乳品企业扩张型财务战略的运用及效益分析——以蒙牛乳业为例

本文结合财务战略的内容、种类、理论,分析了扩张型财务战略的内涵、特征及其对企业发展的作用,并以蒙牛乳业在发展期运用的财务战略为案例,分别从融资、投资、股利分配角度研究蒙牛乳业对扩张型财务战略的运用和随之所产生的财务风险和收益效益。从中得出,蒙牛乳业的账务战略基本符合扩张型财务战略的特征,其运用使蒙牛乳业良好地控制了财务风险并实现了收益的稳步增长,使蒙牛乳业的总体发展目标得以实现。     

探讨农村金融与饲料企业经济效益的关系

当前国民经济已从高速发展状态转变为高质量发展状态,此时经济发展重心也开始转移到农业等内需发展动力强劲产业上来,因此,农村金融作为直接接触内需产业的基础金融服务体系,其发展健康与否关系到农业及相关饲料企业的经济效益,因此,本文对农村金融发展模式进行研究,找到农村金融发展模式与饲料企业经济效益提升的关系,对今后发展乡村经济,实施乡村振兴战略具有十分重要的意义。     

互联网+背景下饲料公司财务管理改进对策研究

近年来,互联网技术不断进步,在推动企业经营理念革新和人们生活方式转变的同时,也实现了解决企业内部对会计资金流及信息共享的需求,对提升企业经济效益尤为重要.饲料公司的财务管理模式在互联网+背景下更加需要改善,从而实现财务管理资源的优化配置.本文通过研究互联网+背景下的公司财务管理作用及原则,阐释了目前财务管理的环境建设及...     

饲料企业财务管理中的问题及改善

财务管理是企业管理的重要组成部分,贯穿于企业整个经营管理过程,与企业经济效益密切相关,直接影响企业的生存发展。企业通过财务管理、监督控制财务活动、资金投放、资金筹集来实现风险最小化,利润最大化。良好的财务管理是饲料企业赢利的保障。随着我国畜牧业的发展,饲料行业快速发展,饲料企业不断增多,财务管理问题更加凸显。饲料企业门槛低,市场竞争非常激烈,饲料市场中产品存在严重的同质化现象,竞争无序,产能利用率低,影响饲料企业的发展。传统的财务管理理念及方法落后已不能满足现代饲料企业的发展要求。因此,饲料企业加强财务管理十分必要。饲料企业要明确自身存在的问题,制定相应的策略,全面加强财务管理,强化资金管理,促进企业可持续发展。 [关键词]饲料企业|财务管理|资金管理|成本管理     

Financial evaluation and decision making in the swine breeding herd.

As the swine industry continues to evolve and develop a greater business orientation--one that demands justification of costs, benefits, and risk-exposure--the veterinarian will be confronted with the need to develop an economic basis to supplement the biologic. The profession should view such a challenge as an opportunity to broaden its role in serving the businesses that make up the industry. However, to be effective in such an expanded role requires that the veterinarian develop a good working knowledge of risk and risk management as well as the role played by economic evaluation techniques used in financial evaluation in the risk management process. Several potential advantages exist for the veterinarian who determines to expand his or her risk management role by using financial evaluation in the course of day-to-day practice routine: Additional service or consulting income may be generated through evaluating alternatives through decision analysis. Client confidence may be strengthened in the veterinarian and in the recommendations made. The costs of consulting services and health products for the client may be viewed as income-generators instead of being viewed solely as expenses. Referrals of additional progressive clients may be generated by satisfied current clients. The veterinarian may achieve personal satisfaction through substantiating his or her recommendation beyond clinical or experimental judgment. With the capability of using financial evaluation techniques in the evaluation and justification of recommendations comes significant responsibility. Reliance upon financial evaluation techniques as a more objective approach in the management of risk for clients carries with it an inherently greater degree of trust. Such trust must be deserved. The universal adage "garbage in, garbage out" applies directly to financial evaluation. Financial evaluation techniques have the potential to provide the decision-maker with objective and accurate analysis, improving the probability of choosing an optimal course of action for the business. However, the objectivity and accuracy achievable is highly dependent upon the quality and quantity of information used in the analysis. Veterinarians must be cognizant of the increased responsibility demand placed on those using financial evaluation techniques to direct the course of action for their clients. Financial evaluation tools are available to decision-makers that may improve the objectivity of the decision-making process, providing for a greater degree of confidence in the expected outcome. Stated another way, these tools can reduce the number of surprises a decision-maker encounters as a result of the decisions made.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

