Standardization of Potting Mix and Pot Volume for the Production of Vegetable Seedlings in Paper Pot

Effect of four different proportions of farmyard manure (FYM) in a soil based mix and three different pot volumes on growth of tomato, eggplant and chili peppers in paper pots were studied. Recycled newspaper (density 50 g m^?2) was used to prepare pots of volume 45, 82, and 126 cm³. Potting mixes made up of FYM, sand and soil with the FYM proportion ranging from 20% to 80% in equal proportion of sand and top soil were used. Seedling height and dry weight were measured at the end of the seedling stage. The best combination of potting mix and pot volume for the large scale production of seedlings was identified using non-dominated sorting technique. Paper pots of volume 82 cm³ filled with a mix of 80% FYM and rest 20% with equal proportions of sand and top soil were found to be the best option for the large scale production of paper pot seedlings.     

油菜移栽机分苗装置分苗过程与钵苗钵体完整性分析

针对部分分苗装置适应性差、钵体易破损及结构复杂的问题,提出一种输送带式钵苗分苗装置,构建了分苗过程中送苗与分苗阶段的运动学模型,开展了不同挤压方式下的钵体完整性试验,分析得出了输送平稳、钵体完整的条件。结果表明:钵苗在特定基质成份及含水率前提下钵体上边缘最小屈服力为6.8 N,钵体上边缘及侧面受重复挤压力时均有较好的恢复性。钵苗送苗阶段输送平稳性与摩擦系数关系较大,完整性与钵苗自身的屈服力和挤压力有关;钵体在分苗阶段满足完整性前提下,夹持力越大,夹持高度越低,钵苗稳定性越好。分苗合页的动摩擦系数μ1≤0.3375,输送带的动摩擦系数μ2满足0.5μ1μ2≤0.3375,钵苗抗挤压破损力大于1.99 N时,油菜钵苗在送苗阶段可平稳输送且保持完整。该研究为油菜钵苗移栽机结构改进提供了参考。     

基于苗钵力学特性的自动移栽机执行机构参数优化试验

为有效减少加工番茄机械化移栽过程钵苗基质的损伤,提高移栽机取苗、植苗成功率,该文构建了移栽过程中取苗、植苗阶段加工番茄钵体的力学模型,结合钵体的抗压力学特性试验,研究移栽过程中造成钵苗基质破损、影响取苗、植苗成功率的因素,通过试验分析适合机械化移栽的钵体和移栽机执行机构的相关参数。参数组合重复性验证试验表明：钵体基质配比（珍珠岩：砾石：泥炭）为1∶1∶2,钵体绝对含水率为72%,取苗夹片插入穴孔深度为35 mm,取苗夹片对钵体的夹持角度为14°,投苗点与接苗碰撞点高度为90 mm,鸭嘴锥度为38°时,移栽成功率满足加工番茄穴盘苗机械移栽要求。该研究为机械化移栽的加工番茄钵苗培育农艺及移栽机参数优化设计提供了参考。     

奶牛粪蚯蚓堆肥的基质配方及对草莓育苗的影响

将奶牛粪蚯蚓堆肥与泥炭、珍珠岩和蛭石按不同比例进行复配,然后进行草莓育苗生长试验,通过分析草莓生长情况,筛选出适合草莓育苗的最佳基质配方。结果表明,复配后育苗基质的理化性质优良,适合草莓生长。与常规基质相比,添加不同量蚯蚓堆肥的育苗基质均不同程度促进了草莓母株和一级子苗的生长(除蚯蚓堆肥完全替代泥炭处理外),随着蚯蚓堆肥比例的增加,草莓植株生长情况表现为先上升后下降的趋势。所有处理中,以蚯蚓堆肥占育苗基质物料总体积1/3的配比处理(替代50%的泥炭)的综合效果最好,较常规基质能显著提高草莓母株和一级子苗的品质,母株的株高、生物量、根系形态指标、相对叶绿素含量(SPAD值)和过氧化物酶活性,以及一级子苗功能叶的叶柄长、叶面积和SPAD值等,该配方可推荐用于架式草莓工厂化育苗生产。     

Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Seedlings Grown in Soils Amended with Electroplating Industrial Sludge

A glasshouse study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of lime-treated (0, 0.5, and 1%) industrial sludge amendments (10 and 20%) on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedling growth and heavy metal accumulation in soils as well as in wheat seedlings. Industrial sludge–amended soil samples were filled in earthen pots (2 kg pot^?1) one week before planting and 7-day-old seedlings were transplanted in pots (3/pot) and were kept in a glasshouse. Diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA)-extractable metals and metals in seedlings increase with increasing doses of industrial sludge. Biomass and growth have been found to increase with increasing rates of sludge. It also enhanced heavy metal concentrations in wheat seedlings and followed the trend zinc (Zn) > lead (Pb) > copper (Cu) > cadmium (Cd). Lime enhanced the biomass and reduced the heavy metal concentrations in wheat seedlings. Although 20% treatments in both soils showed a significant enhancement in shoot length, metals like Pb reached beyond permissible limits.     

