鸡绦虫病的诊断与防治

鸡绦虫病主要是由许多种类的绦虫寄生在鸡小肠里而引起的蠕虫病。常见的病原体有四角赖利绦虫、棘钩赖利绦虫、有轮赖利绦虫和节片戴文绦虫4种。不同年龄的鸡均可感染本病,本病多发生于夏秋季节。环境潮湿,卫生条件差,饲养管理不良均易引起鸡只发病,本病主要危害是夺取营养,损伤肠壁,代谢产物可使鸡体中毒,大量寄生时能堵塞肠道。     

贵州省长顺县散养绿壳蛋鸡肠道寄生虫病的调查

为了解长顺县散养绿壳蛋鸡肠道寄生虫的感染情况,本文采用蠕虫学解剖法,对长顺县7个乡镇办事处共11个散养户的65羽鸡进行了剖检,并对肠道各段的寄生虫进行收集。初步得出:散养绿壳蛋鸡寄生虫感染有鸡异刺线虫、鸡蛔虫、鸡棘口吸虫、赖利属绦虫四类,其感染率分别为75%、42%、42%、50%。调查表明,长顺县散养绿壳蛋鸡寄生虫感染较为普遍,其中鸡异刺线虫感染率最高。该调查为制定长顺县散养绿壳蛋鸡寄生虫的防治措施提供了一定的依据。     

上海市市售青蛙寄生蠕虫感染情况初步调查

为了解上海市市售青蛙蠕虫的感染情况,对52只黑斑蛙(Rana nigromaculata)进行剖检,按脏器检查、收集寄生虫虫体,统计寄生虫的感染率与感染强度。结果显示,青蛙蠕虫感染率为90.38%,平均感染强度为20.21条。不同种类寄生虫的感染情况明显不同,线虫、吸虫、绦虫和棘头虫的感染率分别为50.00%、86.54%、17.31%和51.92%,感染强度分别为3.38、15.00、5.11和5.22条。不同脏器寄生虫的感染情况不同,肠道的寄生虫感染率最高,为90.38%;肠道、肌肉与皮下寄生虫的感染强度分别为15.34和11.38条,明显高于其他器官。不同种类寄生虫的寄生虫部位明显不同,线虫、吸虫和棘头虫主要来源于肠道,绦虫主要来源于肌肉与皮下。通过对检出虫体的形态进行初步观察,吸虫、线虫、绦虫和棘头虫种类分别约有6、3、1和2种,但具体种类尚需进一步鉴定。本调查结果为掌握上海市市售青蛙寄生虫感染状况和做好寄生虫病防控提供了基础数据。     

鸡绦虫病的诊断及防治

鸡绦虫病主要是由戴文科绦虫寄生于鸡肠道引起的一类寄生虫病.常见的病原体有四角赖利绦虫、棘钩赖利绦虫、有轮赖利绦虫和节片戴文绦虫4种.不同年龄的鸡均可感染本病,但以17～40日龄的雏鸡易感.经口食入含有绦虫卵囊的中间宿主(绦虫存活的动物体:如蚂蚁、金龟子、彖蝇、蛞蝓)而感染.本病多发生于夏秋季节,环境潮湿,卫生条件差,饲养管理不良均易引起本病的发生,主要危害是夺取营养,损伤肠壁,代谢产物可使鸡体中毒,大量寄生时能堵塞肠道.     

上海市市售蟾蜍寄生蠕虫感染情况初步调查

为了解上海市市售蟾蜍寄生蠕虫的感染情况,对60只中华大蟾蜍进行剖检,按脏器检查、收集寄生虫虫体,统计寄生虫的感染率与感染强度。结果显示,蟾蜍寄生虫感染率为100%,平均感染强度为28.23条。不同种类寄生虫的感染情况明显不同,线虫、吸虫、绦虫和棘头虫的感染率分别为93.33%、73.33%、8.33%和15.00%,感染强度分别为17.52、14.48、10.40和2.67条。不同脏器寄生虫的感染情况不同,肠道和肺脏的寄生虫感染率最高,分别为100%和88.33%;肠道、肺脏、肌肉寄生虫的感染强度分别为15.63、12.28和11.33条,明显高于其他器官。不同种类寄生虫的寄生虫部位明显不同,线虫主要来源于肺部和肠道,吸虫和棘头虫主要来源于肠道,绦虫主要来源于肌肉。通过对检出虫体的形态进行初步观察,吸虫、线虫、绦虫和棘头虫种类分别约有3、4、1和1种,但具体种类尚需进一步鉴定。本调查结果为掌握上海市市售蟾蜍寄生虫感染状况和做好寄生虫病防控提供了基础数据。     

