Effect of potassium sulfate on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of canola cultivars upon late-season drought stress conditions

In order to reduce the damage caused by late-season drought stress of canola, a factorial split plot experiment was performed on the basis of the randomized complete blocks design with three replications in Karaj, Iran. The treatments were potassium sulfate in two levels, including application and non-application of potassium sulfate, irrigation at three levels including normal irrigation (control), restricted irrigation from the flowering and pod formation stage, as factorial were in main plots and winter canola cultivars including Opera, L72, KR1, GKH3705, GKH0224 were in subplots. The interaction effect of potassium sulfate?×?irrigation?×?cultivar on seed yield, stomatal resistance, oil yield, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and glucosinolate was significant at the 1% level. The promising line of L72 in normal irrigation and application of potassium sulfate and Opera cultivar under late-season drought stress and application of potassium sulfate had the highest seed yield, oil yield and fatty acids composition.     

Penconazole and calcium improves drought stress tolerance and oil quality in canola

In this study, the effects of penconazole (PEN) and calcium (Ca) on growth amelioration and quality of seed oil in canola (Brassica napus L.) under drought stress were investigated. Drought stress reduced the growth parameters (fresh weight and dry weight) in canola; however the application of PEN and Ca improved these parameters under drought condition. Inducing effect of Ca on protein content was more prominent than PEN. Proline content increased under drought stress and PEN and Ca treatment caused more induction it under drought. PEN and Ca alleviated the negative effects of drought stress in canola by inducing antioxidant defense. The application of PEN and Ca caused a significant reduction in lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide and mitigation of the drought induced oxidative stress. Drought stress induced protein content, total phenol, flavonol content, soluble sugar, palmitic acid and palmitoloic acid, and reduced flavonoid content, oleic acid, linolenic acid, and linolonoic acid in canola seed. PEN and Ca increased palmitic acid, linoleic acid (Omega-6), linolenic acid (Omega-3), oleic acid, protein, and soluble sugar. Our results indicated that application of PEN and Ca enables canola plants to withstand the deleterious impact of drought stress and caused improvement of antioxidant capacity, essential fatty acids (linolenic acid and linolonoic acid) and oil quality in canola seed.     

硼、钼营养对甘蓝型油菜产量和品质影响的研究

采用盆栽试验方法,研究施硼、钼和硼钼配施对两个油菜品种种子产量和品质的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,两品种3个处理(+B、+Mo、+B+Mo)的子粒产量均有显著的增产作用,中双6号(双低品种)增幅均达到显著水平,其中以+Mo处理增产效果最好;中油821(双高品种)+B和+B+Mo处理的增幅高于+Mo处理。单施硼肥(+B)和钼肥(+Mo),中双6号增产效果高于中油821;硼、钼配施(+B+Mo),中油821的增产效果好于中双6号。两个油菜品种含油量显著高于对照,其中+Mo处理增幅最大,中油821以+B处理增幅最大,但处理间差异均不显著;芥酸含量较对照明显下降,中双6号以+Mo和+B+Mo处理降低显著,分别下降了1.0和0.8个百分点,中油821下降幅度为1.4～6.4个百分点,以+B、+B+Mo处理下降较为显著;中双6号硫甙含量较对照下降1.5%～13.1%,其中+Mo和+B+Mo处理差异显著,中油821降幅为9.0%～29.1%,差异均达显著水平。本文的研究结果表示,硼、钼营养有利于油菜子粒产量的提高和品质的改善,但影响的程度在不同品种中存在差异。     

