BORON NUTRIPRIMING IMPROVES THE GERMINATION AND EARLY SEEDLING GROWTH OF RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.)

Boron (B) is one of the important micronutrient required for rice in particular during reproductive growth. A laboratory study was conducted to explore the potential of boron nutripriming in improving the germination and early seedling growth of rice. Seeds of fine grain aromatic rice cultivar Super Basmati were primed in aerated B solution (0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 0.5% w/v) while untreated dry seeds were taken as control. Seed priming in 0.001 and 0.1% B solutions improved the time to 50% germination, germination energy, final germination percentage, mean germination time, and germination index. Beyond this concentration either there was no effect or an adverse effect on rice seeds. In the cases of radicle length, plumule length and secondary roots priming more diluted B solution, i.e., 0.001% proved better than rest of the treatments as suppression in these three traits was observed by other B treatments than control. Seed priming in relatively concentrated B solution, i.e., 0.5% completely suppressed the germination and growth.     

缺硼对杉木幼苗下胚轴伸长的影响

用不同浓度硼处理杉木幼苗下胚轴切段。结果表明:缺硼处理的下胚轴切段,香豆素等酚类物质和5h 开始大量积累,过氧化物酶活性在10h 开始明显降低,IAA 在15h 开始大量产生以至出现过量,此时没看到 H~+分泌现象,蛋白质含量在22h 内明显降低,致使下胚轴伸长受到抑制,表现为24h 伸长开始停止.25ppm 香豆素、25ppm 香豆素+5ppm 硼和200ppm IAA+5ppm 硼处理的结果与缺硼的相似。     

INFLUENCE OF BORON ON SPIKELET FERTILITY UNDER VARIED SOIL CONDITIONS IN RICE GENOTYPES

Rice, grown on a wide range of soils with varying soil pH levels boron (B) availability, uptake and mobilization could be limiting hence may lead to lower productivity and rice yields has been tested at 11 locations on low yielding rice genotypes from, Initial Evaluation Trials (IET) of AICRIP viz.IET 20979, IET 21003, IET 21007, IET 21014, IET 21025 and Rasi as check variety. Active boron supplemented as foliar spray at anthesis stage at 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 ppm. Grains with 1.20 (High density), and 1.06 (normal density) specific gravity (sp. gr.) and unfilled grains were determined. The results showed that application of boron resulted in increase in grain number (25–45) and reduced the number of unfilled spikelets. At majority of the locations, application of 0.4 ppm boron had resulted in significant increase in grain yield (4–8%). Cultures, IET 20979, IET 21007, and IET 21014 showed a positive response with the 0.4 ppm application at the majority of locations.     

GENETIC ANALYSIS AND GENE FINE MAPPING FOR MUTATION OF YELLOW-GREEN LEAF IN RICE

通过甲基磺酸乙酯（EMS）诱变晚粳稻品种秀水09,获得了1个稳定遗传的全生育期黄绿叶突变体Ygl,遗传分析表明该突变性状由1对隐性核基因控制。利用突变体与籼稻品种珍汕97杂交,构建F2群体对突变基因进行定位,发现目的基因与第11号染色体上的SSR标记RM2459连锁,在该标记附近发展了14对InDel标记,将突变基因定位在约82kb区间内。通过在线最新水稻注释系统的基因功能预测分析,寻找候选基因,经测序发现突变体发生单碱基突变。     

硼在土壤中的吸附-解吸及其对植物吸收硼的影响

本文对湖北省几种主要旱地土壤进行了硼的吸附－解吸实验,同时对这些土壤上油菜幼苗吸收硼进行了试验,并用Ｆｒｅｕｎｄｌｉｃｈ和Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ等温吸附方程对实验结果进行了拟合。从中发现,一些土壤硼的解吸存在着明显的滞后解吸现象,这种现象可用滞后系数来定性描述。     

温度对水稻突变体W1叶色及叶绿素生物合成的影响

本文研究了温度对水稻突变体W1叶色及叶绿素 (Chl)生物合成的影响。W1是温敏型叶色突变体 ,叶色转变的临界温度约为 2 3℃。在高温下 ,突变体W1的Chl和类胡萝卜素 (Caro)含量与对照无显著的差异 ,幼苗呈绿色 ;低温 (1 5～ 2 0℃ )下W1的Chl和类胡萝卜素 (Caro)含量明显较低 ,表现白化。突变体W1白化苗中的Chla和Chlb含量同时下降 ,Caro Chl的比值增大 ,说明该突变体属于不是由Caro降低而导致的总叶绿素缺陷型。白化苗中Chl生物合成的中间产物原叶绿素 (酸 ) (Pchl)、镁原卟啉 (Mg proto)、原卟啉IX(ProtoIX)含量减少 ,而δ 氨基酮戊酸 (ALA)和胆色素原(PBG)大量积累 ,证明突变体W1低温下Chl生物合成卟啉原形成部位受阻     

水稻白转绿突变体的特性、遗传及其育种应用

对通过辐射诱变获得的具有白化转绿特性的水稻光温敏核不育突变体的遗传及其生物学特性进行了研究。结果表明,这些突变体可分为3种类型：白化转绿类型(W2、W3、W4和W10),白化转黄绿类型(W9)和白化转绿后期转白复绿类型(W1和W7)。这些突变体的白转绿特性都是受一对隐性基因控制,具有与原不育系“培矮64S”相似的农艺性状和育性转换特性,它们的杂种具有与原杂交稻相似的株叶形态,分蘖和株高生长动态,但是它们的产量构成因素依不同的突变系而表现不同,其中W1、W2和W3的杂种具有与原杂交稻相似的产量潜力,具有较好的育种应用价值。     

不同土壤水分供给下水稻叶水势的变化规律

用中9B和金早47在温室及网室条件下,设置4个水分处理,对不同生育期的叶水势进行测定.结果表明,不同水分处理下,主要生育期的叶水势日变化表现为早晨和傍晚较大,而在中午前后较小,呈现反抛物线的曲线走向,中午前后是叶水势曲线拐点.水稻叶水势随着土壤水分含量的下降而降低,土壤保持湿润处理和淹水处理的水稻叶水势差异不明显,而水...     

水稻黄叶突变体的剑叶衰老与保护酶活性关系的研究

以野生型龙特甫B为对照,研究了其黄叶突变体黄玉B剑叶衰老与抗氧化酶活性的关系。结果表明,在花后5~25d,黄玉B剑叶的叶绿素、蛋白质含量的降低以及丙二醛(MDA)的增加幅度明显比龙特甫B慢,其酶促防御系统的保护酶超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性变化小,相对稳定,清除衰老过程中产生的活性氧自由基的能力强。本文还对水稻衰老生理指标判断的方法进行了探讨。     

水稻双剑叶突变体的表型、遗传分析及BR应答

从浙江省主栽晚粳稻品种浙粳22的辐照突变体库中,发现1株分蘖穗穗颈节上着生2片叶片的突变体,多代种植性状稳定,且不受环境条件影响。鉴定结果表明该突变体是由于倒1节间显著缩短所致,其籽粒比野生型略短,剑叶净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度等光合作用参数均低于野生型;突变表型受1对隐性基因控制,对外源油菜素内酯(BR)敏感。RT-PCR结果表明,部分BR合成和代谢相关基因在突变体和野生型中的表达量有差异,推测该突变基因与BR合成和代谢相关。     

香稻品种2-乙酰-1-吡咯啉多样性及籽粒分布特征的研究

采用田间试验方法研究同一地点和时间种植、同一栽培条件下2-乙酰-1-吡咯啉在11个香稻品种间差异性及籽粒分布特征.结果表明,桂香丝糯、中健2号、清香米、泰国香稻1号R207和Texmati等5个品种含有2-乙酰-1-吡咯啉,精米与糠中的2-乙酰-1-吡咯啉含量在上述5个品种间存在显著差异(P<0.05),其中Texma...     

空间环境诱发水稻多蘖矮秆突变体的筛选与鉴定

对水稻品种丙 95 50 3经空间诱变处理产生的多蘖矮秆突变体R955进行主要农艺性状和矮生性鉴定。结果表明 ,R955在播种至抽穗天数、千粒重、籽粒体积、株型和谷粒着芒特性等性状上与ID 3等 5个已知矮秆基因的多蘖矮源明显不同。R955苗期对GA3反应不敏感 ,其矮生性受隐性矮秆基因控制 ,与d3、d10 、d14 、d17和d2 7基因均不等位。R955株高接近半矮生型 ,单株有效穗数多达 68个 ,株型良好 ,籽粒大小正常 ,在培育多穗型水稻品种上可能具有应用价值。     

PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN CATHARANTHUS ROSEUS L. IN RESPONSE TO BORON NUTRITION

Catharanthus roseus L., a medicinally important plant was grown till maturity at varying levels of boron (0.033, 0.066, 0.33 and 3.3 mg B L^?1) supply. Optimum yield was observed in plants receiving 0.33 mg B L^?1. Plants receiving deficient boron showed growth reduction and visual symptoms such as chlorosis and cupping of young emerging leaves and apical tip necrosis. The number and size of the flowers, pods and seeds formed and the pollen viability of the boron deficient plants was markedly reduced. The threshold values for deficiency and toxicity were 57 and 79 μg B g^?1 dry weight for vegetative growth and 60.4 and 68.9 μg B g^?1 dry weight for reproductive growth, respectively, and is reported for the first time in periwinkle. An increase was observed in reducing and non-reducing sugars and in activity of acid phosphatase and ribonuclease in boron stressed plants.     

水稻叶片氮素及籽粒蛋白质含量的高光谱估测模型

研究水稻叶片氮素和籽粒蛋白质含量的高光谱快速、无损监测方法,对于水稻营养诊断、籽粒品质监测及氮肥高效利用具有重要意义。本文通过水稻盆栽试验,测定水稻叶片氮素、籽粒蛋白质含量和冠层光谱,采用不同的光谱建模方法来提高氮素、籽粒蛋白质含量的估测精度。先用主成分分析(PCA)方法进行特征波段的提取,再用多元线性回归(MLR)、人工神经网络(ANN)和偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)进行建模。结果表明,水稻叶片氮素和籽粒蛋白质含量与特征光谱存在很好的模型关系,3种模型预测的决定系数(R2_p)均在0.847以上,并以PLSR模型的预测效果为最好,可以实现水稻氮素营养和籽粒品质的高光谱估测。     

水稻叶色突变对虫害发生影响的研究初报

为明确叶色标记水稻在生产中可能引起的虫害发生变化,本试验在使用和不使用农药防治的情况下,以常规品种嘉禾218为对照,对龙特甫B及其2个叶色突变系黄玉B、翠玉B田间虫害情况进行了调查.龙特甫B为正常绿叶籼稻品种,黄玉B、翠玉B全生育期分别表现黄色和翠绿色,在苗期、分蘖期和抽穗期,黄玉B较龙特甫B的叶绿素含量分别下降58.O%,48.4%和40.8%,翠玉B则分别下降39.5%,36.0%和29.5%.结果表明,秧田期2个叶色突变体上的稻蓟马虫量显著高于其亲本龙特甫B;本田期灰飞虱和褐飞虱的虫口数在不同材料间或差异不显著,或存在显著差异,但没有一定的规律性.但是,2个突变体受稻纵卷叶螟的危害显著轻于龙特甫B,表现为盛发期突变体受稻纵卷叶螟危害产生的虫苞数显著少于龙特甫B,而龙特甫B与嘉禾218之间没有显著差异;相反,2个突变体植株上白背飞虱的虫量显著大于龙特甫B,龙特甫B也显著大于嘉禾218.根据植株的农艺性状和叶绿素含量,以及虫害发生动态变化,笔者推测,造成叶色标记水稻稻纵卷叶螟危害变轻的原因可能与植株叶绿素含量下降,影响幼虫生长发育有关,但引起白背飞虱虫口增加的原因尚需进一步研究.本试验为首次对叶色标记水稻虫害发生情况进行研究,所得结果不但对完善叶色标记水稻生产体系具有指导意义,同时对研究害虫与水稻叶色之间的关系也具有理论价值.     

EVALUATION OF APPLICATION METHODS AND RATES OF ZINC AND BORON ON NITROGEN,PHOSPHORUS AND POTASSIUM CONTENTS OF MAIZE LEAF

Plant analysis can be a useful tool in determining the general nutritional status of crops during the growing season. For this reason, a field experiment was conducted in the Fars province of Iran during 2008 season to evaluate the concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in maize leaf as affected by zinc sulfate and boric acid. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with two factors and three replications. Factor one included four levels of B (0, 3 and 6 kg ha^?1 B added to the soil and B foliar spray with a 0.3% concentration); factor two consisted of five levels of zinc (Zn) (0, 8, 16 and 24 kg ha^?1 Zn added to the soil and Zn foliar spray with a 0.5% concentration). The results of this work showed that the main effect of Zn and B levels and interaction of Zn–B on the leaf N and P concentrations was insignificant. A synergism was seen between Zn and K and also between B and K. The presence of a high amount of Zn or B in the soil prevented from increase of leaf K content, by B or Zn application, respectively.     

水稻卷窄叶突变相关基因OsCSLD4的RNAi研究及表达分析

在图位克隆获得目的基因OsCSLD4的基础上,利用Invitrogen公司的Gateway系统将500bp的OsCSLD4基因cDNA编码序列以反向互补的方式插入pANDA35HK,构建了水稻卷窄叶突变相关基因OsCSLD4的干涉载体pANDAH05。利用农杆菌转化法将干涉载体pANDAH05及对照空载体pANDA35HK分别转化突变体原始亲本日本晴幼胚。转基因阳性植株表型观察结果显示:干涉载体pANDAH05转化日本晴幼胚后,T0代植株出现了类似于突变体1ah137的表型,叶片明显变窄,卷曲程度增加,株高降低;对照空载体pANDA35HK转化日本晴幼胚后,T0代植株仍保持野生型表型;Real-timePCR检测结果显示:日本晴转干涉载体pANDAH05后,目的基因表达量明显降低,干涉强度不同目的基因表达量降低程度不同,研究结果表明目的基因OsCSLD4在水稻叶片形态发育过程中起着非常重要的作用。     

水稻黄叶标记不育系的诱变选育及其应用

用300Gyγ射线辐照Ⅱ-32B干种子,在诱变后代筛选到全生育期黄叶突变体WYB,经多代连续回交转育,育成黄叶标记不育系黄玉A(B),并通过了浙江省科技成果鉴定。经考察,1.黄玉A(B)叶色为明显黄色,对生育进程也有显著影响,表现为植株较矮,稻穗较小,粒重较轻,单株产量较低等;2.遗传分析表明,该黄叶突变性状受一对隐性突变基因控制,且表达稳定,不易受环境影响;3.黄玉A的叶色突变对所配杂种无不良影响,表现为配合力强,所配组合“黄优C23”在金华市区试中产量位居首位,显示出良好的应用前景;4.应用该黄叶标记进行苗期纯度鉴定,不但方法简便、快速,其结果也与常用的国标法(GB/T3543.5-1995)鉴定结果相吻合。     

EFFECT OF APPLIED LIME AND BORON ON THE AVAILABILITY OF NUTRIENTS IN AN ACID SOIL

Productivity of resources on acid soils occupying one fourth of the total area in India is abysmally low. Lime is applied to such soils with the primary objective of increasing the productivity of crops by enhancing the availability of native and applied plant nutrients. Greenhouse pot experiments and laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of lime and boron (B) on the availability of nutrients in soils and their uptake by plants. The application of lime enhanced the available nitrogen (N,), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), and zinc (Zn) content in soils, which was reflected in their uptake by sunflower (Helianthus annus). On the contrary, availability of copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) in soil was reduced due to liming. Sunflower responded very well in terms of dry matter yield to B application to the extent of 175% and 188% under 1 and 2 mg kg^?1 applied levels of B, respectively. Dry matter yield of sunflower was reduced to the tune of 29.2 and 42.7% under 2/3 and 1 lime requirement (LR), respectively, over control. Lime application at 1/3 LR with 2 mg kg^?1 of applied B emerged as an optimum combination in acid soils.     

我国稻米整精米率特点及环境影响因素分析

为我国稻米整精米率的提高、品种品质的改善提供参考,本文对2002-2009年度全国稻米普查抽征的5574份稻谷样品的整精米率进行影响因素分析。结果表明,我国稻米整精米率年均值总体徘徊在55.0%,地域特点为北高南低;稻米整精米率与粒长、垩白粒率呈负相关性;地理位置、气候效益等环境因素对整精米率均有一定的影响。