低蛋白质日粮在仔猪营养中的应用

仔猪断奶是目前养猪业生产中一个非常重要的环节,是制约养猪生产效益的重要因素,随着养猪生产水平的提高,仔猪的断奶日龄逐渐提早。但由于仔猪消化系统尚未发育成熟,因此能否配合出既经济又能减轻\"早期断奶腹泻综合症\"的日粮,使仔猪能顺利完成从母乳到断奶日粮的过渡,同时又能维持最大的生长速度。通过使用价格较低的工业氨基酸,降低蛋白原料的用量来满足动物氨基酸需求,即在生产中配制低蛋白质日粮成为一种现实的可能。目前,低蛋白质日粮在养猪业中的研究已相对成熟,但在实际应用中也需要注意一些相关的问题。     

仔猪日粮推荐配方

防猪冬痢的四个处方方一：病初体温升高，肌注安痛定、安及近等，成年猪１０～２０ml。方二：病猪腹胀而大便不通，可用穿心莲和镇痛宁注射液混合后肌肉注射，剂量分别为成年猪１０～２０ml，小猪５～１０ml一日二次，方三：大便拉通后可用０．５％痢菌净注射液，剂量为２．５ml／kg每公斤体重，猪病灵注射液１～２ml／１０kg，一日２次。方四：猪苓、茯苓、苍术、陈皮各１５g，厚朴９g，甘草３g，研粉拌饲料冬春须防仔猪胃肠炎症状：仔猪突然发病，呕吐，水样腹泻，粪便黄色、绿色或白色，常带有未消化的凝乳块，口渴，明显脱水，体重迅速…     

科宝中草药草粉在仔猪低能量日粮中的应用效果

由于目前饲料价格的上涨,猪肉价格的低下,使养猪生产者难以为继.为寻求出路,除改善经营管理外,对占养猪业总成本7、8成的饲料进行优化,以求降低生产成本,增加经济效益.考虑到仔猪饲料价格特别高昂,而仔猪培育又是养猪生产的重要环节,只有养好仔猪才会使肥育期的猪只生长发育快,饲料报酬高,经济效益好.本试验以仔猪为研究对象,从降低饲料成本出发,寻找优质高效低成本的饲料组合.     

饲用酸化剂在断奶仔猪日粮中的应用研究进展

目前,在养猪生产中普遍存在一个难题--仔猪断奶后消化机能紊乱,导致生长缓慢、腹泻甚至死亡。引起断奶后仔猪消化紊乱的原因之一是仔猪的消化系统发育尚未完善,消化酶和胃酸分泌不能满足对饲料中营养物质消化吸收的要求,采食的饲料仅一部分被消化,其余部分成为消化系统的负担,而且还为病原菌提供了适宜的繁殖环境,致使饲料蛋白消化率低下,有害菌大量滋生,从而引起仔猪腹泻,影响仔猪的生长发育。     

仔猪低蛋白日粮中添加赖、蛋、苏氨酸适宜量的试验探讨

赖、蛋、苏三种仔猪必需氨基酸以不同用量添加于断奶仔猪的低蛋白日粮中的试验表明:赖、蛋、苏氨基酸对仔猪的日增重、饲料报酬、经济效益等方面有较大影响,同时,赖、蛋、苏氨基酸的添加量要适宜,在日粮粗蛋白小于15%的条件下,赖、蛋、苏氨基酸的适宜添加量分别为0.2%～0.3%、0.1%～0.2%、0.04%～0.06%。     

低蛋白日粮水平对断乳仔猪生长发育效果的观察试验

选用20头断乳体重7kg左右的长大二元杂交仔猪,随机分成2组。一组饲喂高蛋白日粮189％,一组饲喂低蛋白日粮169％,试验期30d。试验结果表明,两组平均日增重、期末体重无显著差异,同时低蛋白日粮组断乳仔猪腹泻率明显减少。     

春季仔猪的日粮配方建议

由于仔猪的饲养是猪全养殖期饲养的基础,饲养效果的好坏直接影响到全养殖期猪的生长速度和饲料转化率,进而影响到饲养场(户)的养殖效益和经济效益,因而了解该阶段仔猪的生理特点进行合理饲养就显的尤为重要。本文就适度规模条件下春季补栏仔猪各阶段饲养中的日粮调配要点作一探     

断奶仔猪日粮中添加脂肪的误区

<正>自50年代起,人们就在断奶仔猪日粮中添加脂肪以提高能量,但越来越多的证据表明,断奶后两周内,仔猪日粮添加脂肪不但无益反而可能有害。李德发研究表明,早期断奶20 d后11 d内仔猪日粮中添加豆油、椰子油等不同类型脂肪都没有提高仔猪日增重,有的组日增重反而下降;但在断奶后11~35 d内,添加豆油、椰子油均使日增重、耗料量明显上升,这说明只有在断奶两周后的仔猪日粮中添加脂肪才有效果。造成这种现象的主要原因是仔猪肠道脂肪酶的分泌不足。     

Early weaning of winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus Walbaum) larvae on a commercial microencapsulated diet

Like most small marine fish larvae, the stomachs of winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus are undeveloped at first feeding and have relatively reduced digestive capacity. This work was undertaken to test whether larvae at the onset of stomach differentiation (larval size about 5.5 mm) could be early weaned onto a commercial microencapsulated diet. We assessed the effect of early weaning by first comparing growth performance (standard length, total protein content and age at metamorphosis) of larvae fed enriched live prey from first feeding to a size of 5.5 mm and then reared on three different feeding regimes until metamorphosis: (1) live prey (LP) as a control group; (2) mixed feeding of live prey and microencapsulated diet (LP‐ME); (3) exclusively microencapsulated diet (ME) after fast weaning over 4 days (to a larval size of 6.2 mm). No differences were observed between larval development in the two first groups, which began metamorphosis at 40 days old. The larvae of the third group showed significantly slower growth that resulted in a delay of 4 days in the onset of metamorphosis. Differences in live prey availability between the treatments and the short transition period to allow the larvae to adapt to the new diet were identified as possible contributing factors to the slower growth and to the delay in metamorphosis of early weaned larvae. In a second experiment, the transitional weaning period was increased until the larvae were 6.6 mm in length. Weaning at that size resulted in no slowing of growth or delay in metamorphosis, suggesting that the feeding schedule was adequate.     