苦杏仁去皮热风干燥适宜温度提高油脂品质

为探索适宜的杏仁热风干燥温度,以热烫去皮处理后的湿杏仁为试验材料,研究了热风干燥不同温度对杏仁及其油脂的感官、理化和营养品质的影响。结果表明,经热烫去皮、干燥处理后可以得到颜色较浅的杏仁油,有利于提高杏仁油的感官品质,但会造成杏仁油过氧化值显著升高（P<0.05）,油酸、亚油酸、十七碳烯酸、二十碳一烯酸等不饱和脂肪酸的比例和甾醇含量降低,棕榈酸、棕榈油酸、硬脂酸、十七碳烷酸、二十碳烷酸、二十碳一烯酸的比例和总生育酚含量升高,对杏仁油的理化特性和营养品质产生影响。但不同脂肪酸及其伴随物种类、不同温度处理变化幅度不同。随着干燥温度的提高,干燥速率逐渐加快,杏仁及杏仁油的颜色逐渐加深,杏仁油亮度下降,酸价略有升高,但不同干燥温度之间差异不显著（P>0.05）;过氧化值呈上升趋势,且80℃以上干燥处理显著高于40℃和60℃干燥处理（P<0.05）;总不饱和脂肪酸、油酸、亚油酸、十七碳烯酸、二十碳烷酸的比例及β-生育酚、δ-生育酚及总生育酚含量总体呈下降趋势,棕榈油酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸的比例和β-谷甾醇、总甾醇含量总体呈升高趋势。低温干燥有利于提高杏仁油中生育酚含量,而提高干燥温度则有利于杏仁油中植物甾醇含量的提高。尤其是干燥温度为80℃以上时,杏仁油的品质变化加快。因此,为提高杏仁油理化与营养品质,杏仁脱皮后的干燥宜在80℃以下的较低温度条件下进行。研究结果可为杏仁干燥和高品质杏仁油加工提供参考。     

Effects of drought stress on the seedling growth,development, and metabolic activity in different cultivars of canola

ABSTRACT

The comparative effects of drought stress on seed performance, growth parameters, free proline content, lipid peroxidation, and several antioxidative enzymes activities were studied in both cultivars of Brassica napus L. Drought stress increased mean germination rate and mean of day germination in both cultivars, and its effect was more pronounced in RGS003. The length and dry weight of root increased significantly in both cultivars under drought. RGS003 was more tolerant and obtained more biomass under drought than that of Sarigol. Proline content and pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase expression increased in Sarigol under drought. Measurement of malondialdehyde content in seedlings showed that lipid peroxidation was lower in RGS003 than in Sarigol. Antioxidant enzyme activities showed different trends in the two cultivars under drought stress but were higher in RGS003 than in Sarigol. These results suggest that RGS003 is better protected against drought-induced oxidative damage. Lipoxygenase activity only induced under water deficit condition in RGS003. Changes of respiratory enzymes activities of RGS003 subjected to drought stress showed a pattern different with Sarigol. Drought stress induced aconitase activity in RGS003, but it reduced fumarase and succinate dehydrogenase activity in Sarigol. This study showed that RGS003 exhibits a better protection mechanism against oxidative damage and RGS003 is more drought-tolerant than Sarigol possibly by maintaining and/or increasing growth parameters, antioxidant enzyme activities, and respiratory enzymes activities.     

旱地不同冬小麦品种氮素营养的叶绿素诊断

通过田间试验研究了叶绿素仪用于西北旱地主栽的10个冬小麦品种氮素营养诊断的效果。结果表明,冬小麦SPAD值与子粒产量、生物学产量有很好的相关性,尤其以拔节期和开花期相关性较高。不同施氮量下的SPAD值有明显的不同,施氮量为180kg/hm2时,SPAD值达到最大。在同一施氮水平下,开花期的SPAD值均最高。拔节期之前冬小麦不同品种间SPAD值的差异较小,拔节期以后差异较大,最大可达9.2个SPAD单位。小偃22在每个时期的SPAD值都最高,并且与陕253、陕229和小偃503之间的差异均达显著水平,而陕253、陕229和小偃503之间的差异不显著。可见,小偃22与其它3个品种对氮素反应分属于不同类型,应根据不同品种类型建立相应的诊断指标。     

