关中地区规模化奶山羊养殖场机器挤奶现状及建议

对陕西省关中地区31个不同规模的奶山羊养殖场使用机器挤奶的相关数据及资料进行分析。结果表明,不同奶山羊养殖场规模、挤奶设备、挤奶时间、质检方式和羊奶售价等方面均存在差异;机器挤奶流程、挤奶次数和环境卫生等影响到奶山羊乳房健康和羊奶品质。应加强对养殖场挤奶机器的管理,规范机器挤奶技术流程,提高奶山羊养殖场生产效益。     

中国奶业的数字化与挤奶机器人的现在和未来

近年来,全自动挤奶机器人逐渐进入全球奶业的视野,该设备服务于牧场最核心的挤奶环节,带给奶牛场的改变并不只是简单的人工替代,而是养殖理念的根本转变。挤奶机器人在劳动效率提升、精细化管理和行业可持续发展等方面都在发挥正向作用。本文综述了挤奶机器人在全球奶业领域的应用情况及进入中国后为国内奶牛养殖提供本土定制化服务的相关案例和使用效果,并基于此,对挤奶机器人未来在奶业数字化发展和智慧养殖领域的发展前景进行了展望。     

荷斯坦牛泌乳速度指标影响因素分析

【目的】 探究荷斯坦牛泌乳速度相关指标的群体规律及非遗传因素对其的影响。【方法】 收集华东地区某规模化牧场8 757头泌乳牛的906 748条挤奶记录,定义了班次产奶量、前两分钟产奶量、挤奶时间、前两分钟产奶量占比、平均流速和最高流速6个泌乳速度指标,并对其进行了描述性统计,计算了各指标间的Pearson相关系数,采用固定模型分析了测定季节、胎次、泌乳阶段、初产月龄和挤奶班次对泌乳速度相关指标的影响。【结果】 6个泌乳速度指标中,除前两分钟产奶量占比之外,班次产奶量、前两分钟产奶量、挤奶时间、平均流速和最高流速均基本呈对称分布,各个指标的变异较大,变异系数在30%左右;各指标两两之间存在极显著相关关系,相关系数在-0.84~0.89之间,泌乳速度与产奶量呈中等或强相关,与挤奶时间呈弱负相关,与前两分钟产奶量占比呈弱正相关。测定季节、胎次、泌乳阶段、初产月龄和挤奶班次对泌乳速度指标均有极显著影响（P<0.01）;不同季节中,冬季的班次产奶量和挤奶时间最大,夏季的平均流速最快,而秋季的最高流速最快;不同泌乳阶段中,在第Ⅱ泌乳阶段（45~99 d）,奶牛的班次产奶量、挤奶时间、平均流速和最高流速均最大;不同班次中,在夜间班次（00：00—06：00）,奶牛的班次产奶量、挤奶时间、平均流速和最高流速均为最大。【结论】 奶牛泌乳速度指标存在较大变异,对季节、胎次等环境和生理因素较为敏感,可为奶牛产奶性能的选育提供信息。     

挤奶机器人对奶牛福利改善的研究

作为现代牧场生产的关键智能设备,挤奶机器人显著提高了牧场的管理效率和经济效益,还实现了传统人力驱动挤奶方式向奶牛自愿式挤奶模式的转变,使得奶牛更加自主自在,从而带来了奶牛福利革新。挤奶机器人通过模拟犊牛自然哺乳的节奏和力度,提升了牛奶产量和质量,有效降低了乳腺炎等疾病的发生率,实现了奶牛更加健康、长寿。本文综合现有研究和案例,基于动物福利的五个基本原则,综述了挤奶机器人给奶牛福利带来的直接和间接改善,探讨了挤奶机器人对“人-牛”协调关系福利提升的影响,进一步展望了挤奶机器人在改善奶牛健康和牧场管理水平上的发展方向。     

挤奶频率对奶牛生产性能的影响

文章介绍了挤奶频率对奶牛泌乳性能、繁殖性能、健康与福利等方面的影响。     

挤奶机器人助力奶牛场可持续发展的关键因素分析

本文探讨了挤奶机器人对奶牛场可持续发展起到的重要作用。通过分析挤奶机器人对牛群健康、生产效率、定制化挤奶模式以及对养殖人员工作福利的影响,揭示了其在推动奶牛场长远可持续发展方面的重要性。     

挤奶机器人助力奶牛场可持续发展的关键因素分析

本文探讨了挤奶机器人对奶牛场可持续发展起到的重要作用。通过分析挤奶机器人对牛群健康、生产效率、定制化挤奶模式以及对养殖人员工作福利的影响,揭示了其在推动奶牛场长远可持续发展方面的重要性。     

