量14.7 ~ 16.3 g，果肉不流汁（干胞），汁液多，离核易，果肉脆、化渣；可溶性固形物含量19.5% ~ 22.8%；可食率70.6% ~ 76.3%，果实香气浓郁，风味甜，综合品质特优，鲜食加工均宜。易成花，花序大。     

药用植物复配液在甜椒贮藏保鲜中的防腐效果

选择3组药用植物复配液(丁香、厚朴、苦参复配液,紫丹参、厚朴、苦参复配液和厚朴、苦参、迷迭香复配液)对甜椒进行涂被保鲜试验。结果表明:3组药用植物复配液对甜椒的贮藏保鲜均具有良好效果。其中厚朴、苦参、迷迭香复配液在甜椒贮藏中防腐保鲜效果为最佳。     

湖南省浏阳市周洛村桂花峡野生桂花资源调查

 通过对湖南省浏阳市周洛村桂花峡两次实地调查, 观察分析了桂花(Osmanthus fragransLour. ) 群落所处的自然地理条件和其群落学特点, 在此基础上对桂花居群的生物学特征, 特别是花形态变异进行观察记录。结果显示桂花峡内的桂花花色以浅黄色和乳黄色为主, 偶有橙黄色和雪白色花个体; 花有两性花和雌蕊花柱退化的单性雄花两种类型, 居群内桂花个体间的花形态变异丰富, 具有天然更新能力。     

桂花不同品种开花过程中香气活性物质的变化

以12个桂花品种盛花期的花瓣为材料,用气质联用法检测到59种挥发物,其中占主导地位的是萜烯类化合物。选择相对含量均高于0.05%的21种挥发性物质进行主成分分析,12个桂花品种可分成3类,花色为黄色或金黄色的金桂和四季桂(6个品种)为一类,花色为白色或浅黄色的银桂(3个品种)为一类,花色为橙色或红色的丹桂(3个品种)为一类。黄色桂花中以‘柳叶金桂’香气活性物质贡献率最高,达56.75%;白色桂花中以‘厚瓣银桂’贡献率最高,达51.91%;橙色桂花中以‘镉橙丹桂’贡献率最高,达58.88%。以此3个品种为代表材料,用气相色谱—嗅闻技术测定了其开放过程中香气活性物质的变化。结果表明,3个品种在铃梗期都以释放具有罗兰香/木香/果香型的物质为主。初花期到盛花期,橙色花的‘镉橙丹桂’以释放花香型物质为主,白黄色花的‘厚瓣银桂’以释放香草香型物质为主,黄色花的‘柳叶金桂’以释放紫罗兰香/木香/果香型物质为主;到了末花期,‘镉橙丹桂’与‘柳叶金桂’中都是青草香/清新香型的物质占主导地位,而‘厚瓣银桂’中依然是香草香型物质居多,这可能是银桂香气更持久的原因。     

Floral fragrances of Hemerocallis L. (daylily) evaluated by headspace solid-phase microextraction with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Traditional breeding objectives focusing on flower type and colour have resulted in the lack of floral fragrances in modern daylilies. Headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) was used to determine the contributions of floral volatiles to floral fragrances in 46 daylilies (seven species, one variety, and 38 cultivars). Thirty-seven floral volatiles were identified, including 30 terpenoids, five benzenoids, and two nitrogenous compounds. Sensory evaluation and HS-SPME-GC-MS revealed that variations in the relative emission rates and proportions of (E)-β-ocimene and linalool were mainly responsible for different fragrance patterns in Hemerocallis. The studied daylilies were grouped to six fragrance patterns: (1) intense herbaceous and pungent scent, having the highest (E)-β-ocimene emission level; (2) intense flowery and pungent scent, having medium (E)-β-ocimene and low linalool emission levels; (3) medium flowery and sweet scent, having very low (E)-β-ocimene and the highest linalool emission levels; (4) low flowery and fresh scent, having low (E)-β-ocimene and no linalool emission levels; (5) very low herbaceous and fresh scent, having very low (E)-β-ocimene and linalool emission levels; and (6) no scent, having trace amounts of floral volatiles.     

牡丹泛素延伸蛋白基因ubiquitin克隆及其作为内参基因的研究

以牡丹品种‘洛阳红’（Paeonia suffruticosa‘Luoyanghong’）为试验材料,采用RT-PCR方法获得一个牡丹泛素延伸蛋白基因Psubiquitin（PsUBI）,其cDNA开放阅读框（ORF）长度为447 bp,编码148个氨基酸,GenBank登录号为KP742952。序列比对发现,该基因与其他23种植物泛素延伸蛋白核苷酸序列的相似性均在81%以上,氨基酸序列的相似性达96%。进化分析表明,牡丹泛素延伸蛋白与棉花泛素延伸蛋白的亲缘关系最近。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,在牡丹不同组织器官中,相对于其他5个常用看家基因（GAPDH、GAPDH1、tubulin、tubulin2、18S rRNA）,ubiquitin的PCR扩增曲线的CT值最为恒定,尤其是在不同花器官中的CT值完全一致。进一步分析发现该基因在牡丹的根、茎、叶片、花、雄蕊和心皮组织中均恒定表达,特别是花器官中的表达量几乎完全一致。以ubiquitin作为内参基因探讨控制花器官发育的基因PsAG的表达情况,结果显示PsAG的表达模式与其作用位点相吻合,ubiquitin更适宜作为牡丹花器官研究的内参基因。     