Effects of soil tillage,canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars and planting date on canola yield,and oil and some biological and physical properties of soil

Determination of different agronomical properties including soil-related parameters for enhanced canola (Brassica napus L.) production can be of great significance. Hence, the objectives were to determine the effects of different tillage systems, canola cultivars and different planting dates on: (i) canola yield and oil, and (ii) soil moisture and microbial carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). Two field experiments were planned as split-plot experiments in three replicates. The main plots were different tillage systems including no-tillage (NT), minimum tillage (MT) and conventional tillage (CT), and the subplots were the combination of different canola cultivars (PF and Hyola 401) and different planting dates (PD): 8 and 23 September and 7 October. Soil moisture under CT and PF was significantly less than that of MT and NT, and Hyola 401, respectively. Carbon and N microbial biomass was the highest at NT and on the first PD. The tillage method and planting date also significantly affected canola yield, oil content and the amount, and the number of earthworms. We may conclude that although the amount of yield was the highest at CT, it may be more agronomically sustainable to plant canola under NT or MT earlier during the autumn growing season.     

氨基酸配合硼喷施对油麦菜硼营养及生长、品质的影响

为探究有机营养类物质氨基酸与硼酸配合喷施对油麦菜生长的应用效果,本研究采用盆栽试验,设置单独喷施1%硼酸处理,以及谷氨酸、丙氨酸和天冬氨酸3种氨基酸各设3个喷施浓度(5、10、20 mmol·L^-1)与1%硼酸配合喷施处理,并以喷施清水为对照(CK),共11个处理,收获后测定植株的生长指标和硼含量。结果表明,单独喷施硼酸对油麦菜生物量无明显影响,低浓度氨基酸与硼配合喷施均能显著提高油麦菜生物量,其中丙氨酸-硼喷施处理油麦菜生物量较CK平均增加了9.4%。与CK相比,3种氨基酸与硼配合喷施均能明显提高油麦菜叶片总蛋白含量,同时降低硝酸盐积累,从而改善品质。与单独喷施硼酸相比,适宜浓度氨基酸与硼配合喷施均可显著提高油麦菜氮、钾积累量,另外谷氨酸-硼和天冬氨酸-硼喷施对油麦菜磷积累量也有明显促进作用。与单独喷施硼酸相比,氨基酸与硼配合喷施均可显著提高油麦菜地上部硼含量,其中丙氨酸-硼喷施处理油麦菜地上部硼含量平均增幅为41.0%;此外,丙氨酸-硼喷施对油麦菜地下部硼含量也有明显提升作用,平均增幅为15.6%;喷施丙氨酸浓度与油麦菜地上部和地下部硼含量均呈显著正相关关系。...     

The effects of different methods of zinc application on canola seed yield and oil content

Abstract

Zinc (Zn) as a microelement plays a salient role in the vital processes of plants such as metabolism and nutrition. This experimental study was conducted in the research field of Agriculture Faculty, Zanjan University using two genotypes of canola as main factor (Okapi and Tassilo) and zinc fertilizer application method in 7 levels including control, foliar spraying (2, 3.5, and 5?g/L) at the beginning of flowering and soil application (25, 50, and 75?kg/ha) were considered as sub-plot factor. The results showed that the application of zinc significantly increased the chlorophyll content as compared to control treatment. The highest chlorophyll content was observed in foliar spraying of 3.5 and 5?g/L zinc in Okapi cultivar. While, the highest value of RWC content resulted only with spraying 5?g/L of zinc. The result showed that zinc foliar of 5?g/L obtained the highest oil and seed yields and seed yield components. In addition, the highest qualitative seed traits (oil and protein content and zinc content in seed and plant) resulted with spraying 5?g/L of zinc. Also, Okapi cultivar had more quantitative and qualitative yields than Tassilo cultivar. The foliar spray of 5?g/L Zn can be recommended to increase the quantity and quality seed yield of canola.     