Cost-benefit evaluation of artificial insemination for genetic improvement of wool-producing sheep

SUMMARY The financial costs and benefits associated with the use of artificial insemination (AI) in commercial flocks are evaluated. Benefits are calculated in terms of net present values after summing the discounted value of benefits over 20 years. Two breeding strategies are evaluated. With the first, AI is used to produce flock ewes and wethers. The method is unlikely to be profitable unless high breeding value rams are available for AI programs with fresh semen. With the second, AI is used to produce home-bred rams, which in turn sire flock ewes and wethers. This approach is more likely to be profitable. The cost of AI per lamb weaned from laparoscopic AI programs is about $100. Benefits exceed this cost for rams of very high merit when wool prices are moderate or higher. Flock structure has a significant effect on the benefits. Flocks with low wether retention rates have benefits half that of flocks that retain most wethers to 6 years of age. AI with purchased semen also provides benefits to risk management for owners of commercial flocks who wish to breed their own replacement flock rams.     

Financial analysis of East Coast fever control strategies on beef production under farm conditions

This study provides a financial analysis of an East Coast fever immunisation trial conducted on a farm in the Coast Province of Kenya. The objective of the trial was to assess the effects of immunisation by the infection and treatment method, under different acaricidal treatments, on the productivity of beef cattle. Eighty beef cattle were immunised and an equal number acted as controls. The immunised and unimmunised groups were divided into four subgroups of 20 animals. Two subgroups, one from the immunised and one from the unimmunised group, were sprayed with acaricide twice a week; a second pair of subgroups was sprayed once every three weeks; a third pair had prolonged release acaricide-impregnated ear-tags inserted into each ear; and a fourth pair had no tick control treatment. Financial analysis revealed that the immunised subgroups were more profitable, owing to lower mortality and higher weight gains than the unimmunised subgroups. Of the immunised subgroups, the best was that sprayed with acaricide twice a week; it yielded a marginal rate of return of 244 per cent and maximised financial benefits to the farmer in this trial. However, further trials under different production circumstances would be required before the method could be recommended for widespread adoption.     

Surgical approaches to the equine abdomen

Factors to consider when deciding on a surgical approach to explore the abdomen of a horse include facilities and equipment available, experience of the surgeon, temperament of the horse and the necessity for cosmesis. An approach performed with the horse standing may be necessary when anaesthesia or recovery from anaesthesia is considered risky or when the owner imposes a financial limitation that does not allow surgery to be performed with the horse anaesthetised. Approaches performed with the horse standing include the flank and colpotomy approaches. Each approach has benefits and risks inherent to it.     

Understanding South African private landowner decisions to manage rhinoceroses

With increased poaching pressures, rhinoceroses have become a financial liability due to expensive anti-poaching security costs required to protect this species. Nonetheless, approximately one-third of South Africa’s rhinoceros population is protected on private lands. In a time when the future existence of rhinoceroses is uncertain, it is important to determine (a) the considerations included in private sector decisions to participate in rhinoceros conservation and (b) how increased conservation of rhinoceroses on private lands may be attained. We conducted semi-structured interviews with private wildlife ranchers and reserve managers in South Africa to answer these questions. Respondents cataloged financial (e.g., security costs, tourism revenues) and nonfinancial (e.g., psychological stresses, emotional attachment) factors that influence their decisions to keep rhinoceroses on their lands. Despite significant costs of rhinoceros ownership, rhinoceros owners were willing to engage in conservation efforts because of the nonfinancial benefits they derive from protecting rhinoceroses.     

