我国肉牛改良应该注意的几个技术环节

我国黄牛资源丰富,地方品种多达52个,具有耐粗饲、抗逆性强、肉质细嫩等优点,是全国各地肉牛生产的主体,但与国外引进肉牛品种相比还存在一些缺陷;加快黄牛肉用遗传改良,是发展我国现代肉牛产业的基础。针对国内许多地方在黄牛改良和肉牛生产过程中存在的认识误区和工作缺陷,本文在客观评价中国黄牛资源和肉牛引进品种的基础上,认为必须处理好保种选育与杂交改良的关系,不断强化技术创新和环节管理,加速肉牛遗传改良进程,并从明确改良计划和主攻目标、保护利用好本地牛种资源、做好选种选配和配合力测定工作、加强引进品种及其杂交后代选育等4个技术环节予以诠释。     

地方黄牛遗传改良方案调查分析

正我国黄牛资源丰富,地方品种多达5 2个,具有耐粗饲、抗逆性强、肉质细嫩等优点,是全国各地肉牛生产的主体,但与国外引进肉牛品种相比还存在一些缺陷。加快黄牛肉用遗传改良,是发展我国现代肉牛产业的基础。地方黄牛的改良方案应该依据牛品种类型、遗传改良现状和主产区气候条件情况,     

中国黄牛选育改良及肉牛种业发展建议

本文在全面介绍中国地方黄牛品种资源现状及其选育改良概况的基础上,并针对当前肉牛种业面临的品种选育缺乏科学规划、良种繁育体系不健全、良种良法不配套、国民食物结构有待改善以及缺乏自主培育和选育优秀种公牛的能力等问题,提出了设立育种专项、加强人才队伍与育种组织建设、推动产学研实质融合等建议,有助于我国肉牛种业发展。     

安威F1与贵州威宁黄牛的育肥效果比较试验

1目的及技术简介 威宁黄牛是贵州省的地方牛品种之一。该品种具有耐寒、耐粗饲、矫健灵活、疾病少、繁殖力强、遗传性能稳定和肉质鲜美等优良特性,是我国地方牛品种基因库的宝贵资源。引进安格斯牛对威宁黄牛进行杂交改良,使威宁黄牛的生产性能得到进一步提高,为建立威宁黄牛优质肉牛杂交改良体系打下良好基础。     

2011中国肉牛选育改良与产业发展国际研讨会

为了充分挖掘我国丰富的地方黄牛遗传资源,加快我国肉牛选育改良步伐,促进肉牛科技创新和产业发展,经教育部批准,西北农林科技大学国家肉牛改良中心将于2011年5月8—10日在陕西杨凌举办“2011中国肉牛选育改良与产业发展国际研讨会”。     

利木赞牛改良草原红牛效果的研究

草原红牛是我国自主培育而成的第一个肉乳兼用型优良品种,具有适应性强、宜放牧、耐粗饲、抗病能力强、乳脂率高、肉质好、遗传力强等突出优点,但与国外优良肉牛品种以及国内黄牛品种相比还存在着个体小、生长缓慢、产肉性能偏低等不足。为了提高草原红牛肉用生产性能,先后从国外引进优良肉牛品种丹麦红牛和利木赞牛等对草原红牛进行杂交改良。本研究就利木赞牛对草原红牛的杂交改良效果进行全面分析,为草原红牛肉牛新品系的选育与品种开发提供科学依据。     

利复和三元杂交犊牛生长发育观察初探

大连市的黄牛改良工作起源于20世纪70年代,主要采用利木赞、德国黄牛等国外肉牛及兼用品种对复州牛进行杂交改良,并取得显著成效。为了进一步提高改良效果,培育高档肉牛,我们从2002年开始,引进日本和牛,与利复一代母牛,开展三元杂交生产,取得了良好的效果,现将利复和三元杂交犊牛生长发育情况报告如下。     

南阳牛肉用选育改良及其产业化开发

南阳牛是中国五大地方良种黄牛之一,主要产于河南省南阳市唐河流域和白河流域,毛色以黄色为主。历来各级政府和科研工作者都重视南阳牛的选育改良工作。本文重点介绍了南阳牛本品种选育、杂交改良、种质资源挖掘及生物技术育种工作进展、成效,以及南阳牛产业化开发情况,对中国地方黄牛选育改良及产业开发具有一定的借鉴价值。     

肉用母牛选配技术规程

1　地方良种牛鲁西黄牛 :是我国著名的地方良种牛 ,主产于菏泽、济宁市。根据山东省肉牛品种改良区域规划 ,产区要以本品种选育为主。在重点产区 (菏泽、鄄城、郓城 ) ,培育优秀种公牛进行本品种选配 ,逐代提高鲁西黄牛的质量。非鲁西黄牛重点产区 ,引进利木赞种公牛细管冻精进行杂交改良 ,提高杂交后代的生长速度、产肉性能。级进杂交二代后 ,有计划的进行横交培育新鲁西黄牛品系或引进其它肉用公牛进行三元杂交。渤海黑牛 :也是我国著名的地方良种牛 ,产区要以本品种选育为主。在重点产区 (无棣、沾化 ) ,培育优秀种公牛进行本品种选配 ,…     

南德温牛杂交改良宣汉黄牛效果初报

宣汉黄牛属山地役用型地方品种,80年代以来用西门塔尔品种杂交改良,杂交后代具备了乳、役、肉兼用性能.2000年我们又引进世界著名肉牛品种杂交改良宣汉黄牛,其改良效果初报如下.     

Disease and destiny-mystery and mastery

When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures.     

Foot and mouth disease and bluetongue: differences and similarities

On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures.     

奶牛肢蹄病及其防治

简介常见奶牛肢蹄病种类及其症状,从日粮营养、运动场地面结构、环境卫生、饲养管理、遗传育种、疾病管理等方面简析奶牛肢蹄病的病因,并提出相应的预防措施。     

德国荷兰畜禽产品质量安全交流与启示

2018年岁末,笔者有幸赴德国和荷兰,就畜产品质量安全控制及检测技术等进行了短期交流,收获颇丰,现具体介绍如下。一、交流情况德国面积35.73万平方千米,人口约8175.2万,是欧盟人口最多的国家,农业发达,机械化程度很高。德国的畜牧业以猪、牛、羊和禽类为主,畜牧业产值占农业生产总值的61%。德国虽然农业比重很小,但却是有机农业运动最早的发起国,也是目前世界上有机农产品生产与消费大国。     

畜禽物种多样性及其保护和利用

文章就我国畜禽物种多样性资源的现状、保护和利用等方面进行阐述,为生态脆弱的喀斯特地区畜牧业可持续发展提供参考。     

马的咽气癖及其防制措施研究进展

在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。     

国内外蛋氨酸与赖氨酸市场分析与展望

近几年,世界饲用添加剂市场增长较快,预计今后将进一步增长,据世界粮农组织(FAO)首领会议的倡议,到2015年,将使世界营养不良的人口削减一半,其间,肉制品将会以每年2％的速度增长,特别是加快猪肉和禽肉增长。这将促进世界添加剂,尤其是蛋氨酸和赖氨酸需求量的增加。     

牛羊焦虫病诊断与防治技术

近几年来,辽宁省牛羊饲养业迅速发展,焦虫病的危害越来越明显,已成为危害牛羊的主要疾病之一。为了提高牛羊焦虫病的防治水平,保证我省牛羊饲养业的健康发展,笔者在参阅文献和同行们诊疗经验的基础上,结合自己的治疗实践,详细阐述了我省牛羊焦虫病近几年的流行特点和诊断防治方法。