Influence of Levels and Methods of Boron Application on the Yield and Uptake of Boron by Cotton in a Calcareous Soil of Punjab

A field experiment was conducted to study the influence of boron (B) application on yield and B uptake of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in B-deficient calcareous soil of south-west Punjab. The treatments comprise six levels of soil-applied B (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 mg B kg^?1soil) and two levels of foliar-applied B (0.1% and 0.2% borax and granubor solution) along with the common control (no B application). The experiment was laid out in RBD factorial design with three replications. The seed cotton yield and its attributing characters (plant height, number of sympodial and monopodial branches, boll weight, and number of boll per plant) and root biomass increased significantly with increasing levels of boron up to 1.0 mg B kg^?1 level over the control and then remained nonsignificant with further higher levels of soil-applied boron. Among foliar-applied boron levels, 0.1% borax solution was better than 0.2% borax solution. Soil-applied boron was at par with foliar-applied boron. The efficiency of borax and granubor was found to be equal in both sources of boron. The mean B content and its uptake by seed cotton and roots increased significantly up to 1.0 mg B kg^?1 soil-applied B level and then recorded nonsignificant with further higher levels of boron. For the foliar method of B application, the mean B content and its uptake by seed cotton increased significantly over the control. The mean available B content in soils (0–15 cm) at 45, 75, 105, and 145 days after sowing increased significantly over the control for all soil-applied B levels, while it remained nonsignificant over the control for all growth stages of cotton in foliar method of B application. Further, it was positively correlated with root biomass (r = 0.91), boron uptake by root (r = 0.98), and sympodial branch per plant (r = 0.81). The interaction of B application levels and sources was not significant for all studied traits. Regardless of B sources, B application had a significant effect on yield, yield attributes, and B uptake up to 1.0 mg B kg^?1 level for soil-applied B and 0.1% borax or granubor solution for foliar-applied B.     

Effect of sulphur on biochemical parameters of rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.) in grey terrace soil

An experiment was conducted to study the biochemical response of rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.) to sulphur (S) fertilization at grey terrace soil. There were five treatments: S₀ (control), S₁ (20 kg S ha^?1), S₂ (40 kg S ha^?1), S₃ (60 kg S ha^?1) and S₄ (80 kg S ha^?1). Chlorophyll content in the leaf was determined at 30, 40, 50 and 60 days after emergence (DAE). The biochemical properties were found responsive to S. The highest chlorophyll content of mustard leaves was found in 60 kg S ha^?1 at 50 DAE. The same treatment also showed the maximum N content in the leaves at 45 DAE. The highest oil content was recorded in 60 kg S ha^?1. Other chemical characters such as acid value, peroxide and saponification values were lowest in 60 kg S ha^?1 while iodine value was found highest in the same S level. Non-essential fatty acids such as palmitic, stearic and erucic acid were increased in the rapeseed with decrease in S level, whereas essential fatty acids were maximum in 60 kg S ha^?1. Therefore, 60 kg S ha^?1 can be recommended to produce quality rapeseed in grey terrace soil of Bangladesh.     

Risks of Boron Toxicity in Canola and Lupin by Forms of Boron Application in Acid Sands of South-Western Australia

Boron (B) deficiency frequently occurs on soils that are low in organic carbon (C) (<1.0% organic C), pH (soil pH_Ca <5.0), and clay content (<5% clay). Acid sands with these soil properties are common in south-western Australia (SWA). Moreover, hot calcium chloride (CaCl₂) extractable B levels are commonly marginal in the acid sands of SWA. This study examined the effects of soluble and slow release soil-applied B fertilizer and foliar B sprays on crops most likely to respond to B fertilizer on these soils, canola (oil-seed rape, Brassica napus L.) and lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.).