Identification of Petunia hybrida cultivars that diurnally emit floral fragrances

In order to identify genetic resources for breeding fragrant petunias for use as bedding plants, volatile compounds released by day from the flowers of 40 commercial Petunia hybrida cultivars were analyzed using a solid-phase micro-extraction technique coupled with GC–MS. The three cultivars with solid deep-blue flowers that accumulate malvidin in corollas with high tissue pH were found to emit abundant iso-eugenol as the principal floral fragrance. Several other cultivars that emitted considerable amounts of methylbenzoate and/or benzylbenzoate from the flower were also identified. Association between the floral fragrance and the other floral traits such as floral anthocyanin composition and corolla-tissue pH was discussed.     

特晚熟浓香型优质大果杂交龙眼新品种‘冬香’

‘冬香’龙眼是从‘冬宝9号’ב晚香’杂交后代中选育出的特晚熟、浓香、优质、大果新品种。果实大,侧扁圆形,均匀,单果质量14.6 ~ 16.7 g,果皮青褐色。果肉乳白色,半透明,不流汁,汁液多,离核易,肉质脆,化渣;可溶固形物含量23.1% ~ 24.2%,可食率71.2% ~ 73.5%,味浓甜,香气浓郁,综合品质特优。易成花,特晚熟,福州10月中旬—11月下旬成熟,果实留树保鲜期长。     

花香挥发物的主要成分及其影响因素

花的芳香来源于植物体内合成并释放到空气中的多种挥发性香气成分。这些成分不仅是植物诱引昆虫授粉,防御食草动物侵害以及参与体内各种次生代谢的重要物质,而且也会通过人的嗅觉系统给人们带来美的享受。综述了近年来国内外对植物花香挥发成分的鉴定及影响因素等方面的研究进展;分析了花香挥发物主要由烷烃类、烯类、醇类、酮类、醛类、醚类、酯类及芳香族化合物等组成,按照生物合成途径这些香气化合物又可分为萜烯类、苯丙酸类/苯环型化合物和脂肪族化合物等三大类。花香挥发物的形成与植物基因型、发育阶段、激素以及温光等环境条件等有关。     

Overexpression of two plastidial fatty acid desaturase genes from tree peony affects the ratio of α-linolenic acid to linoleic acid in Arabidopsis seeds

Tree peony (Paeonia section Moutan DC.) has recently been recognised as an important woody oil plant of high economic value, with its seeds containing high levels of α-linolenic acids (ALA, C18:3). Here, we identified two novel FA desaturase genes from Paeonia. rockii, designated PrFAD6 and PrFAD7. Sequence, structure, and phylogenetic analyses revealed that they share high similarity with ω-6 and ω-3 plastidial FA desaturases. qRT-PCR showed that PrFAD6 and PrFAD7 were expressed in all studied tissues, particularly high in stamen, pistil, seed and leaf. Heterologous expression of PrFAD6 in Arabidopsis resulted in a 2.3–2.9% reduction in the ratio of ALA to linoleic acid (LA, C18:2), whilst overexpression of PrFAD7 increased the ALA/LA ratio by 7.0–9.9%. Moreover, the transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing PrFAD6 and PrFAD7 exhibited varied abundances of a few FA components, particularly increased C18:2 and C18:3 levels, respectively. These results support the biological role of PrFAD6 and PrFAD7 in the biosynthesis of ALA and LA in tree peony seeds. Our study is the first attempt to verify the functions of plastidial FA desaturases in tree peony and will facilitate future research and industrial utilisation of tree peony as an important oil plant.     

柑橘新品种——牛肉红朱橘的选育

牛肉红朱橘是从贵州省惠水县毛家苑乡辉岩村实生金钱橘(朱橘)中选育出来的橘类新品种。果实圆球形至扁圆形,单果重49.1 g。果皮呈鲜牛肉色,果肉呈淡红色。剥皮时橘香浓郁,留香时间长。果肉脆嫩,风味独特,酸甜适口,可溶性固形物13.0%,维生素C含量397.4 mg.L-1,全糖92.6 g.L-1,可滴定酸9.2 g.L-1。果实11月下旬至12月上旬成熟。单一栽培时单果种子数量2.4粒。适宜在贵州朱橘产区种植推广。     