挤奶机器人在奶牛场成功启用的要素分析

不同奶牛场从传统挤奶过渡到使用挤奶机器人的效果各不相同,原因有很多,其中很重要的一条是由于挤奶机器人在奶牛场中的启用流程和准备工作的参差不齐。良好的启用会给后续机器人牧场的顺利运营带来积极的促进作用。本文针对挤奶机器人的启用环节,从硬件准备、牛只和人员准备、管理方式三个不同角度阐述和总结了在奶牛场中影响挤奶机器人启用的重要因素。     

Temperament assessments of lactating cows in three contexts and their applicability as management traits

The applicability of three behavioral assessments of lactating cows as management traits was verified. Flight responses to an approaching human (flight starting and walking distances, and flight walking speed) at pasture, entrance order into the milking parlour and step‐kick behavior to cup attachment were observed for 713 subject cows in six Australasian dairy farms. On all farms, cows were kept at pasture without any barn housing. Flight responses were measured once, and other assessments were recorded repeatedly for each subject cow. A principal component analysis was performed to verify whether these assessments appear to measure the same trait. A two‐way anova and correlation analyses were then used to test whether obtained principal components were affected by farm, age and milking stage of cows. Australian and some Japanese herd management systems were compared for flight distance using a one‐way anova and a multiple comparison test. Three behavioral assessments clustered in different principal components, indicating that these assessments did not appear to measure the same trait. Factor scores of four principal components were affected by farm (all, P < 0.01), and the scores of principal component 1, interpreted as fear of humans (r = ?0.16, P < 0.01), and component 2, interpreted as aversion to cup attachment (r = ?0.28, P < 0.01), were moderately correlated with age. These results emphasize the necessity of data standardization to reduce the non‐genetic variation resulting from these two affectors. The flight distance at pasture of herds in Australia (6.06 ± 2.85 m) was significantly (P < 0.05) different from the flight distances measured in paddocks (1.50 ± 0.82 m) and free‐stall barns (1.22 ± 1.09 m) in Japan. However, mean distances were not different between the Australian herds at pasture and the Japanese herds at pasture in tie‐stall barns (3.96 ± 2.16 m) or in a free‐stall barn (4.03 ± 1.79 m). This difference could be a result of the fact that only a single measurement was made, so that repeated measurement might improve the usefulness of flight distance as a management trait. In conclusion, it was verified that step‐kick behavior to cup attachment and flight responses to human approach were, although they have some affectors, applicable as objective management traits in lactating cows.     

泌乳量对荷斯坦泌乳牛某些血尿生化指标的影响

随机选取正常泌乳牛36头，按泌乳量分成3组，每组12头。对各组的血酮、尿酮、血糖、Ca、p、Mg、ALP、GPT、GOT、BUN等指标进行检测。结果表明：3组泌乳牛之间，尿酮差异极显著（P＜0.01），血酮、血糖差异显著（P＜0.05）。随产奶量的增加，血酮、尿糖升高，血糖降低。但三组血清Ca、P、Mg、ALP、GPT、GOT、BUN等指标均无显著差异（P＞0.05）。     

挤奶机器人对奶牛场挤奶管理能力的提升

近年来,我国的奶牛场开始逐步借助挤奶机器人来解决挤奶过程中出现的实际问题。挤奶机器人在代替人工的基础上,完善了挤奶流程的一致性,通过科学分析完成分群挤奶、分区挤奶、优化挤奶间隔等操作,让奶牛场的挤奶管理更精准高效,成为奶牛场提升挤奶管理能力的关键保障。本文综述了挤奶机器人的技术特点,以及在减少人工成本、提高产奶量、改善奶牛福利、提升生鲜乳质量等方面帮助奶牛场提升挤奶管理能力。     

A Cross-sectional Study of Reproductive Performance of Smallholder Dairy Cows in Coastal Tanzania

A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 randomly selected smallholder farms from a mixed dairy farming system in Tanga, Tanzania, between January and April 1999. We estimated the frequency and determinants of long calving interval (LCI), retention of fetal membrane (RFM), dystocia, and abortion in smallholder crossbred cattle and explored birth trends. The mean calving interval was 500 days and birth rate was 65 per 100 cow-years. Dystocia was reported to affect 58% of calvings, and 17.2% of animals suffered RFM. Using mixed effect models, the variables associated with LCI, RFM and dystocia were breed, level of exotic blood and condition score. Zebu breeding was associated with LCI (odds ratio (OR) = 2.3, p = 0.041) and Friesian breeding with lower odds for RF (OR = 0.26, p = 0.020). Animals with higher levels of exotic blood had lower odds for evidence of dystocia (OR = 0.45, p =0.021). Evidence of dystocia was significantly associated with poor condition score (P = −1.10, p = 0.001). Our observations suggest that LCIs are common in smallholder dairy farms in this region and a likely source of economic loss. Dystocia, RFM, poor condition score and mineral deficiency were common problems and were possibly linked to LCI.