At 25 sites over three years, canola was grown with (0.34 kg ha-¹) or without B applied as borax [sodium tetraborate decahydrate (Na₂B₄O₇·10H₂O) 11% B], and this was followed by nine experiments with B rates [0, 0.55, 1.1 kg ha^?1, applied as borax or calcium borate (ulexite, NaCaB₅O₆(OH)₆·5(H₂O), 13% B] and foliar sprays (0.1% solution of solubor, 23% B) in 2000–2001. A further five sites of B rates and sources experiments were carried out with lupin in 2000–2001. Finally, foliar B sprays (5% B w/v as a phenolic complex) at flowering were tested on seven sites in farmers’ canola crops for seed yield increases. No seed yield increases to soil-applied B were found while foliar B application at flowering increased canola seed yield in only one season across seven locations. By contrast, borax fertilizer drilled with the seed at sowing decreased canola seed yield in nine of 34-farm sites, and decreased lupin yield in two of five trials. Toxicity from drilled boron fertilizer decreased yield could be explained by decreases in plant density (by 22–40%) to values lower than required for optimum seed yield. Seedling emergence was decreased by borax applied at sowing but less so by calcium borate. Foliar B spray application never reduced seed yield due to toxicity effects.

Boron fertilizer drilled with the seed increased the B concentration in plant dry matter at early to mid-flowering. Boron application decreased the oil concentration of grain of canola at four sites. The oil yield of canola was significantly decreased at seven sites.

Notwithstanding the marginal B levels on acid sands of the SWA region, care needs to be taken on use of borax fertilizer as toxicity was induced in canola and lupin; with 0.34 to 1 kg B ha^?1(3-10 kg borax ha^?1) at sowing depressing seed yield, mostly by decreasing plant density. Rather than making general recommendation for B fertilizer application based on 0.01M CaCl₂ soil extractable B, soil and plant analysis should be used to diagnose B deficiency and B fertilizer use limited to calcium borate or foliar borax rather than soil-applied borax on low B sands.     

Investigation of the changes in low molecular weight organic acids and other physiological parameters by nitric oxide application in two wheat cultivars exposed to boron stress

Boron (B) is one of the essential nutrients for the growth of plants, but its high concentrations are toxic for plants. Thus, B toxicity is a big challenge in crop cultivation. Nitric oxide (NO) is a small signaling molecule that has cytoprotective roles in plants. We investigated whether exogenous sodium nitroprusside (SNP), which is a NO donor, may succeed to alleviate B-induced toxicity in wheat cultivars. Seedlings were grown for 10 days in a growth chamber at 25°C with 16 hr light–8 hr dark photo cycle. After high B application, the effects of SNP on growth parameters; electrolyte leakage (EL); changes in reactive oxygen species [contents of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), malondialdehyde (MDA), and proline]; the activities of antioxidant enzymes [glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione S-transferase (GST)] and nitrate reductase (NR); and low molecular weight organic acid (LMWOAs) contents and also chlorophyll and total carotenoid contents were investigated in both shoots and roots of two different wheat cultivars. All experiments were carried out in triplicate. 0.2 mM SNP application ameliorated the chlorophyll and total carotenoid contents, and growth parameters such as shoot length, root length, and fresh weight in both wheat cultivars exposed to B stress. SNP reduced the B-induced lipid peroxidation, EL, and proline and H₂O₂ content in wheat cultivars. SNP application also increased the activities of NR and antioxidant enzymes, including GSHPx, GR, and GST in wheat cultivars exposed to B toxicity. All of the tested LMWOAs including succinic, propionic, butyric, oxalic, formic, malic, malonic, and benzoic acids were increased by SNP treatment in the shoots and roots of both wheat cultivars exposed to B toxicity. In conclusion, results obtained from this study have demonstrated that interactive effects of SNP with B considerably reduced the toxic effects of B in wheat cultivars.     

