哈密地区常用饲草料资源调查、营养价值分析及利用

哈密地区是饲草料资源相对匮乏的地区,为全面了解哈密常用饲草料资源的分布、数量、营养价值,更好地利用现有的饲草料资源,为现代畜牧业发展提供饲草料保障,哈密地区畜牧工作站于2012年向自治区科技厅申报《哈密地区常用饲草料营养价值研究与应用》项目,获得批准和资金支持,经过一年项目实施,初步掌握了哈密地区饲草料分布及营养价值基本情况,并设计了多个配方,供肉羊和奶牛养殖户参考应用。     

喀什地区人工饲草料地建设发展对策

饲草料是畜牧业发展的物质基础,饲草料的生产水平决定看畜牧业的发展质量.喀什地区是一个农业大区,也是一个农区畜牧业大区,加快人工饲草料基地建设可以缓解草畜矛质这一制约喀什区畜牧业发展的突出问题.本丈介绍了喀什地区人工饲草料地建设的现状.分析了人工饲草料地建设中存在的问题,提出了相应的发展对策.     

乌兰县饲草料种植调查

经实地调查,摸清了乌兰县饲草料种植的种类、地点和面积,了解了乌兰县在饲草料种植方面采取的主要措施,并对今后乌兰县饲草料的发展提出了建议。     

浅析乌鲁木齐牧民定居饲草料基地的建设

为了推进乌鲁木齐市牧民定居饲草料基地的建设,本文简述了乌鲁木齐市牧民定居饲草料基地建设的必要性;提出了有效推进乌鲁木齐市牧民定居饲草料基地建设的措施:加大基地建设的力度,强化牧民培训的强度,为牧民提供特殊政策;分析了鲁木齐市牧民定居饲草料基地建设的社会效益和生态效益。     

温泉县人工饲草料地建设现状存在问题及发展对策

人工饲草料地能够弥补天然草原生产的不均衡性,为家畜提供稳定的饲草料来源,扩大饲草料面积,增加饲草产量是保证草畜平衡,实现畜牧业持续健康发展的必要保障。本文浅述了温泉县人工饲草料地发展现状及建设过程中存在的问题,结合当前新形势,提出相应的对策,以促进畜牧业健康、可持续发展。     

青海农区冷季肉牛的饲草饲料管理技术研究

冷季饲草料中粗蛋白和干物质含量是肉牛生产性能提高的重要因素,而且饲草料资源的不同组合对肉牛生产性能的影响也有很大差异,通过对青海省冷季饲草料的干物质和粗蛋白的分析,并对三组试验动物喂食三种不同日粮后,对消化率、增重、料肉比的统计数据进行方差分析后,发现日粮的组分的选择、配比与肉牛的增重、料肉比的关系,并讨论了青海省农区冷季饲草料的资源状况,在饲草料的组分、配比方面给出了科学的建议。     

循化县饲草资源现状及利用发展方向

调查分析全县饲草料资源,预测发展前景,探讨饲草料资源开发利用的途径,因地制宜地提出利用建议与发展措施,提高饲草料资源利用率,对于加快全县畜牧业发展步伐具有重要的指导意义。     

吐鲁番市饲草料种植加工利用中存在的问题及对策

优质饲草料是畜牧业发展不可缺少的生产资料。科学种植与利用饲草料,可有效提高饲草料的利用率,有效地促进畜牧业发展,增加广大农牧民的收入。本文结合吐鲁番市饲草料种植与利用的发展现状与存在问题,提出今后的发展对策与建议,以其推动畜牧业的进一步发展。     

新疆巩留县饲草料生产现状浅析

饲草料是畜牧业发展的基础,本文对巩留县饲草料生产现状进行了调查,对饲草料生产中存在的问题和改进对策进行了探讨。建议在做好草原生态保护的基础上,大力发展人工种草,改进秸秆饲料利用方式,提高秸秆饲料利用率。     

青海省饲草料合理开发利用初探

简单介绍了青海省目前饲草料资源现状和农牧民对现有资源的实际利用状况,从实际出发,初步探讨了如何科学合理地依据气候地形建植人工优质饲草草地,同时探讨如何运用科学的饲草料加工利用技术加工饲料,解决青海冬春季节饲草料不足问题,大力促进青海有机畜牧业发展。     

“双创”背景下动物营养与饲料科学专业人才创新创业问题研究

近年来，我国饲料行业迅猛发展，将创新创业与饲料行业紧密结合，对实现农民持续增收、建设现代化农业有重要推动作用。动物营养与饲料科学专业向饲料行业输送了大量人才，为动物健康高效生产与饲料资源合理利用做出了杰出贡献。本文分析了动物营养与饲料科学专业人才在“大众创新，万众创业”背景下所处的环境与面临的问题，并提出了推进动物营养与饲料科学专业人才创新创业的对策，旨在为我国从饲料大国迈向饲料强国助力。 [关键词]动物营养与饲料科学|创新|创业     