家禽绦虫病及其防治

一、鸡绦虫病 常见的有四角赖利绦虫、棘沟赖利绦虫、有轮赖利绦虫和节片戴文绦虫４种。这些绦虫寄生于鸡的小肠内，主要危害是夺取营养，损伤肠壁，代谢产物可使鸡体中毒，大量寄生时能堵塞肠道。由于寄生虫种类及数量不同，病鸡病状各异。严重感染时，鸡生长受阻，产蛋下降；精神不振，羽毛松乱，缩颈垂翅，伏于一隅；采食减少，饮水增多；粪便稀薄，有时带血；可视粘膜黄染，鸡体贫血、衰竭。节片戴文绦虫的代谢产物引起鸡体中毒后，患鸡出现脚腿麻痹、进行性瘫痪、头颈扭曲等症状。棘沟赖利绦虫代谢产物可引起鸡突发癫痛，痉挛而死。 防…     

鸡绦虫病的诊断及防治

鸡绦虫病主要是由戴文科绦虫寄生于鸡肠道引起的一类寄生虫病。常见的病原体有四角赖利绦虫、棘钩赖利绦虫、有轮赖利绦虫和节片戴文绦虫4种。不同年龄的鸡均可感染本病,但以17～40日龄的雏鸡易感。经日食入含有绦虫卵囊的中间宿主（绦虫存活的动物体：如蚂蚁、金龟子、彖蝇、蛞蝓）而感染。本病多发生于夏秋季节,环境潮湿,卫生条件差,饲养管理不良均易引起本病的发生,主要危害是夺取营养,损伤肠壁,代谢产物可使鸡体中毒,大量寄生时能堵塞肠道。     

萝北县鸡寄生蠕虫区系调查报告

对萝北县鸡寄生蠕虫区系进行了调查，剖检１５只本地品种鸡，在每只鸡体内均有不同程度的蠕虫寄生，虫体的感染率达１００％，共检获虫体５咱，其中绦虫２种，棘沟赖利绦虫（Ｒａｉｌｌｉｅｔｉｎａｅｃｃｈｉｎｏｂｏｔｈｒｉｄｅ）和四角赖利绦虫（Ｒａｉｌｌｉｅｔｉｎａｅｔｅｔｒａｇｏｎａ）；线虫３种；鸡蛔虫（Ａｓｃａｒｉｄｉａｇａｌｌｉ）斧沟华首线虫（Ａｃｕａｒｉａ Ｈａｍｕｌｏｓ）和鸡刺线虫（Ｈｅｔｅｒａｋｉｓ     

国产丙硫苯咪唑(albendazol)驱除鸡寄生蠕虫的试验

以国产丙硫苯咪唑对39只自然感染各种蠕虫的鸡进行了驱虫试验。第一批15只,采用鉴定试验方法,按每公斤体重100毫克口投,对卷棘口吸虫(Echinostoma revolum)效100％(5/5);对棘盘赖利绦虫(Raillietina echinobothrida)效100％(1/1);对鸡禽蛔虫(Ascaridia galli),成熟的效100％(16/16),未成熟的也为100％(10/10);对鸡异刺线虫(Heterakis gallinae)效93.3％(126/135);对毛细线虫(Capillayia spp.)效53.3％(8/15);对扭状头饰带线虫(Cheilospirura hamulosa)效36.4％(8/22)。第二批6只,也采用鉴定试验方法。按每公斤体重50毫克口投,对赖利绦虫100％(1/1);对成熟鸡禽蛔虫效98.8％(184/186);未成熟的效98.2％(320/326),对鸡异刺线虫效45.5％(118/259);对毛细线虫效60％(3/5)。第三批18只,采用对照试验方法(9只用药,9只不用),按每公斤体重150毫克口投,对成熟鸡禽蛔虫效100％(1/1);未成熟的99.6％(4955/4965);对鸡异刺线虫效91.8％(640/697);对毛细线虫效64.2％(1896/2952);对四角赖利绦虫(Raillietina tetragona)效100％(18/18)。     

鸡绦虫病的防治

正寄生于鸡的绦虫,在我省主要有戴文科赖利属的四角赖利绦虫、有轮赖利绦虫和棘沟赖利绦中,这三种绦虫对养鸡业的危害最大。其次,还有囊宫科漏带属的漏斗漏带绦虫,膜壳科膜亮属、棘壳属的绦虫。这些绦虫均寄生于鸡的小肠,主要是十二指肠内,大量感染时,常引起贫血、消瘦、下痢,产蛋减少甚至停止。幼鸡即使轻度感染,亦易诱发其它疾病造成死亡。在我省调查的鸡中,绦虫的感染极为普遍,最多的有一只鸡小     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.