施用硼、锌、钼肥对紫花苜蓿生长及品质的影响

试验阐明了在京郊土壤条件下施用硼、锌、钼肥对紫花苜蓿生长、品质和营养吸收的影响,为苜蓿的合理施肥提供了依据。结果表明:施用硼、锌和钼肥能够不同程度地提高苜蓿株丛数、改善结瘤、促进分枝、增加株高。微肥对产量的影响因土壤而异,当土壤有效锌、硼、钼含量分别低于1.8mg/kg、0.5mg/kg及0.1mg/kg时,施用微肥的增产效果明显。适当施用硼、锌、钼肥能够提高苜蓿粗蛋白质含量。苜蓿的吸氮量受硼、锌、钼肥影响显著,其中硼肥的作用最大,苜蓿的吸磷量受锌、钼的影响显著,吸钾量受硼、钼的影响显著。     

不同茶树品种（系）的绿茶滋味分析及评价模型构建

为客观准确地评价不同茶树品种（系）绿茶的滋味品质,该研究系统分析了25个茶树品种（系）绿茶的主要滋味成分含量及其Dot值,利用主成分分析法对不同茶树品种（系）绿茶滋味品质进行综合评价并建立滋味品质评价模型。结果表明：儿茶素、咖啡碱是不同茶树品种（系）绿茶苦涩味强度差异的主要原因,其中表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯（Epigallocatechin gallate, EGCG）是所测样品中涩味的主要贡献物质,EGCG和咖啡碱为所测样品中苦味的主要贡献物质。氨基酸是不同茶树品种（系）绿茶鲜味、甜味差异主要因素,谷氨酸是所测样品中鲜味的主要贡献物质。主成分分析表明：前5个主成分的累计方差贡献率为79.018%,并以前5个主成分的线性回归方程和贡献率构建了滋味品质评价模型,模型评价结果与感官审评结果较为相似,存在极显著相关性（P＜0.01）,相关系数为0.791;利用模型中各主成分的得分,能够较好的区分所测样品的苦、涩、鲜、爽等滋味特征。因此,该研究所建模型能够较好的评价所测样品的滋味品质及其主要滋味特征的差异,为各茶树品种（系）的推广应用提供理论依据,也为不同茶树品种（系）绿茶滋味品质的科学评价提供新的思路和方法。     

红壤地区直播油菜施硼对籽粒产量和品质的影响

红壤地区是我国重要的油菜种植区,研究直播冬油菜硼肥施用效果,为直播油菜科学施硼提供理论依据,对促进区域油菜产业发展有重要意义。2017—2018年在江西、湖南、湖北南部和广西北部油菜主产区布置7个硼肥大田试验,设置不施硼、施硼肥(含硼量100 g·kg~(–1))4.5 kg·hm~(–2)、9.0 kg·hm~(–2)、13.5 kg·hm~(–2)四个处理。结果表明,红壤地区土壤有效硼普遍含量低,直播油菜施硼增产效果显著,油菜籽平均产量和施硼经济效益在硼肥用量9.0kg·hm~(–2)时最高,与不施硼相比增产1 021 kg·hm~(–2),增产率达110.6%,分别较施用硼肥4.5 kg·hm~(–2)和13.5 kg·hm~(–2)增产16.6%和3.1%。施硼显著增加直播油菜收获密度、单株角果数和每角粒数,进而增加了油菜产量;同时硼肥的施用可显著提高油菜籽的含油率、油酸和亚油酸含量,与不施硼相比,施用硼肥9.0 kg·hm~(–2)处理各品质指标分别增加26.9%、45.9%和72.6%,相应增加产油量136.1%。在硼肥用量13.5 kg·hm~(–2)范围内,油菜地上部硼含量和硼累积量随着施硼量的增加而增加,但硼肥利用率呈现降低的趋势,硼肥用量为9.0 kg·hm~(–2)处理的硼肥当季利用率也仅为9.4%。综合结果显示,红壤地区直播油菜施硼增产增收效果显著,直播油菜生产中应重视硼肥的合理施用,区域硼肥的推荐用量为9.0 kg·hm~(–2)左右。     