‘石硖’龙眼大果型桂花味芽变系的RAPD分析鉴定

 用160个10 bp单个和混和随机引物对‘石硖’龙眼大果型桂花味芽变母树芽变枝及普通枝的基因组DNA进行RAPD扩增分析, 从中筛选出6个单引物( S71、S161、S303、S304、S341、S1212) 和4个双引物( Z7、Z59、Z60、Z70) 能在二者之间扩增出稳定的多态性片段。10个引物共扩增出99条片段, 其中多态性片段有S71-560、S161-813、Z70-800等13条, 占13.1% , 表明芽变枝果实大小及风味的变化与其遗传物质的改变密切相关。用两个特异引物S71、Z70对来源于同一芽变枝不同树龄的芽变嫁接单株及对照进行RAPD扩增, 所得特异片段与引物筛选中完全一致, 进一步表明芽变引起的遗传物质的改变可通过无性繁殖的方式稳定存在, 利用特异引物可对芽变嫁接单株的结果性状做早期预测。     

Characterization of sequence-related amplified polymorphism markers analysis of tree peony bud sports

Bud sports have been widely exploited for creating novel cultivars in vegetatively propagated plants. However, bud sports of tree peony have rarely occurred nor been applied to breeding. We used sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers to characterize two tree peony groups with bud sports. ‘Er Qiao’ and ‘Luo Yang Hong’ formed group I and are derived from Chinese cultivars, while ‘Shima-nishiki’ and ‘Taiyō’ formed group II and are related to Japanese cultivars. The DNA samples were evaluated with 25 different primer pairs. This resulted in a total of 149 different amplicons in Group I, of which 80.5% were polymorphic. Group II generated a total of 57 amplicons, of which 63.2% were polymorphic. The two groups shared 43 amplicons. The genetic similarity among the cultivars ranged from 0.33 to 0.60. The two bud sports groups were apparently separated on the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages cluster analysis tree. The results demonstrated that this marker system appeared effective in detecting molecular differences between original parents and their bud sports in tree peony. This study provides a technical base for characterizing plants with bud sports, which are valuable genetic resources for further breeding.     

沈阳市水生植物景观应用调查与评价

选取沈阳市已经在景观设计中应用的水生植物为研究对象,调查现有公园绿地内水生植物种类,运用AHP层次分析法对其进行美感评价,总结出可用于景观营造的水生植物品种与分类,得到其权重并排序,对今后沈阳市水生植物景观设计具有一定的参考价值。     

牡丹NCED 基因的克隆和表达分析

 通过RT-PCR和RACE技术克隆得到了牡丹（Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.）中编码9–顺式–环氧类胡萝卜素加双氧酶蛋白（NCED）的一条cDNA基因全长（暂命名为Ps-NCED1）。进化树分析显示Ps-NCED1的氨基酸序列与葡萄、马铃薯、胡萝卜等植物中的NCED一致性均达到了70%以上。通过与拟南芥中CCD（类胡萝卜素分解加双氧酶）家族氨基酸序列比对后发现,Ps-NCED1与调控ABA合成的At-NCED3一致性最高。对花朵中内源ABA的研究发现,ABA在花朵蕾期及衰老期含量较高,盛开期时含量较低,表明ABA对于植物的开放衰老具有促进作用。相对荧光定量PCR分析发现：在花朵完全开放的牡丹植株中,Ps-NCED1在根、茎、叶、花托、萼片、花瓣、心皮、雄蕊中的表达量以在根和雄蕊中较高,在叶和萼片中最低。在外源ABA处理的牡丹花瓣中,Ps-NCED1表达量变化与内源ABA含量变化具有相同的趋势,推测该基因是调控内源ABA含量的主要基因。     

桂花品种分类概况

分别从桂花花型变化小、形态学调查难度大、花期短、以及花色难确定等方面,分析了桂花品种分类困难的原因,并概述目前我国桂花品种分类的现状、存在问题及所取得的成果.     

Newly developed SSR markers reveal genetic diversity and geographical clustering in Paeonia suffruticosa based on flower colour

Tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.), considered by many to be the national flower of China, is famous for its ornamental, medicinal and culinary attributes. In this study, a total of 8,663 Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) were detected by means of a microsatellite search of unigene sequences identified from the de novo assembly of sequence data from different genotypes of tree peony from the Zhongyuan group. Among 100 randomly selected SSR markers, 25 were successfully amplified and showed polymorphism in 31 tree peony accessions. The number of polymorphic alleles ranged from 3 to 11 for each locus and the polymorphism information content value (PIC) ranged from 0.58 to 0.85, with a mean of 0.73, indicating a high level of discriminative capability. To analyse the genetic diversity, a phylogenetic tree was constructed, which demonstrated that tree peonies of similar flower colour were clustered together. The large number of tree peony SSR markers identified in this study will be valuable in studies in genetic diversity and linkage map construction, in gene localisation and cloning and in molecular-marker-assisted breeding in tree peony.