溴嘧草醚与胺苯磺隆混配制剂对油菜田杂草的室内防除效果筛选研究

溴嘧草醚(代号:ZJ0777)为化学结构新颖的油菜田专用除草剂,为扩大其杀草谱,提高除草活性,我们以日本看麦娘(Alopecurus aequalis)和小藜(Chenopodiumalbum)等为试验靶标进行了与胺苯磺隆(Ethametsulfuron)混用的室内防除效果配方筛选研究,并采用共毒系数法和等效线法对二者混用的联合作用进行评价。结果表明,两者混用后表现相加或增效作用,最佳配比为溴嘧草醚∶胺苯磺隆质量比为1:0.2。     

胺苯·丙酯草醚油菜田应用技术研究

胺苯.丙酯草醚杀草谱较广,对移栽油菜田中禾本科杂草和阔叶杂草具有较好的防效,药效优于各单剂丙酯草醚和胺苯磺隆,与草除.精喹EC相当;在46.5~55.8 g a.i./hm2剂量下能有效防除禾本科杂草看麦娘、日本看麦娘,及阔叶杂草繁缕、牛繁缕、碎米荠、猪殃殃、野老鹳草,防效达到80%~90%,对稻槎菜防效一般(50%左右),对巢菜、草、棒头草和早熟禾基本无效;速效性一般,持效期在90 d以上;最佳施药时期为杂草1~3叶期的苗后早期;推荐使用剂量为46.5~55.8 g a.i./hm2,剂量在93 g a.i./hm2内对油菜安全。     

油菜除草剂胺苯磺隆的应用前景探讨

本文对胺苯磺隆用于油菜田的除草效果和对后茬作物的安全性进行了评述，并根据对后茬作物的安全性和该药剂在土壤中的降解特点提出了该药剂在推广中应注意的问题。     

胺苯磺隆和灭草喹对水稻及玉米幼苗生长的影响

本文应用生物测定的方法研究胺苯碘隆和灭草喹对水稻、玉米幼苗生长影响。结果表明，①胺苯磺隆抑制水稻幼苗生长的临界浓度为１０＾－２ＰＰｍ，随着药剂浓度升高，抑制作用增大。不同水稻品种对胺苯磺隆的敏感性不同。籼、糯、粳稻的ＥＣ５０值分别为１．３１８、５．４８４和７５．４３１ｐｐｍ。②当胺苯磺隆的深度在１０＾－２ｐｐｍ以下时，对幼苗的生长具促进作用。     

油菜田新型除草剂丙酯草醚的应用技术

丙酯草醚（ZJ0273）是具有我国自主知识产权的新型除草剂，为明确其应用前景，采用室外盆栽法和温室盆栽法，以油菜田发生的主要杂草为试材，对新型除草剂10％丙酯草醚EC杀草谱、施药适期和作用速度等特性进行了研究，并对作物的安全性和除草效果进行了总结和分析。结果发现，该药剂在60g ai／hm^2剂量下，对看麦娘、日本看麦娘、牛繁缕、小藜、茼草、硬草、早熟禾、棒头草、刺果毛茛和荠菜等10种杂草的防效在80％以上；该药剂属于缓效型除草剂，杂草1～3叶期为施药适期；丙酯草醚对甘蓝型双低油菜品种的安全剂量是推荐用量的2倍；不同地区田间使用丙酯草醚防除油菜田杂草应在杂草1～3叶期施药，推荐剂量为45～60g ai／hm^2，总体除草效果为72.3％～97.6％．     

25%胺苯磺隆WP防除油菜田杂草的效果

为了阐明新一代除草剂25％胺苯磺隆WP对看麦娘、牛繁缕、碎米荠的防治效果，进行了油菜田间防效试验。施用25％胺苯磺隆WP有效成分15—37．5g。结果表明，其防除看麦娘、牛繁缕、碎米荠的效果很好、是一种安全、高效的油菜田除草剂。     

吡草醚·苯磺隆防除麦田杂草试验

2％吡草醚悬浮剂是日本农药株式会社生产的麦田除草剂新品种。据介绍，2％吡草醚悬浮剂与10％苯磺隆WP混用．对麦田内多种双子叶杂草具有较好的防除效果。为明确2种药剂与其他除草剂混用后对作物的安全性及其综合除草效果．进行了麦田杂草田间防除试验，结果报道如下：     

胺苯磺隆对后茬水稻安全性的测定

经测定胺苯磺隆在油菜田施用后,用药量在４５ｇ／ｈｍ＾２以下对后茬移栽水稻的生长无不良影响;在２２．５ｇ／ｈｍ＾２以下对后茬水稻幼苗生长亦无不良影响;但在３０ｇ／ｈｍ＾２以上对粳稻幼苗的生长产生明显的抑制作用;三种水稻对胺苯磺隆的敏感性依 粳稻〉杂交稻〉籼稻。     

