微波消解-原子吸收光谱法同时测定饲料中铅铜锌的分析方法

用微波消解仪对饲料样品进行处理,用原子吸收分光光度计同时测定饲料中铅、铜、锌的含量。线性范围:铅0~1.6ng/m L,相关系数0.9998;铜0~1.0ng/m L,相关系数0.9994;锌0~1.6ng/m L,相关系数0.9994。样品加标回收率:铅92.5%~93.7%,铜94.6%~95.6%,锌92.0%~96.4%。精密度:铅1.0%~2.1%,铜1.2%~2.2%,锌0.8%~1.8%。该方法满足了饲料样品中铅、铜、锌的同时测定。     

用微分电位溶出法快速测定饲料中锌含量

在NaAc—HAc(PH=5)的底液中，锌能产生灵敏的溶出峰。标准曲线的线性范围为9─150ppb。用标准加入法测定其精密度、准确度均很好，变异系数为1.39％(n=10)，回收率范围为97.14─100.9％。由于铜─锌易形成金属间化合物，而使测锌受到阻碍，通常在样品中加入过量的镓形成更稳定的铜─镓化合物而阻止铜─锌的形成。在饲料样品中加入过量的镓掩蔽铜的干扰。     

微分电位溶出法连续快速测定饲料中的铅、镉、铜和锌

本文讨论了用微分电位溶出法连续分析，快速测定饲料中的铅、镉、铜和锌的含量。在ｐＨ≈２的底液中，可以同时测定铅、镉、铜和锌的含量。在ｐＨ≈５的底液中，加入氧化镓掩蔽铜的干扰，测定锌。结果表明，铅、镉、铜和锌的最低检出限分别为０．０２μｇ、０．０１μｇ、０．０７８μｇ、０．１８μｇ。最低检出浓度分别为１ｐｐｂ、０．５ｐｐｂ、４ｐｐｂ、９ｐｐｂ。用标准加入法测得该方法的精密度，准确度均很好，变异系数＜１０（ｎ＝６）。回收率均在（１００±１０）％。该法线性范围广，结果令人满意。     

饲料中镉、铜、锌的含量测定原子吸收光谱法

本文通过铜和锌的国标检测方法,建立饲料中同时检测铜、锌、镉的检测方法,加标回收率达到90%以上,镉的检出限0.002μg/ml,完全可以满足GB/T 13082-1991、GB/T13885-2003中的相关检测的要求。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定鸡脂肪中地克珠利残留量

本试验建立了鸡脂肪组织中地克珠利残留的高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法.采用乙腈和乙酸乙酯混合溶液提取,正已烷去脂,60℃氮气吹干,乙腈溶解后过0.22 μm微孔滤膜,采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定.结果显示,地克珠利在鸡脂肪组织中10～2 000 μg/kg范围内线性关系良好,在10、200、600 μg/kg的加标水平下,回收率为81.8％～110.0％,日内变异系数为1.5％～6.8％,日间变异系数为2.7％～6.0％,该方法的检测限和定量限分别为5 μg/kg和10μg/kg.该方法处理简单,准确度和精密度均能满足鸡脂肪组织中地克珠利残留量的检测.     

高效液相色谱法快速测定婴幼儿配方乳粉中VB2的含量

建立快速测定婴幼儿配方乳粉中VB2的高效液相色谱法.采用乙酸锌和亚铁氰化钾沉淀蛋白,C18色谱柱分离,流动相为乙酸钠(0.05 mol/L)-甲醇溶液(70∶30,V/V),荧光检测器检测.方法检出限为0.2 mg/kg,线性范围为0.01～1.0 μg/mL,加标回收率为80.4％～87.2％.该方法具有前处理简便快速,检测准确等优点,可用于婴幼儿配方乳粉中VB2的测定.     

微波辅助消解-原子吸收光谱法测定猪饲料中铜、锌元素的含量

目的:测定猪饲料中铜、锌的含量。方法:采集猪饲料0.200 0 g,采用微波消解、火焰原子吸收法检测饲料中铜、锌的含量。结果:饲料中铜、锌含量分别为106.3、245.6μg/g,加样回收率分别为107.0%、95.2%,相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为2.937%、0.577%。结论:饲料中铜、锌的含量均符合国家标准;该法具有检出限低、灵敏度高、快速、准确的特点,用于实际样品测定的结果令人满意。     

湿法消解—原子吸收光谱法测定动物饲料中微量元素

试验采用湿法消解和干灰化法两种处理方法，再结合原子吸收光谱法测定了动物饲料中钾、钠、钙、镁、铜、铁、锰、锌8种元素的含量，也测定了国家标准物质玉米[GBW10012(GSB-3)]中的各元素含量。结果表明：湿法消解测定饲料中8种元素的结果平行性好，稳定，过程简便，操作时间短，且各元素的添加水平在1.0～4.0 mg/kg时回收率为85.5%～109.1%，变异系数为0.309%～5.020%；而干灰化法耗时较长，测定结果均偏低。采用湿法消解测定的国家标准物质玉米中各种元素含量均在标示值范围内。说明湿法消解处理操作简便、结果准确、耗时短，适合于对饲料中钾、钠、钙、镁、铜、铁、锰、锌8种元素进行测定。     

饲料添加剂中微量游离铜的极谱测定

提出在H2O4-EDTA-KNO3-明胶体系中以单扫描极谱测定饲料添加剂中微量游离铜的方法.用硝酸浸取法提取试样中的游离铜.铜的极谱峰电位为-0.2V(相对饱和甘汞电极).铜浓度在0.1～100μg/mL范围内与峰电流呈良好的线性关系.检出限为0.04 μg/mL,RSD为3.3%,加标回收率为97%.该方法简便、快速、测定精度好,可用于实际样品的测定.     

原子吸收石墨炉法测定青海环湖地区羊血清中铜、锰元素含量

采用原子吸收分光光度计石墨炉法测定青海省共和县倒淌河镇羊血清中微量元素铜、锰元素含量。羊血清经过湿法消解前处理,石墨炉法测定铜、锰元素含量。经过实验测定,得到铜、锰R值分别为0.9992,0.9997标准曲线,加标回收率在96.3%～98.5%之间。结果表明,原子吸收石墨炉法能够满足羊血清中微量元素铜、锰含量的测定。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …