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1.
Quality and elemental content of fruit from internal tree canopies were compared with those from external canopy positions in 4 citrus varieties: ‘Kinnow’ mandarin; ‘Redblush’ grapefruit; ‘Valencia’ orange; and ‘Lisbon’ lemon. Fruit weight, total juice per fruit, peel fresh and dry weight, and rind thickness of fruit from internal canopies of all 4 varieties were significantly higher compared with external fruit. Mandarin, grapefruit, and orange fruit from external canopies had higher soluble solids and specific gravity. Fruit from internal canopies of all varieties had generally higher peel concentrations (% dry weight) of N, P and K due to a dilution effect, while the opposite condition existed in mandarin when these elements were expressed on a percent fresh weight basis. Peel Mg and S from external fruit were higher in all varieties, expressed as percentages of either dry weight or fresh weight. Nitrogen content of mandarin and orange juice and Ca content of grapefruit and lemon juice from external fruit were significantly higher compared to those from internal canopy fruit. Elimination of fruit quality and mineral variations as a result of canopy positions is recommended by the means of cultural practices. 相似文献
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S. Paramasivam A. K. Alva K. H. Hostler G. W. Easterwood J. S. Southwell 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(3):313-327
Evaluation of nutrient accumulation trends in fruit during fruit development and nutrient status in the leaves are important components defining nutrient requirements. Such nutrient demand should be met by nutrient supply in order to develop optimal rate and timing of fertilizer application. In a 3‐year study the citrus (orange) varieties, ‘Valencia’, ‘Parson Brown’, ‘Hamlin’, and ‘Sunburst’ were fertilized with either 168, 224, or 280 kg N ha‐1 yr‐1 as a broadcast application of N:P:K dry soluble granular fertilizer. These rates did not significantly affect the fruit nutrient status, juice quality, or nutrients concentrations in the spring flush. The concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) in the fruit decreased with their enlargement during June through November. However, micronutrient concentrations in the fruits increased from June through August or September and then decreased. Fruit dry weight was greatest in ‘Valencia’ followed by ‘Hamlin’, ‘Parson Brown’, and ‘Sunburst’ varieties. Soluble solids concentration (SSC) were higher in ‘Valencia’ and ‘Sunburst’ fruit than in the other two varieties. Other juice quality parameters were not significantly different among the varieties. This study indicated non‐significant influence of fertilizer rates on concentrations of various mineral elements in 6‐month‐old spring flush with most of those concentrations within the optimal ranges. 相似文献
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Omid Askari-Khorasgani 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(17):2133-2150
Grape quality and its nutrient composition vary depending on agronomical management practices (fertilization, irrigation, weed, and pest control), and agrochemicals treatments (such as kaolin, hormones, and sucrose), viticultural (grape cultivars and varieties, training, pruning, cluster thinning, and trunk girdling), and biotechnological techniques, as well as growth stage and environmental changes (soil, climate, and season). Understanding the mentioned agro-biotechnological techniques assists grape growers and geneticists in breeding grapevines to improve yield, tolerance, quality, and nutraceutical values based on their usage purposes. Thus, this review article focuses on the up-to-date approaches and incentivizes further studies on the unknown mechanisms related to engineering grape flavonoid/phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathways to improve its health-promoting effects in both grape and human. The engineering/breeding strategies and viticultural practices have been proposed based on the grape usage purposes and environmental conditions. 相似文献
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Balsamo GM Cangahuala-Inocente GC Bertoldo JB Terenzi H Arisi AC 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(21):11553-11559
Profiling techniques have been suggested as a nontargeted approach to detect unintended effects in genetically modified (GM) plants. Seedlings from eight Brazilian maize varieties, four MON810 GM varieties and four non-GM isogenic varieties, were grown under controlled environmental conditions. Physiological parameters (aerial part weight, main leaf length, and chlorophyll and total protein contents) were compared, and some differences were observed. Nevertheless, these differences were not constant among all GM and non-GM counterparts. Leaf proteomic profiles were analyzed using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) coupled to mass spectrometry, using six 2DE gels per variety. The comparison between MON810 and its counterpart was limited to qualitative differences of fully reproducible protein spot patterns. Twelve exclusive proteins were observed in two of four maize variety pairs; all of these leaf proteins were variety specific. In this study, MON810 leaf proteomes of four varieties were similar to non-GM counterpart leaf proteomes. 相似文献
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A sand culture experiment was conducted to study the effect of saline water on the growth and fruit quality of processing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Seedlings of five tomato cultivars were transplanted in quartz‐sand pots in a greenhouse at the Agricultural Experiment Station of Sultan Qaboos University. There were four saline nutrient solutions and a control consisting of half‐strength Hoagland solution. Salinity treatments were: 50 raM NaCl + 3 mM K2SO4 (EC 6.75), 50 mM NaCl + 1.5 mM orthophosphoric acid (EC = 7.18), 50 mM NaCl + 1.5 mM orthophosphoric acid + 3 mM R2SO4 (EC 7.29), and 50 mM NaCL (EC = 5.6). Treatments were applied daily commencing two weeks after transplanting. Data were collected on growth, and fruit yield and quality. Partitioning of mineral elements was determined in the vegetative tissue. The results obtained clearly show that concentrations of total soluble solids were increased in fruits treated with saline nutrients. Dry matter content of fruits exposed to salinity were higher than those from the control plants. Fruit acidity was increased with salinity, possibly due to a lower water content and increased organic acid accumulation. In the saline treatments, sodium (Na) content was decreased when potassium (K) was applied with NaCl but Na was higher in stems followed by root and leaf tissues. The partitioning of K followed a trend opposite to that for Na but with higher content in leaves. A similar situation was observed for calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg). Accumulation of phosphorus (P) was the lowest among all the ions. These results indicated that survival under saline conditions was accompanied by high ion accumulation. The study confirmed that saline nutrients are important for improving fruit quality of processing tomatoes. 相似文献
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Plant mineral nutrient element status is an important factor influencing cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) growth, development, metabolism, and yield. A field study was conducted to determine changes in mineral nutrient element concentrations in leaves, bracts, and floral buds of field‐grown cotton plants during development of squares (floral bud with three bracts) as affected by fruiting position within the plant canopy. During square ontogeny, the nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) and potassium (K) concentrations of sympodial leaves and floral bracts decreased, whereas the calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) increased, and sulfur (S) concentration exhibited little change (leaves) or increased (bracts) with increasing square age. The N, P, Ca, and S concentrations in floral buds declined synchronously; K and Mg concentrations showed an increasing trend within the first 20 days, peaked at about 25‐day square age, and then sharply decreased three to five days before flowering. During square development, the effect of main‐stem node (MSN) and sympodial branch fruiting position in the plant canopy on mineral nutrient element concentrations of bracts was greater than on those of floral buds. Differences in the mineral nutrient element concentrations existed among the sympodial leaves, bracts, and floral buds. This study provides the patterns of mineral nutrient element concentrations in these plant tissues during the square development phase in relation to MSNs and branch fruiting positions in the cotton plant canopy. 相似文献
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不同大豆品种在养分吸收及产量上的比较 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