胺苯磺隆在冬油菜田除草中的药害问题及对策

胺苯磺隆为美国杜邦公司1985年开发成功的油菜田专用除草剂．由于其存在一定缺陷,在美国未能商品化。我国于1993年首次由辽宁省沈阳北方联合化工厂取得25％可湿性粉剂登记．随后有多家企业登记20％、10％、5％可湿性粉剂。     

新型除草剂丙酯草醚的作用机理

采用常规的室内生测和生化方法,开展新型除草剂丙酯草醚的作用机理研究.试验结果表明:同时添加5mg/L浓度的三种支链氨基酸即缬氨酸、亮氨酸和异亮氨酸能完全恢复丙酯草醚对高粱茎的生长抑制作用,而添加相同浓度的单一支链氨基酸只能部分消除其抑制作用.离体条件下,丙酯草醚IC50＞100mg/L,而双草醚IC50值为10-5～10-4mg/L,说明丙酯草醚对离体ALS没有抑制作用;活体条件下,丙酯草醚对ALS有一定的抑制作用,且随着处理时间的延长,酶活力降低,对ALS的抑制作用增加.因此,丙酯草醚使植物体内必需的支链氨基酸合成受阻,仍然属于ALS抑制剂,但其作用方式不同于磺酰脲类和嘧啶水杨酸类除草剂等典型的ALS抑制剂,它类似于前体农药,即在植物体内通过代谢活化来发挥作用.     

The metabolism of a novel herbicide ZJ0273 in oilseed rape and crickweed

Experiments were conducted to investigate the metabolism of a novel herbicide ZJ0273 in the seedlings of the susceptible crickweed and tolerant oilseed rape. Six metabolites of ZJ0273 were identified in crickweed seedlings, compared to 8 metabolites in oilseed rape. Among these metabolites, the metabolite M7, with the chemical name of 2-(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yloxy) benzoic acid, was found to be the most herbicidally effective molecule with significant inhibition to acetolactate synthase. The differences in the amount and rate of ZJ0273 transformation to M7, and its metabolic detoxification, contributed to the primary mechanism of herbicidal selectivity of ZJ0273.     

Differential morphological and physiological responses of two oilseed Brassica species to a new herbicide ZJ0273 used in rapeseed fields

Weeds are considered as a major threat to the production of oilseed Brassica crops. The use of herbicides that are safe for crops and effective in controlling weeds is crucial for the agronomists and farmers. Propyl 4-(2-(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yloxy)benzylamino)benzoate (ZJ0273), a derivative of 2-pyrimidinyloxy-N-aryl benzoate, is a new herbicide used in the rapeseed field. To evaluate the tolerance of Brassica species against this new herbicide, two cultivars of rapeseed Brassica napus cv. ZS 758 and Brassica rapa cv. Xiaoyoucai were tested by a foliar spray of ZJ0273 at the rate of 100, 500 and 1000 mg/L and a currently used ALS (acetolactate synthase)-inhibiting herbicide bispyribac-sodium (BS) at the rate of 100 mg/L. The results showed that both the cultivars of Brassica were less affected by ZJ0273 as compared to BS. Increasing level of ZJ0273 herbicide from 100 to 1000 mg/L increased the stress for the plants of both the cultivars as indicated by enhanced accumulation of malondialdehyde content. The activities of ALS and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and peroxidase), soluble protein and sugar contents, photosynthetic system (SPAD value, photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll fluorescence) as well as the agronomic characters also declined consistently with each successive increase in ZJ0273 concentration. In general, the plants treated with 100 mg/L ZJ0273 recovered from the herbicide stress after 28 days. B. napus showed more tolerance than B. rapa to the new herbicide. Nevertheless, BS application at 100 mg/L did not allow the plants of both the cultivars to recover from the herbicidal stress.     