Influence of different factors on the costs and benefits of oral vaccination of foxes against rabies

The oral rabies vaccination (ORV) programme is the most widespread vaccination programme that is implemented in the European Union and targets wildlife diseases. The size of the project requires significant financial resources, so a cost–benefit analysis is necessary to establish the economic value of the project. We summarized all ORV costs during the period 2011–2016 in Croatia, calculated all established benefits and presented the cost–benefit ratio (CBR). Additionally, we analysed all components included in the ORV and rabies control programme (surveillance, preventive human treatment and vaccination of dogs) to find possibilities to increase the benefits. According to our results, in the period 2011–2016, the CBR was only 0.05, and the majority of the cost was derived from the preventive vaccination of dogs (72.3%). With the implementation of 2‐ or 3‐year vaccination intervals, the CBR can be increased to 1.46 or 1.92, respectively, confirming positive economic value. This study shows the importance of analysing all rabies control and eradication components based on the specific characteristics of a particular country to determine the factors that can be modified to potentially improve the benefits of ORV.     

禽用核酸疫苗的研究进展

核酸疫苗是近 2 0年来发展起来的一种新型疫苗 ,它应用现代生物工程技术和分子生物学技术 ,克服了传统疫苗所存在的一些问题 ,具有传统疫苗不可比拟的优点 ,成为国内外学者争相研究的热点之一 ,呈现出良好的发展势头和应用前景。在禽病学领域 ,禽流感、新城疫、传染性支气管炎、传染性法氏囊等疾病的核酸疫苗得到了较为深入的研究 ,为禽用核酸疫苗乃至其他领域的核酸疫苗的进一步研究提供了有益的参考 ,也将会为养禽业带来不可估量的经济效益。通过对禽用核酸疫苗研究概况的综述 ,不仅可以了解国内外研究动态 ,借鉴最新的研究方法和研究思路 ,也可以发现问题和提出问题 ,进而寻求新的研究方向     

The Zodiak workshop: an innovative model for teaching financial management through partnership with industry

The National Commission on Veterinary Economic Issues (NCVEI) is working to enhance the non-technical skills, knowledge, aptitudes, and attitudes (SKAs) of veterinarians. This report describes the development of an innovative model for teaching the principles of financial management as they apply to the veterinary practice. Zodiak: The Game of Business Finance and Strategy is a "business literacy" game in which players work together in small teams (generally four people) to run a fictional multi-million-dollar company called Zodiak Industries for three "years" in order to learn principles of business finance and strategy. After finishing the 4.5-hour game, participants spend the rest of the workshop making the right "Connections"-exercises designed to connect what they have learned to business strategies, financial statements, and operational tactics drawn from veterinary practice. Issues addressed for the veterinary practice, with parallels drawn to Zodiak, included return on owner investment in a veterinary practice (vs. salary drawn by owner veterinarians); pricing (setting prices, price elasticity of demand, and relationships between volume, quality, and price); human resources and operations management as they relate to profitability and efficiency; cash flow and management of accounts receivable; and commonly used financial benchmarks. Workshop venues have included Michigan State University, The Ohio State University, the University of Illinois, and Purdue University. Financial and in-kind support were provided through partnership with Pharmacia Animal Health (now Pfizer Animal Health) and Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc. Through course evaluations, participants generally rated the workshop high as an educational experience and indicated that the most important things learned were related to financial management (principles, terminology, and methods). The most enjoyable aspects of the workshop tended to be group discussions, teamwork, the dynamic/interactive environment, and the "game" atmosphere. Based on these experiences, the Zodiak workshop provides a useful model for teaching career development and practice management topics to veterinary students. The business simulation in a workshop format was especially useful for teaching these "non-mainstream" topics, as traditional classroom lecture approaches might not have engaged students sufficiently to achieve effective learning. In addition, the partnership developed between academia and industry offered substantial benefits to both parties. Similar educational approaches should be considered for additional aspects of the non-technical SKAs.     