Effect of Dietary Protein Concentration on Growth and Processing Yield of Channel Catfish,Ictalurus punctatus Raised from Advanced Fingerlings to Large Marketable Size

Abstract

This study evaluated the effects of dietary protein concentration (26, 28, and 32%) and an all-plant protein diet (28% protein) on growth, feed efficiency, processing yield, and body composition of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus raised from advanced fingerlings to large marketable size (about 800 to 900 g/fish) for two growing seasons. Fingerling channel catfish (average weight = 56 g/fish) were stocked into twenty 0.04-ha ponds at a density of 18,525 fish/ha. Fish were fed once daily to satiation during the two growing seasons and fed according to recommended winter feeding schedules during the winter. There were no differences in diet consumption, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, survival, processing yields (carcass, shank fillet, and nugget), or fillet composition (moisture, protein, fat, and ash) among fish fed the various diets. These results indicate that a 26% protein diet containing plant and animal proteins or a 28% all-plant protein diet is adequate for channel catfish raised in ponds from advanced fingerlings to large marketable size without adversely affecting weight gain, feed efficiency, processing yield, or body composition. Large marketable-size channel catfish appear to use diets less efficiently but give higher processing yields compared to small marketable-size fish.     

青鱼饲料最适能量蛋白比的研究

用酪蛋白和明胶作为饲料蛋白源,配以豆油、糊精和纤维素粉及适量的维生素和矿物混合剂组成精制试验饲料。将其调制成五个蛋白水平,每个蛋白水平分别包括五个能量级,以青鱼(Mylopharyngodon piceus)鱼种为试验对象,经过60天的喂养试验,用净增率、蛋白质效率(PER)和饲料系数等作为评定指标。结果表明：青鱼鱼种配合饲料中的蛋白质含量为35～40％;饲料能量蛋白比(即C／P值)为9．1千卡／克蛋白;每公斤饲料的总能量为3185～3640千卡是最为适宜的。上述这些数据是制定应用饲料配方的主要理论依据。试验还发现,青鱼鱼种对糊精之类的碳水化合物具有较大的利用能力;试验证明：可利用的碳水化合物具有较好的节约饲料蛋白的作用。     

Weaning of juvenile pikeperch, Stizostedion lucioperca L., and perch, Perca fluviatilis L., to formulated feed

Weaning success of pond‐cultured pikeperch and wild‐caught perch (mean length 51 and 48 mm respectively) was evaluated using different weaning techniques and different formulated feeds. Juveniles that were fed formulated feed grew as well as or better than juveniles that were weaned successively using zooplankton or yolk. Four different formulated feeds (agglomerated marine larvae feed, marine larvae feed, trout feed and a semi‐moist feed) were evaluated regarding specific growth rate (SGR), condition factor and a subjective stomach fullness estimate. The agglomerated marine larvae feed gave significantly better weaning performance than the other feeds regarding all parameters (SGR = 7.3% day^?1 and 3.4% day^?1 for pikeperch and perch respectively).     

日本沼虾饲料最适蛋白质、脂肪含量及能量蛋白比的研究

本文研究了日本沼虾(Macrobrachium nipponense)饲料的最适蛋白质含量、脂肪含量及能量蛋白比。试验用饲料由酪蛋白、糊精、混合油、复合维生素和无机盐混合物等组成。本试验用的日本沼虾体重为 1.77±0.23克,试验期间水温为 21—25℃。用增重率、饲料系数和肝胰脏α-淀粉酶活力等作为评价指标。试验结果表明:日本沼虾配合饲料适宜蛋白质含量为 36.8—42.27％,适宜脂肪含量为6—12％。当配合饲料的蛋内质含量在适宜范围内,饲料能量蛋白比(C/P)为8千卡/克蛋白左右,每公斤配合饲料的总能量为3006—3561千卡是最为适宜的。当饲料总能量在一定范围内,随着饲料碳水化合物含量的增加,肝胰脏α-淀粉酶活力增强。     

黄颡鱼幼鱼对饲料中蛋白质和能量需要量的研究

以鱼粉和豆粕为蛋白源、大豆油为脂质源配制成3个蛋白质水平(35%、40%和45%)×2个能量水平(1.5×104J/g和1.6×104J/g)的6种试验饲料,投喂平均体重为(4.7±0.6)g的黄颡鱼,进行蛋白质和能量需要量的研究。经62 d饲养表明:黄颡鱼幼鱼配合饲料中的适宜蛋白质含量为41.47%~43.38%,最佳能量蛋白比为40.17。在6组试验饲料中,当蛋白质含量为40.38%,能量为1.622×104J/g时,体重增长率,蛋白质效率,肥满度均为最大值,分别为132.93%、1.14和1.76,饲料系数最低为2.17。