Spatial and temporal changes in acetolactate synthase activity as affected by new herbicide ZJ0273 in rapeseed, barley and water chickweed

Propyl 4-(2-(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yloxy)benzylamino)benzoate (ZJ0273), derived from a precursor compound pesticide (a derivative of 2-pyrimidinyloxy-N-aryl benzoate), is a novel herbicide used in the rapeseed field. This paper studied the differential tolerance or susceptibility of four plant species viz. Brassica napus L. (rapeseed), Hordeum vulgare L. (barley), Malachium aquaticum (L.) Fries (water chickweed), and Alopecurus aequalis Sobol. (equal alopecurus), to various concentrations of ZJ0273, based on the rate of inhibition of acetolactate synthase (ALS) activity. Brassica napus was observed as the most tolerant among four species in which ALS activity in vivo was hardly affected by ZJ0273 at 100 mg/L (recommended dose in the rapeseed field). In contrast, H. vulgare was found to be more susceptible which was reflected in the relative decline of ALS activity and lower biomass production even under at a lower rate of 10 mg/L of ZJ0273. The two weed species exhibited moderate susceptibility as compared to H. vulgare. The present study confirmed that ZJ0273 at 100 mg/L is the optimal dose of herbicide for rapeseed field. Seedling stage was critical in determining the tolerance of crops and susceptibility of weeds which indicated that over seven leaf stage was much safer for rapeseed whereas the two leaf stage juvenile water chickweed was more susceptible to the same rate of ZJ0273. Spatial and temporal variations in ALS activity as affected by 100 mg/L ZJ0273 in water chickweed, rapeseed and barley also suggested that the synchronized sampling based on the tissue position and seedling stage was necessary to examine precisely, the special difference in tolerance or susceptibility to ALS-inhibiting herbicide. The uppermost younger leaf seemed to be the most appropriate sample for evaluation. Furthermore, the variant tendency of ALS activity from different parts of plants between monocotyledons and dicotyledons to ZJ0273 treatments showed differential response which revealed some possible mechanism related to the altered absorption and translocation of the herbicide.     

莠去津和异丙草胺混配剂配方筛选试验

莠去津是防除玉米田一年生禾本科杂草和阔叶杂草的除草剂，但是在土壤中残效期较长。而异丙草胺为防除玉米田一年生禾本科杂草的酰胺类除草剂，残效期较短。为了寻求在玉米田施用的一种高效、安全、广谱、价格适宜的一次性除草剂，于2000～2002年进行了异丙草胺与莠去津混配试验，明确它们之间的混配效应，并筛选出最佳配方。     

新型喹啉类化合物ZJ5337的生物活性

ZJ5337(碳酸苄酯-2,3,8-三甲基-6-七氟异丙基-4-喹啉酯)是浙江省化工研究院有限公司创制的一种新型喹啉类杀菌剂。测定了ZJ5337在离体条件下对稻瘟病菌的抑菌效果以及在温室及田间对水稻稻瘟病和黄瓜白粉病的防治效果。在离体条件下,10~20 mg/L的ZJ5337对稻瘟病菌附着孢的形成有显著抑制作用。温室盆栽试验结果表明:在50~100 mg/L剂量下,ZJ5337对水稻稻瘟病和黄瓜白粉病的防效均在80%以上,持效期为15 d左右;其在黄瓜植株根部和叶片之间以及叶片与叶片之间内吸输导性差;叶面喷雾1~3 h内降雨能明显降低药剂防效,但4 h后降雨对其防效无显著影响。田间试验结果表明,采用2.5%的ZJ5337乳油在有效成分质量浓度为300~500 mg/L下,对水稻稻瘟病的防效为66%~91%,且对水稻安全。     

新型杀菌化合物吡氟菌酯(ZJ2211)的生物活性及田间防效

吡氟菌酯(ZJ2211),化学名称为:3-氟甲氧基-2-[2-(3,5,6-三氯吡啶基-2-氧基甲基)-苯基]-丙烯酸甲酯,是国家南方农药创制中心浙江基地新研发的具有自主知识产权的甲氧基丙烯酸酯类化合物,已经获得国家发明专利(公开号为CN1907024).     

芸苔素内酯保护玉米免受胺苯磺隆伤害的作用及其机理

采用土培法和田间小区试验法测定了芸苔素内酯(BR)对玉米的保护作用,并对其作用机理进行了初步研究。结果表明:BR 的浸种浓度在0.01～0.04mg·L~(-1)范围内,能不同程度地缓解16.0μg·kg~(-1)胺苯磺隆对玉米的药害,BR 浓度为0.02mg·L~(-1)时,解毒效果最好。用0.02mg·L~(-1)的 BR 浸种,能不同程度地缓解2.0～32.0μg·kg~(-1)的胺苯磺隆对玉米生长的抑制,但当胺苯磺隆浓度增加到64.0μg·kg~(-1)时,BR 浸种无解毒作用;按15g ai/hm~2的剂量施用胺苯磺隆对玉米的减产率达11.8％,用BR 0.02、0.04 mg·L~(-1)浸种处理则减产率分别为0.2％和0.1％;BR 提高胺苯磺隆处理的玉米幼苗中 ALS 活性可能是其保护玉米免受胺苯磺隆伤害的机理之一。