Earthworm-Processed Organic Wastes as Components Of Horticultural Potting Media for Growing Marigold and Vegetable Seedlings

We germinated and grew tomato, pepper, lettuce, and marigold seedlings in a standard commercial soilless plant growth medium (Metro-Mix 360), and in coir/perlite and peat/perlite-based container media substituted with 10% or 20%, by volume, of vermicompost derived from pig manure or food wastes. Half of the treatments were watered with liquid inorganic fertilizer while the other half received only water. Germination rates of tomato, pepper, lettuce, and marigold seeds in the coir/perlite mixture did not differ significantly from that in Metro-Mix 360. However, the germination rate of tomato, pepper and lettuce seedlings was very low in the peat/perlite mixture. Substituting some of the peat/perlite mixtures with equal amounts of vermicomposts, particularly pig manure vermicompost, enhanced germination rates greatly, making it comparable to that in the commercial medium (Metro-Mix 360). Pepper, lettuce, and marigold seedlings grown in Metro-Mix 360, which already contains a starter nutrient fertilizer in its formulation, had greater root and shoot dry weights than those grown in the control media (coir/perlite mix and peat/perlite mix). Substituting coir/perlite and peat/perlite mixtures with 10% or 20% of either vermicompost enhanced the growth of seedlings significantly, resulting in an overall plant growth as good as and sometimes better than that in Metro-Mix 360. When the plants were provided daily with a complete fertilizer solution, marigold seedlings in peat-based substrate with 20% pig waste vermicompost, and lettuce seedlings in both coir and peat-based substrates, mixed with 20% food wastes vermicompost, produced greater shoot dry weights than those grown in the commercial potting medium. The growth enhancements tended to be greater in peat/perlite-based mixes than in coir/perlite-based mixes, more so with the addition of pig manure vermicompost than with food waste vermicompost. Earthworm-processed pig manure and food wastes would be suitable materials for inclusion into the formulation of soilless potting media, since substitution of these media with relatively low concentrations of vermicomposts can promote plant growth.     

高温处理与添加物料对蚓粪基质培育辣椒壮苗的影响

蚓粪是蚯蚓处理有机固体废弃物的产物,具备替代泥炭作为蔬菜育苗基质材料的优良性质。蚓粪高温处理（120℃）后加入蛭石、 尿素等物料复配成育苗基质,通过温室育苗和室内分析的手段,分析蚓粪中活性有机物和GA3、 IAA的含量变化以及蚓粪基质培育辣椒幼苗的系统发育特征。结果表明, 蚓粪高温处理过程增加了蚓粪中GA3含量,使活性有机物裂解成具有相同母核类极性更大的水溶性衍生物。无论是否高温处理,蚓粪育苗基质都有利于辣椒幼苗茎粗、 株高、 展宽、 叶片数、 根长、 根表面积、 根体积、 根尖数、 鲜（干）重和壮苗指数的提高,但会导致辣椒幼苗叶片叶绿素含量的减小。蚓粪添加蛭石和高温处理后育苗能够增大辣椒幼苗根直径。高温处理蚓粪中添加蛭石（蚓粪∶蛭石=4∶1,V∶V）和尿素（0.50 kg/m3）有利于提高辣椒幼苗成苗率,增加鲜干物质累积,促进茎叶和根系的系统发育,增大壮苗指数。可见,蚓粪高温处理后与蛭石按4∶1体积比均匀混合后用于辣椒育苗,最能提升辣椒幼苗的各项指标,形成壮苗。     

蚯蚓堆肥用作苹果育苗基质的应用研究

本研究采用穴盘栽培的方式,以不同比例的蚯蚓堆肥替代草炭调配育苗基质配方,用于苹果的育苗效果研究,通过比较苹果苗生长状况,以为蚯蚓堆肥在果树育苗上的应用提供参考。试验设置4个处理,包括传统草炭基质处理(对照)、蚯蚓堆肥25%、50%、100%替代草炭基质处理,对苹果苗的株高、茎粗、叶片光合色素含量、壮苗指数、根系形态和根系活力指标进行测定和分析。结果发现:与对照相比,蚯蚓堆肥不同比例替代草炭(25%、50%、100%)均能够增加苹果苗的地上生物量,以全替代(100%)的效果最为显著,全替代处理下苹果苗的存活率提高了15%,根系长度、根表面积、根体积、根尖数、根干重和根系活力分别增加了23.40%、47.61%、5.88%、38.57%、20.17%、228.75%。因此,蚯蚓堆肥可以全替代草炭用作苹果苗的育苗基质,且不仅能够降低成本,还可以促进农业废弃物的循环转化,降低环境风险。     

Effects of Adding Nitrogen to Vermicompost on Tomato Seedlings Under Greenhouse Conditions