Mapping the economic benefits to livestock keepers from intervening against bovine trypanosomosis in Eastern Africa

Endemic animal diseases such as tsetse-transmitted trypanosomosis are a constant drain on the financial resources of African livestock keepers and on the productivity of their livestock. Knowing where the potential benefits of removing animal trypanosomosis are distributed geographically would provide crucial evidence for prioritising and targeting cost-effective interventions as well as a powerful tool for advocacy. To this end, a study was conducted on six tsetse-infested countries in Eastern Africa: Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan and Uganda. First, a map of cattle production systems was generated, with particular attention to the presence of draught and dairy animals. Second, herd models for each production system were developed for two scenarios: with or without trypanosomosis. The herd models were based on publications and reports on cattle productivity (fertility, mortality, yields, sales), from which the income from, and growth of cattle populations were estimated over a twenty-year period. Third, a step-wise spatial expansion model was used to estimate how cattle populations might migrate to new areas when maximum stocking rates are exceeded. Last, differences in income between the two scenarios were mapped, thus providing a measure of the maximum benefits that could be obtained from intervening against tsetse and trypanosomosis. For this information to be readily mappable, benefits were calculated per bovine and converted to US$ per square kilometre. Results indicate that the potential benefits from dealing with trypanosomosis in Eastern Africa are both very high and geographically highly variable. The estimated total maximum benefit to livestock keepers for the whole of the study area amounts to nearly US$ 2.5 billion, discounted at 10% over twenty years – an average of approximately US$ 3300 per square kilometre of tsetse-infested area – but with great regional variation from less than US$ 500 per square kilometre to well over US$ 10,000. The greatest potential benefits accrue to Ethiopia, because of its very high livestock densities and the importance of animal traction, but also to parts of Kenya and Uganda. In general, the highest benefit levels occur on the fringes of the tsetse infestations. The implications of the models’ assumptions and generalisations are discussed.     

Economic aspects of common health and fertility problems for the individual pig producer: an overview

The income margin in modern pig farming is generally narrow. Controlling the cost of production, therefore, is of great importance. Improving health and fertility can play a major role in this context. In this paper three interrelated issues are discussed from a farm management point of view: (1) the financial losses of common health and fertility problems, (2) the costs and benefits of disease control, and (3) the decision to replace individual sows in case of poor health and/or reduced productive performance. Priorities for further research in the field of animal health economics are also discussed.     

Financial modelling of the potential cost of ovine Johne's disease and the benefit of vaccinating sheep flocks in southern New South Wales

OBJECTIVE: To develop an enterprise gross margin (GM) model that predicts the on-farm financial impact of ovine Johne's disease (OJD) for various sheep enterprises in Australia. In addition, to estimate the benefits and costs of control through the use of the Gudair vaccination, including a breakeven point. DESIGN AND POPULATION: Data for the model was gained from an observational study conducted over a 3-year period from 2002 to 2004 using sheep from 12 OJD-infected flocks from southern New South Wales. Flocks ranged between 3500 and 20,000 sheep, with owner estimates of 5% or greater OJD mortality at the start of the study. PROCEDURE: A GM model was developed to predict the on-farm financial impact of OJD for various sheep enterprises in Australia, comparing non-infected, infected (status quo) and infected (vaccination) disease scenarios. RESULTS: Vaccination breakeven points are achieved within 2 to 3 years for breeding enterprises if OJD mortalities are high, rising towards 7 years for a Merino ewe enterprise if OJD mortalities are low. CONCLUSION: The GM model demonstrates the returns to investment of vaccination for Australian sheep producers with OJD-infected flocks.     