采用盆栽试验方法对红丰11等四个大豆品种吸收利用氮、磷、钾养分的能力进行了比较研究。结果表明,在施肥一致的条件下,不同大豆品种对养分的吸收利用能力不同,养分利用率也不同,导致产量的差异。以红丰11养分吸收量最多,表现产量最高。 相似文献
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苹果树冠不同部位叶片结构、内含物和模拟光合能力的比较 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6
以富士苹果(Malus domestica Borkh.cv.‘Fuji’)树冠不同部位叶片为试材,对其解剖结构、内含物和光合能力进行了比较研究。苹果叶片光合速率对小气候因子的响应是根据C3植物光合机理模型模拟,其中气孔导度由气孔的半机理模型模拟。结果表明,树冠中、上部叶片比下部叶片分别厚31.8%和37.0%,栅栏组织分别厚44.8%和62.7%;中、上部叶片的叶绿素含量比下部叶分别高18.0%和20.6%,可溶性糖分别高25.2%和38.8%,脯氨酸分别高11.7%和29.0%。树冠不同部位叶片光合能力差异和叶片结构及叶绿素等内含物差异一致。苹果叶片净光合速率的变化主要由光合有效辐射的变化引起,同时对CO2浓度的变化也非常敏感。模拟显示,从树冠上部到下部,叶片净光合总量晴天从约400mmol·m-2·d-1减少到130mmol·m-2·d-1,减少67%,阴天从约170mmol·m-2·d-1减少到22mmol·m-2·d-1,减少87%,叶片的最大光合速率相应减少67%。 相似文献
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荔枝花芽分化期叶片的光谱特征及其养分预测 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为实现荔枝营养状况的快速监测,提高荔枝的精细施肥管理水平,服务华南荔枝的高产优质安全生产,研究了广州白云区荔枝花芽分化期冠层高光谱4 种变化形式的特性,结果表明荔枝秋梢冠层叶片光谱具有植物光谱共性。结合试验测得的冠层叶片生化养分数据(全氮、全磷、叶绿素、有机碳)分别与光谱反射率这4种形式作相关性分析。选择最显著相关的波段进行曲线拟合,结果表明:叶绿素、有机碳含量的最佳光谱诊断敏感波段分别是反射率一阶导数的 1 562 nm (r=0.8944)、1 720 nm (r=0.7827),全氮、全磷的最佳光谱诊断敏感波段分别是倒数对数一阶导数的2 059 nm (r=0.8073),1 347 nm (r=0.7575);全氮、叶绿素、有机碳指数函数拟合最优(RMSE分别为0.002730, 0.008138和0.000416),全磷线性模型最优(RMSE=0.000336)。研究结果对华南精细荔枝果业的实施和果业环境保护都具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
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Ubeda C San-Juan F Concejero B Callejón RM Troncoso AM Morales ML Ferreira V Hernández-Orte P 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(24):6095-6102
This paper reports the determination of glycosidically bound aroma compounds and the olfactometric analysis in four strawberry varieties (Fuentepina, Camarosa, Candonga and Sabrina). Different hydrolytic strategies were also studied. The results showed significant differences between acid and enzymatic hydrolysis. In general terms, the greater the duration of acid hydrolysis, the higher was the content of norisoprenoids, volatile phenols, benzenes, lactones, Furaneol, and mesifurane. A total of 51 aglycones were identified, 38 of them unreported in strawberry. Olfactometric analyses revealed that the odorants with higher modified frequencies were Furaneol, γ-decalactone, ethyl butanoate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl 3-methylbutanoate, diacetyl, hexanoic acid, and (Z)-1,5-octadien-3-one. This last compound, described as geranium/green/pepper/lettuce (linear retention index = 1378), was identified for the first time. Differences with regard to fruity, sweet, floral, and green aroma characters were observed among varieties. In Candonga and Fuentepina, the green character overpowered the sweet. In the other two strawberry varieties sweet attributes were stronger than the rest. 相似文献
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Girma Abera 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2017,63(1):48-59
Crop production in Sub-Saharan Africa is primarily limited by soil fertility decline. In view of this, the fertilizer value of locally available organic materials (OMs) was assessed for their nutrient release to crop growth. Crop residues and farmyard manure (FYM) were evaluated along with mineral fertilizers to grow a test crop maize variety – Gibe 2. The maize allometric parameters, nutrient ratios (NRs), nutrient recovery (NRy) and mineral fertilizer equivalency (MFE) were used to assess the mineral fertilizer value (MFV) of OMs. MFE of OMs was estimated as the available mineral N and P out of the fraction of total nitrogen and phosphorus applied relative to mineral fertilizers supply. The results revealed that maize allometry, NRy and MFE were significantly influenced by fertilizer sources. OM amendment resulted in poor maize allometry and low NRy. Interestingly, MFE of OM amended ranged from ?201% with chickpea (CHP) residue to 63% with FYM. The results demonstrate that CHP has the poorest quality, while FYM is a good-quality OM as a fertilizer source. 相似文献
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矿质养分和激素对根毛生长发育的影响及作用机制 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
【目的】植物矿质养分和水分的吸收利用赖于根系,根系中根毛的生长发育不仅扩大了根系吸收表面积,促进了矿质养分和水分的吸收还有助于植物根的固定以及与土壤微生物的互作。本文从矿质养分角度(氮、 磷、 钾、 钙、 铁)和激素角度(生长素、 乙烯、 茉莉酸、 独脚金内酯、 油菜素内酯)探讨影响根毛生长发育的因子及作用机理。【主要进展】氮对根毛生长发育的影响与茉莉酸和乙烯有关, 磷与生长素、 乙烯、 独脚金内酯互作调控根毛生长发育;生长素和乙烯以交互作用调控根毛生长发育,茉莉酸、 独角金内酯和油菜素甾醇对根毛生长发育的作用是部分依赖生长素或乙烯途径;植物体内生长素和乙烯等激素的平衡对根毛的生长发育起着重要作用。【建议和展望】基于以上分析,从蛋白激酶及其相关调控基因及转录因子等方面可深入探析矿质养分、 植物激素等对根毛和丛枝菌根生长发育的影响。 相似文献