Interspecific variation in wildlife responses to cattle,swine and chicken feed in the forests surrounding poultry farms

To strengthen farm biosecurity, wildlife behaviors around livestock environments require significant attention. Livestock feed is considered one of essential factors that attract wildlife to the livestock environment. We experimentally studied wildlife response to cattle, swine, and chicken concentrated feeds in the forests surrounding poultry farms. In 14 feeding sites, four feed conditions were established: without feed (control); cattle feed; chicken feed; and swine feed. Wildlife behaviors at each feed point were monitored using infrared cameras. In 3,175 videos, 10 mammals were photographed on 10 or more occasions. Wildlife more frequently appeared at the points with feed than without feed. In addition, the number of videos that captured foraging or interest behaviors was largest for swine feed, followed by chicken feed, then cattle feed. There was a large difference among wildlife in their response to livestock feeds, although each species did not have a strong preference for a specific feed. Livestock feeds invite frequent visits by high and moderate response groups, especially omnivores and carnivores with omnivorous tendencies. Therefore, to protect against such wildlife intrusion, leftover feed and feed storage must be properly managed. This study also suggests that livestock feeds may not cause intrusions by rare response group species; hence, if their intrusions occur, they may be due to factors other than livestock feed. The study situation can partly reflect actual feed-stealing situations. The results will contribute to consider the properly management to protect livestock environments from wildlife intrusions.     

试论青海养猪业的饲料保障体系建设

本文论述了青海省的饲料工业现状，饲料供需现状及饲料开发应用前景。指出，首先要注重浓缩料和预混料的研制与生产，其次要合理利用优势资源如菜籽饼粕等，此外还要加强和改善饲料工业行业管理，建立健全质量保证体系；深化体制改革；加大饲料工业科研投入；建立区域性的饲料综合市场等。     

Effects of Lactobacillus and Bacillus subtilis Mixed Fermentation Feed on Growth Performance,Slaughter Performance and Intestinal Morphology of Broilers

The purpose of this experiment was to study the usage and proportion of fermented feed in broiler feed.By adding 0,10% and 20% fermented complete formula feed to the broiler feed,and granulating normally,the influence of the usage mode of the fermented feed on the production performance,slaughter performance,intestinal tract and other related indexes of the broiler feed were studied,so as to provide reference for the application of the fermented feed in the broiler feed.180 1-day-old healthy AA male broilers were randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 replicates in each group and 10 chickens in each replicate.The three treatment groups were fed with 0,10% and 20% of the total fermented feed for 42 days.The results showed that:From the whole period (1-42 days old),the 10% fermentation feed substitution group significantly reduced the feed consumption and weight gain ratio (P<0.05),and the average daily weight gain increased (P=0.05).At 42 days old,there was no significant effect of fermented feed on slaughter performance (P>0.05).The ileal crypt depth of broilers in the 20% fermentation feed replacement group was significantly higher than that in the control group and the 10% replacement group (P<0.05).The length of duodenal villi and V/C in 20% and 10% fermentative feed substitution group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05).The results showed that the replacement of 10% fermented feed in broiler feed could reduce the ratio of feed to weight gain,increase the average daily gain,and have a certain impact on intestinal development.     

大数据下饲料行业会计改革路径分析

大数据运用于饲料企业的会计改革,可帮助企业节约成本,监控资金调度,加强对资金流动的把控,降低企业的会计风险,减少损失。大数据保证了饲料企业数据供应的及时性、高效性,满足了饲料企业会计管理各个环节对数据的基本需求,保证了饲料企业会计工作的科学性和准确性,为饲料企业长久发展创造良好的条件。本文从大数据的视角切入,以饲料行业的会计改革为研究重点,从饲料企业会计改革面临的挑战及大数据对饲料企业会计改革作用进行分析,探讨饲料行业会计改革的路径,希望对饲料企业的发展有所帮助。     

Short- and Long-Term Effects of Feed Form on Fast- and Slow-Growing Broilers

Three experiments were conduced to quantify the potential negative effect of fine particles (<0.5 mm diameter) in the feed on fast- and slow-growing broiler growth performance. In the first experiment, chickens were fed mash or pellets of 2.5 and 4 mm diameter between 15 and 35 d of age. During this period, fast-growing broiler fed pelleted feed had a 19% higher final BW, a 12% higher feed intake, and a 12% lower (improved) feed conversion ratio than those fed mash. Feed form had no significant effect on feed intake, BW gain, or final BW of slow-growing chickens. Feed conversion ratio, however, was 6% lower with pellet than mash. In the second and the third experiments, fast and slow-growing chickens weighed 1.2 kg at the beginning of the experiment. In the second experiment, the effects of a transition from pelleted feed to mash or a mixture between the 2 feed forms on the short-term feed intake and growth was investigated. After the transition from pellet to mash or the mixture, both fast- and slow-growing chickens adapted their feed intake in less than 10 min. The mixture between mash and pellets led to a 25% higher feed intake and an 18% lower feed conversion ratio for fast-growing chickens. There was no significant difference between mash and the mixture on slow-growing feed intake, but feed conversion ratio was 9% lower. In the third experiment, the effect of fine particles concentration in the feed on short-term growth response was measured. Increase in the concentration of fine particles in the feed linearly reduced feed intake and BW gain of both fast- and slow-growing chickens. However, the slope was 5 times greater for fast-growing chickens than for slow-growing chickens. These 3 experiments showed that fast-growing chickens are more sensitive to feed form than slow-growing chickens. Therefore, physical form of the feed can be a major limiting factor of performance.     