Benefits of obtaining test-negative Level 4 classification for beef producers in the Voluntary Bovine Johne's Disease Control Program

The US Voluntary Bovine Johne's Disease Control Program (VBJDCP) stipulates the national standards for Johne's disease (JD) control, and herds classified as test-negative at Level 4 of the VBJDCP have the greatest likelihood of being non-infected. A questionnaire survey of owners of VBJDCP test-negative Level 4 beef herds was conducted to describe perceived benefits of attaining Level 4 status. Thirty-nine of the 40 producers returned completed or partially completed surveys. Sixty-four percent (23/36) of herds contained 50 or less test eligible cattle. Twenty-seven percent (10/37) of producers reported increased marketing opportunities as a goal for enrollment in the VBJDCP. Classification at test-negative Level 4 status in the VBJDCP led to increased marketing opportunities for more than one-third (13/35) of the producers. Twenty-five percent (9/36) of the producers reported significant and 39% (14/36) marginal benefits (financial and non-financial) as a result of participation in the VBJDCP. The median (range) reported annual benefit was $0 ($0, $10,000), whilst the median (range) annual cost of implementing and sustaining the VBJDCP on ranches was $200 ($0, $5000). It is suggested that greater publicity about the VBJDCP in the beef cattle industry will increase its chances of success by increasing awareness amongst producers concerned about herd health/disease monitoring, and through improved marketing opportunities.     

Economic aspects of common health and fertility problems for the individual pig producer: An overview

Summary

The income margin in modern pig farming is generally narrow. Controlling the cost of production, therefore, is of great importance. Improving health and fertility can play a major role in this context. In this paper three interrelated issues are discussed from a farm management point of view: (1) the financial losses of common health and fertility problems, (2) the costs and benefits of disease control, and (3) the decision to replace individual sows in case of poor health and/or reduced productive performance. Priorities for further research in the field of animal health economics are also discussed.     

Ivermectin treatment of feedlot cattle for Parafilaria bovicola

A feedlot trial involving 400 weaner cattle was conducted to evaluate the benefits of treatment of cattle, originating from a Parafilaria bovicola endemic area, with invermectin at 200 mcg kg⁻¹. The mean P. bovicola lesion area and mean mass of affected tissue trimmed from the carcasses of treated animals were reduced by 83.3% and 89.9%, respectively, relative to untreated controls (P < 0.01). The overall mean financial realization to the feedlot operator was 0.9% higher for invermectin-treated animals than for untreated controls and the benefit-to-cost ratio was 4:1 for the invermectin treatment.     

资产管理信息化在饲料企业中的应用分析

随着计算机技术的更新应用,当前我国饲料企业在信息化管理、信息化建设方面只发展了会计财务电算化程度,对固定资产信息化管理也是建立在ERP财务核算软件计算应用的基础上。而资产管理信息化是当前饲料企业提升自身核心竞争力,增加企业自身经济效益的首要需求,但当前企业自身资产管理信息化水平发展不高,尤其是固定资产信息化计算查询系统软件发展落后,产权管理系统软件开发建设程度不足,导致饲料企业在资产管理运营方面面临许多困难,本文针对饲料企业在资产管理运营过程中面临的困难,通过分析研究找出企业资产管理信息化改进方法,为饲料企业资产管理信息化应用发展提供合理有效的建议。     

互联网背景下饲料企业会计信息化的必要性分析

随着电子信息化技术水平的不断发展与普及,企业各方面的发展受到深远影响,财务会计工作是民营企业工作的重中之重,因此,互联网背景下企业转型升级过程中会计工作是最先且最受影响的工作,只有会计工作完成信息化建设,才能使饲料企业整体在信息化建设中有所突破,得到进一步发展,才能从根本上提升4年企业经济效益,降低企业资金运营风险,提升企业在饲料市场中的核心竞争力。本文基于此目的,通过对当前饲料企业会计信息化建设,现状及存在问题进行认真分析,并深刻阐述会计信息化建设的必要性与推进方案,为优化饲料企业会计信息化建设提供合理有效的建议。