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评价4个茶树品种的氟吸收富集能力差异,为有效降低茶叶中氟含量和茶叶生产中推广低氟品种提供参考依据。以前期初选出的4个不同氟含量茶树品种的一年生无性系茶苗为材料,采用溶液培养的方法,研究各品种的短期吸收动力学参数差异、 氟吸收累积动态及累积能力差异。结果表明,在低氟浓度生长环境下,茶树对氟的吸收符合Michaelis-Menten动力学方程Vi=VmaxCi/(Km+Ci)描述,表现出主动吸收过程,茶树各部位对氟的吸收累积能力表现为成熟叶根茎; 随着氟浓度的增加,茶树对氟的吸收逐渐表现出了明显的被动吸收现象。茶树各部位对氟的吸收累积能力表现为成熟叶茎根;中茶102品种对氟的吸收累积能力及对氟的耐受性与中茶108相比有较大的差异,中茶108对氟具有比较稳定的低吸收累积特性,而中茶102则对氟表现出了较强的吸收累积特性,龙井43与乌牛早则介于两者之间。中茶108具有稳定的低氟吸收累积特性,可以作为低氟品种推广。 相似文献
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García-González DL Romero N Aparicio R 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2010,58(24):12899-12905
Olive tree varieties that were cultivated only in the Mediterranean basin a few decades ago are now planted in the Southern Hemisphere as well. The chemical composition of the oils produced in countries as far distant as Spain and Chile are affected by differences in latitude and climate. In this work, seven monovarietal virgin olive oils from Chile (Arbequina, Barnea, Frantoio, Koroneiki, Leccino, Manzanilla and Picual) have been characterized by the chemical compounds responsible for taste (phenols) and aroma (volatiles). The oils were produced in five regions of Chile, and the concentration values of some chemical compounds were related to the geographical location of the olive tree orchards. Virgin olive oils from the major cultivars, Arbequina and Picual, were characterized in comparison with the same monovarietal oils produced in Spain. The concentration values of fourteen volatile compounds showed significant differences (p < 0.05) between the oils produced in Spain and Chile. Concerning the phenol composition, main differences were found on the secoiridoids derivatives of oleuropein and ligstroside, apigenin and luteolin. 相似文献
18.
Chemometrical characterization of four italian rice varieties based on genetic and chemical analyses
Brandolini V Coïsson JD Tedeschi P Barile D Cereti E Maietti A Vecchiati G Martelli A Arlorio M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(26):9985-9991
This paper describes a method for achieving qualitative identification of four rice varieties from two different Italian regions. To estimate the presence of genetic diversity among the four rice varieties, we used polymerase chain reaction-randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (PCR-RAPD) markers, and to elucidate whether a relationship exists between the ground and the specific characteristics of the product, we studied proximate composition, fatty acid composition, mineral content, and total antioxidant capacity. Using principal component analysis on genomic and compositional data, we were able to classify rice samples according to their variety and their district of production. This work also examined the discrimination ability of different parameters. It was found that genomic data give the best discrimination based on varieties, indicating that RAPD assays could be useful in discriminating among closely related species, while compositional analyses do not depend on the genetic characters only but are related to the production area. 相似文献
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以4个短季棉品种(中棉所50、鲁棉研35、邯686、豫早棉9110)为材料,研究了早播(4月25日播种,密度设置为52 500株/hm2)与正常播期(5月15日播种,密度设置为75 000株/hm2)条件下的子棉产量、皮棉产量及养分利用效率,结果表明:早播对短季棉品种的生育期无显著影响,早播条件下,短季棉品种的子棉产量、皮棉产量、衣分均高于正常播期,生物量、每100 kg皮棉产量氮、磷、钾吸收量低于正常播期,氮、磷、钾养分利用效率高于正常播期。本试验条件下,早播提高了短季棉品种氮、磷、钾养分利用效率,从而提高了子棉、皮棉产量。 相似文献
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Allen V. Barker Md J. Meagy Touria E. Eaton Emad Jahanzad Gretchen Bryson 《Journal of plant nutrition》2019,42(8):928-941
Depleted soil fertility and high-yielding cultivars have been associated with low nutrient contents in vegetables. This study explored if elemental nutrient concentrations in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) can be increased through selection of cultivars and nutritional regimes. Cultivars with different phenotypes of heirloom and modern origins were studied in field experiments in two years. Chemical fertilizer (10-10-10), compost, and an organic fertility regime of soybean meal, bone meal, and potassium sulfate were assessed for their effects on growth and composition of fruits of the cultivars. Differences in nutrient concentrations between modern or heirloom cultivars or among fertility treatments were small or non-significant. Differences among individual cultivars for each element were large with some cultivars having nearly twice the concentrations of nutrients of others and with considerable uniformity in cultivar rankings among the elements. This work suggests that cultivars can be selected for production of nutrient-dense tomatoes. 相似文献