我国饲料安全现状及其法律监督

我国饲料业从20世纪70年代发展伊始,由于养殖业、畜牧业蓬勃发展,刺激了饲料加工行业的生产效能,大量需求缺口也对饲料业的生产能力提出了更高的要求。目前我国饲料业已历经了40余年的发展变革,我国饲料业正向着正规化、科技化、自动化迈进,如今的饲料加工业已成为我国主要的生产加工行业之一,饲料生产加工质量直接影响畜牧业、养殖业的发展壮大,而饲料质量安全更关乎畜牧养殖业的命脉。现行的饲料法律已不能满足新经济环境下的饲料生产监督,我国亟需在立法、监督、执行等方面开拓饲料法律监管的新局面。     

植物乳杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌混菌发酵饲料对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能和肠道结构的影响

本试验旨在研究发酵饲料在肉鸡饲料中的使用方法和添加比例。在肉鸡饲料中添加0、10%、20%发酵全价饲料,正常制粒,研究其对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能及肠道等相关指标的影响,为发酵饲料在肉鸡饲料中的应用提供参考。选择1日龄爱拔益加（AA）健康肉仔公鸡180只,随机分为3个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。3个处理组分别饲喂含发酵全价饲料0（F0组）、10%（F10组）、20%的日粮（F20组）,饲养时间42 d。结果表明,从全期来看（1~42日龄）,10%发酵饲料替代组显著降低了料重比（P<0.05）,平均日增重有增加的趋势（P=0.05）。42日龄时,发酵饲料对屠宰性能无显著影响（P>0.05）;20%发酵饲料替代组肉鸡的回肠隐窝深度显著高于对照组和10%替代组（P<0.05）;20%和10%发酵饲料替代组肉鸡十二指肠绒毛长度、十二指肠和空肠的绒毛长度/隐窝深度（V/C）显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。以上结果提示,肉鸡饲料中以10%的发酵全价饲料替代可以降低料重比,提高平均日增重,并对肠道发育有一定的影响。     

The prevalence of Salmonella enterica in Spanish feed mills and potential feed-related risk factors for contamination

A cross-sectional study was conducted in Spain to estimate the prevalence of Salmonella enterica in feed mills and to identify and evaluate potential risk factors associated with feed contamination. A total of 3844 samples were collected from 523 different feed mills using a stratified sampling method. Samples were tested for the presence of Salmonella using conventional culture methods. When the presence of Salmonella was detected, samples were further characterised using serotyping at the National Reference Laboratory (NRL) for animal feed. Additional data about the biosecurity and hygiene measures, feed material used and compound feed produced, were collected by official veterinarians using a questionnaire in situ. In 144 of the feed mills visited (28%), Salmonella were present. However, it was only isolated from 4.8% of samples taken from all of the feed mills (3.5% from feed materials, 3.2% from compound feed and 12.5% from dust of the feed mill facilities). Salmonella serovars of public health importance (Enteritidis, Typhimurium, Infantis, Virchow and Hadar), were detected in only 2.7% of feed mills and in 0.3% of the samples studied. Logistic regression was used to investigate potential feed-mill risk factors for the isolation of Salmonella. Feed mill intake pits were demonstrated to have an increased risk of culture-positive dust samples (OR=6.4; 95% CI: 2.7-15.1). The feed material used in the production of compound feed was associated with recovery of Salmonella. Of the feed material used, cotton seeds were identified as having the highest odds of contamination (OR=3.8; 95% CI: 1.7-8.3). Pelleting appears to reduce the chance of contamination because non-pelleted compound feed is 8 times more likely to be contaminated than pelleted compound feed (OR=8.2; 95% CI: 2.5-26.6). The role of the feed itself in the epidemiology of Salmonella seems to be of limited importance as compound feed is not frequently contaminated at the feed mill level. This should not preclude Salmonella control measures from including all stages of feed production and they should have a risk-based approach according to the findings of this study.     

科学合理使用饲料添加剂应注意的问题

阐述了科学合理使用饲料添加剂应注意的若干问题：选购合格的饲料添加剂;选用适合的饲料添加剂;饲料添加剂的添加量要适当;多种饲料添加剂同时使用时,要注意相互之间的拮抗作用;加入饲料添加剂要搅拌均匀;要妥善保存饲料添加剂;应注意饲料添加剂的副作用。