Scaling-up of boron sources for yield and quality of large seeded peanut cultivars under varied agro-ecological conditions in India

Boron (B) deficiency is a common factor in light-textured soils causing poor pod filling and yield in large seeded peanut. Field trials were conducted in soils having 0.20–0.45 mg kg^?1 available B to find out the effectiveness of commercial-grade B sources in large seeded peanuts. B application induced early flowering, increased pods, yield and yield attributes, shelling and 100-seed weight. Soil application of 2.0 kg B ha^?1 as commercial-grade Agricol, Solubor and Borosol increased these parameters to a similar degree as obtained by borax, but were superior over their foliar applications. Similarly, the responses of foliar applications of 1.0 kg B ha^?1 as Chemiebor, Solubor and Borosol were more effective in humid areas. However, foliar applications led to scorching of peanut leaves during dry weather. Thus, soil application of 2.0 kg B ha^?1 is essential to enhance productivity and pod filling in large seeded peanut.     

解冻方式对南极磷虾加工品质的影响

为探究解冻工艺对南极磷虾加工品质的影响,对静水解冻、自然空气解冻和低温空气解冻3种方式的耗时进行了测量,并研究了南极磷虾经不同方式解冻后的感官特征,同时对非蛋白氮（non-protein nitrogen,NPN）、总挥发性盐基氮（total volatile basic nitrogen,TVB-N）、硫代巴比妥酸反应物（thiobarbituric acid reactive substances,TBARS）、脂肪酸组成等与品质相关的生化指标进行了测定。结果表明,采用静水解冻、自然空气解冻、低温空气解冻3种方式将中心温度为-18℃的南极磷虾冻块解冻完全的耗时分别为51、220和826 min;感官评分依次为静水解冻>自然空气解冻>低温空气解冻;3种解冻方式对应的NPN值有极显著差异（P<0.01）,依次为低温空气解冻>自然空气解冻>静水解冻;低温空气方式解冻的南极磷虾TVB-N值显著高于另2种方式（P<0.01）,而静水方式和自然空气方式之间TVB-N无显著差异（P>0.05）;3种解冻方式的TBARS值同样差异显著（P<0.01）,依次为静水解冻>自然空气解冻>低温空气解冻;南极磷虾脂肪酸组成中多不饱和脂肪酸比例较高,达到30%以上,低温空气解冻对多不饱和脂肪酸具有一定的保护作用。实际生产中,南极磷虾如用作一般食品加工适宜采用静水解冻的方式,而作为鱼粉加工适宜采用静水或自然空气解冻的方式,如提取虾油则适宜采用低温空气解冻的方式。研究结果为南极磷虾资源的高效利用提供参考。     

Foliar feeding of boron improves the productivity of cotton cultivars with enhanced boll retention percentage

Abstract

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is of prime importance because of its quality fiber and edible oil production. Boron (B) is among essential micronutrients for plant growth; it aids in the transfer of sugars and nutrients from leaves to fruit that are involved directly or indirectly in many plant functions. Cotton growth, yield and quality are strongly affected with boron application. A two-year study was conducted to evaluate the impact of foliar applied B (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10?g of B L^?1 of water) on the performance of cotton cultivars (FH-113, MNH-786 and CIM-496). The results indicated that growth, yield and quality traits of cotton were significantly influenced by different levels of foliar applied boron as well as cultivars of cotton. Among cotton cultivars, the yield and quality parameters were superior in cultivar “FH-113.” Foliar application of boron at 6?g L^?1 of water improved leaf area index and leaf area duration and eventually improved the number of bolls per plant, boll retention percentage, average boll weight, lint yield, ginning out turn, fiber length and uniformity ratio of cotton. Foliar application of B at 6?g per liter of water, showed promising results by improving growth and quality parameters and is recommend to enhance the economical yield production of cotton cultivar “FH-113” with improved quality.