数字水质监控系统

将水质监测技术与现代信息技术相结合，构想了一种数字水质监控系统。介绍了该监控系统的组成、功能及对水质的监控过程，并对该水质监控系统中水质参数、监测频率、远程通讯的安全性等几个关键性的问题作了讨论。     

基于数据融合的柴油机综合监测系统研制

融合柴油机热工、油液及振动三大类信息，采用自适应谐振理论（ART）和BP网络等相结合的决策级融合技术，建立了一套具有数据融合、状态分析和故障诊断能力的柴油机综合监测系统，解决多源信息融合和多类故障诊断的问题，并以12PA6V-280型柴油机为研究对象，进行了工作过程仿真及故障模拟研究。     

灌区水环境信息遥测系统设计与开发应用

灌区水环境信息的遥测是数字灌区建设中基础数据获取的重要研究内容.为此,设计开发了灌区水环境信息遥测系统,分析了其组成结构及功能,对其关键技术进行应用研究,利用带有智能传感器的遥测仪获取测点的水位、水温、水质等水环境信息,通过GPRS模块实施数据无线传输.该系统实现了灌区水环境信息采集、传输、处理的自动化和无线化,提高了灌区数字化管理水平.     

主成分分析法在长春市石头口门水库水环境质量评价中的应用

根据主成分分析法能够在保证原始数据信息损失最小的情况下,以少数的综合变量取代原有的多个变量的特点,对长春市石头口门水库汇水区的主要河流进行了水环境质量综合评价,并进一步对各个监测断面的水质优劣程度进行了排序.结果表明:该区水环境质量总体较差,以有机污染和农业非点源污染引起的水质污染为主.在空间分布上,石头口门断面水质相对较好,烟筒山断面和星星哨水库断面的水质次之,双阳河新安断面水质最差.     

数字水环境管理系统和数字水质预

将先进的地理信息系统技术、计算机技术、遥感技术和河流大比例尺数字化地图与水环境管理问题相结合，阐明了数字水环境管理系统和数字水质预警预报系统的GIS模块、专业模块、中间件技术及其他模块的组建技术，论述了基于GIS的“用户交互界面—业务逻辑—数据服务”三层结构体系，并结合西江广东段设计、建模、开发出数字水环境管理系统和数字水质预警预报系统。将基于GIS的信息管理系统应用于水环境部门管理工作，对提高我国水环境管理工作的现代化具有重要意义。     

基于无线传感器网络的水质监测系统研究

针对国内外水质环境研究中水质样品异地监测分析存在的巨大缺陷,研究了水质自动监测系统。文章介绍了基于无线通讯传感器网络的简易水质自动监测系统,实现水质数据自动采集和实时上传,可以实现对钱塘江源头水质（衢州水质）进行更好的监测及保护。     

基于GIS的数字西江水质预警预报系统设计和应用

数字西江水质预警预报系统是一个以地理信息系统（GIS）和数据库管理系统（DBMS）为开发平台，面向管理和决策层的可视化动态信息系统，采用集成GIS组件和水量水质数值模型的耦合方式。本系统一方面建立基于GIS的水环境评价、水环境容量计算和污染物总量控制。另一方面在发生水污染突发事故后，能够快速预报污染物向下游的扩散时间、扩散面积、确定污染范围、污染程度及对下游取水口等所造成的影响，为决策部门提供决策支持。     

基于GS的数字西江水质预警预报

数字西江水质预警预报系统是一个以地理信息系统（GIS）和数据库管理系统（DBMS）为开发平台，面向管理和决策层的可视化动态信息系统，采用集成GIS组件和水量水质数值模型的耦合方式。本系统一方面建立基于GIS的水环境评价、水环境容量计算和污染物总量控制；另一方面在发生水污染突发事故后，能够快速预报污染物向下游的扩散时间、扩散面积、确定污染范围、污染程度及对下游取水口等所造成的影响，为决策部门提供决策支持。     

基于窄带物联网的散粮集装箱监测系统设计

在“智慧粮食”背景下，依托无线传感器网络（Wireless Sensor Networks，WSN）技术，并结合低功耗、多源信息传输、窄带物联网和GPS/北斗定位等技术，开发了一套以STM32F407为核心的散粮集装箱监测系统，采用LoRa通讯技术对数据进行传输与接收，将分布式传感器在不同节点采集到的数据发送到远程监测中心，利用DTU（Data Terminal Unit）作为云端的信号传输中介。系统能够实时监测散粮集装箱内温湿度及所处的位置信息，并且利用DTU将数据发送至远程监测终端。该系统稳定可靠，适应于公铁水联运模式，有效地提高了粮食流通的安全性与自动化水平。      

数据融合算法在畜禽舍环境监测系统中的应用

针对畜禽舍饲养环境多变量耦合的特点,提出了一种多测点传感器监测方案,以适应其复杂的饲养环境。该方案采用最优加权算法对同类传感器数据进行融合,并通过改进的 D-S （ Dempster-Shafer ）证据理论算法将不同传感器的多个参数整合,并根据整合结果对舍内环境状况做出准确判断。该方案克服了传统监测手段的单一性,避免了分别处理各环境因子信息数据的不确定性,增强了畜禽舍环境监控系统的鲁棒性。实验表明,将该算法应用于畜禽舍环境监测系统后,监测结果的可靠性与准确度均有明显提高。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。