方格蔟使用的误区及对策

方格蔟是目前最为理想的上蔟工具,能显著提高蚕茧质量。姜堰市目前拥有方格蔟160多万片,普及率达到90%以上,对全市蚕茧质量的提高起着关键作用。但2005年全市平均上车茧率仅为85·3%。调查发现,方格蔟的使用方法不当是影响蚕茧质量的一个重要原因。1方格蔟使用的误区1·1方格蔟     

方格蔟使用技术要点

蚕的上蔟，是养蚕的最后一道工序。上蔟技术是否合理，对提高蚕茧产量和质量十分关键，生产上常被蚕农忽视。近年来，姜堰市一方面大力推广应用方格蔟，另一方面不断强化和规范方格蔟使用技术。动员蚕农把好上蔟技术关，蚕茧质量有了显著提高。现将我市方格蔟使用技术要点介绍如下。     

全面提高方格蔟使用技术

蚕的上蔟．是养蚕的最后一道工序，上蔟技术是否合理．对提高蚕茧产量和质量十分关键，生产上常被蚕农所忽视。近年来，我市一方面大力推广应用方格蔟．坚决淘汰草笼和塑料折蔟，另一方面不断强化和规范方格蔟使用技术，动员蚕农把好上蔟技术关，蚕茧质量得到了显著提高。现将我市方格蔟使用技术要点介绍如下。     

方格蔟正确使用方法

方格蔟是目前最为理想的上蔟工具，能显著提高蚕茧质量。金寨县桃岭乡目前拥有方格蔟19多万片，普及率稳定在57％以上。虽然采用了方格蔟，但方格蔟茧的质量并不理想，2006年全乡平均上车茧率仅为80．3％。调查发现，方格蔟的使用技术不当是影响蚕茧质量的—个重要原因。     

推广应用方格蔟 蚕茧优质增效益

蚕桑历来是我区农业经济中的骨干项目,经济效益相对较好,具有高产、优质、高效和可持续发展的显著特点,但长期以来都是"以多取胜、以量取胜",在生产上以追求数量增长为主要特征.2000年我区发种14.8万张、产茧451.5万公斤,创产值5,636万元,但蚕茧质量一直困绕我区蚕业发展,上茧率低、解舒、出丝率、色泽均较差,茧丝长短.在市场经济条件下,要提高蚕业在市场中的竞争力,必须提高蚕茧质量.当然影响蚕茧质量的原因是多方面的,蔟具落后,评茧现行办法不合理是其原因之一,现行多数为蜈蚣蔟、草龙,并在蔟中管理力度不够,基本没有或很少采用通风排湿等形式提高茧质的措施,造成蚕茧质量较差.目前应用推广方格蔟是提高蚕茧质量的措施之一,今年我区推广方格蔟,蚕茧质量有所改善,积累了一定的经验,取得了一定经济效益.     

方格蔟上蔟管理技巧

提高蚕茧质量是提高茧丝绸行业整体效益的重要基础,蚕业界通过改良桑蚕品种,推广科学养蚕技术,使蚕茧质量得到不断提高.本文就如何通过全面推广规范化方格蔟上蔟技术,加强蔟中管理,促进蚕茧质量的提高作一些探讨.     

纸板方格蔟自动上蔟技术

蚕茧质量提高的一个重要技术措施 ,就是改良蔟具和有利于加强蔟中管护。通过科学实验 ,生产实践 ,纸板方格蔟是提高蚕茧质量的一种优良蔟具 ,应该在蚕茧生产中广泛地推广应用。我县于 1 998年 ,1 999年开始试点推广 ,又于 2 0 0 0年～ 2 0 0 2年在洗泽乡、高灯镇、玉龙镇建设蚕业产业化基地进一步推广 ,蚕农、干部易于接受 ,受到了欢迎 ,效果比较显著。1　纸板方格蔟上蔟前的处理1 1　新纸板方格蔟处理首先清除异味 (胶水味 ) ,可采用太阳光曝晒 2～ 3天 ;喷洒桑叶水 ;桑叶覆盖 ;柏垭熏烟等方法。再绑扎好双联方格蔟片 ,就是将两个单片的纸…     

使用纸板方格蔟的技术要点

在目前普遍使用的各种蚕蔟中 ,以方格蔟为最优。使用纸板方格蔟上蔟 ,黄斑、柴印、双宫等下脚茧比例大幅下降 ,蚕茧色泽洁白 ,上车率、解舒率大幅提高。我区于 1 999年春蚕开始在蔺市、山窝、南沱、义和四个乡镇搞纸板方格蔟试点 ,当年正秋开始在蚕桑重点乡镇逐步推广使用 ,至 2 0 0 0年底我区已推广方格蔟 1 0 0万片 ,预计 2 0 0 1年可推广 80万片 ,随着蚕茧质量的提高 ,蚕农养蚕的经济效益也增加了 ,使用方格蔟上蔟的蚕茧价格比其他蔟具每公斤鲜茧高 1 .0 0～ 1 .50元 ,因此 ,蚕农也特别乐意接受方格蔟。在推广过程中 ,方格蔟的使用技术的…     

方格蔟使用技术要点

蚕的上蔟,是养蚕的最后一道工序,上蔟技术是否合理,对提高蚕茧产量和质量十分关键.近年来我市一方面大力推广应用方格蔟,另一方面不断强化和规范方格蔟使用技术,动员蚕农把好上蔟技术关,蚕种质量得到了显著提高.     

方格蔟使用的误区及对策

姜堰市到茧站出售的方格蔟茧2005年全市平均上车茧率仅为85.3%.调查发现,方格蔟的使用技术不当是影响蚕茧质量的一个重要原因.     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.