Vermicompost, a byproduct of earthworm digestion of organic solid waste is receiving attention as a peat substitute in the production of plug seedling media. We aimed to test the effects of adding nitrogen to vermicompost on the morphological development of tomato seedlings. Nursery experiments on tomato seedlings were carried out in the greenhouse. Urea at 0.00 kg/m³, 0.25 kg/m³, 0.50 kg/m³, and 1.00 kg/m³ was added to vermicompost and to the vermicompost-vermiculite (at a volume ratio of 4:1) mixture. Results showed that (1) Nitrogen application at different rates to the vermicompost significantly increased the strong seedling index (SSI) at the middle (T1) and late (T2) seedling growth stages. Besides, nitrogen application significantly increased concentrations of available nitrogen (available-N) at the beginning of seedling cultivation (T0) and nitrate nitrogen (NO₃^?-N) at T2 in vermicompost. (2) Adding nitrogen to vermicompost significantly increased the number of root tips at T1 and T2 and the root volume at T2. And it significantly decreased the electrical conductivity (EC), total N (TN), available N, ammonium N (NH₄⁺-N), and NO₃^?-N at T1 and T2. (3) Adding nitrogen to the vermicompost-vermiculite mixture significantly increased the root/shoot ratio, and SSI at T1 and T2. And it significantly increased the pH and reduced the EC at T1 and the available-N, NH₄⁺-N, and NO₃^?-N at T2. In short, adding nitrogen (0.5～1.0 kg/m³ urea) to vermicompost improved the shoot and root morphological development of tomato seedlings, as well as the biomass accumulation and allocation. Adding nitrogen to the vermicompost-vermiculite mixture further promoted the development of tomato seedlings.     

旱地蔬菜钵苗自动移栽机栽植性能试验

为了提高蔬菜苗机械化移栽作业效率,实现旱地蔬菜钵体苗移栽自动化,研制了旱地蔬菜钵苗自动移栽机,主要由椭圆-不完全非圆齿轮行星系旋转式取苗机构、横向纵向间歇送苗机构、偏心圆盘吊杯式栽植器、动力传递系统等组成。为了获得该机的作业性能,以苗龄35 d的钵体番茄苗为移栽对象,分别在栽植频率45、60、75、84株/min时进行低速移栽试验,以96株/min的栽植频率进行高速移栽试验,按照机械行业标准JB/T 10291-2013《旱地栽植机械》测定了株距变异系数、漏栽率、栽植深度合格率、栽植合格率,参照农业行业标准NY/T 1924-2010《油菜移栽机质量评价技术规范》测定了直立度合格率。田间试验结果表明,在栽植频率为45~96株/min范围内,株距变异系数、漏栽率随栽植频率增加而略有增大,其平均值分别为6.6%~8.9%、1.7%~2.8%,栽植深度合格率、直立度合格率、栽植合格率随栽植频率增加略有下降,其平均值分别为97.5%~98.9%、96.7%~97.8%、91.1%~94.7%,株距变异系数、漏栽率、栽植深度合格率、栽植合格率均达到机械行业标准要求,直立度合格率也达到农业行业标准中的规定值。旱地蔬菜钵苗自动移栽机送苗机构、取苗机构、栽植器、整机行走配合协调,能够自动完成送苗、取苗、植苗、覆土等钵苗体移栽工序,作业性能良好。     

顶出托举式钵苗脱盘装置设计与试验

针对现有自动取苗装置作业过程中出现苗体受损、钵体开裂、基质损失率高等问题,该研究设计了一种适应活动苗盘的托举式钵苗脱盘装置。设计了具有纵向、横向及竖直方向定位功能的苗盘三维定位机构和具有苗盘开启与钵苗托举功能的开启-托举机构,并设计了脱盘装置的PLC控制系统。为验证钵苗脱盘装置的作业效果,选取托举速度、端面类型及基质含水率为试验因素,以钵苗在托举台端面上的位置合格率和脱盘过程中钵体基质损失率为评价指标,以16穴活动苗盘模型培育的35 d苗龄油菜钵苗为对象,采用L9(34)正交表设计试验方案进行台架试验。试验结果表明,各因素对钵苗位置合格率和钵苗基质损失率影响的主次顺序依次为托举台端面类型、托举速度、基质含水率;试验获得影响因素的最优组合为托举速度32 mm/s、托举台端面为橡胶面、基质含水率55%。基于优选参数组合进行重复性验证试验,结果表明,钵苗脱盘后托举台端面上的位置合格率为100%,基质损失率为1.56%,满足实际作业需要。该研究可为钵苗自动移栽机取苗机构的研发提供参考。     

子叶期钵苗补苗末端执行器设计与试验

针对穴盘育苗由于受种子质量和育苗环境因素等影响导致空穴多的问题,为消除穴盘苗空穴,该文研制了蔬菜子叶期钵体苗补苗末端执行器。以72孔标准穴盘培育的子叶期番茄钵体苗为移取对象,以育苗基质配比与含水率、苗龄为因素,以子叶期钵体苗补苗末端执行器从穴孔取出基质的取净率为指标,进行了正交试验,结果表明:幼苗苗龄、基质配比对基质取净率影响显著,基质含水率对基质取净率影响不显著,对常见的基质配比、适宜基质含水率、苗龄16-26 d的穴盘苗基本均能完整、无损地取出,基质取净率最大的较优组合苗龄为26 d、基质配比2∶2∶1、基质含水率74.1%;对苗龄26 d、基质配比2∶2∶1、基质平均含水率75.5%的番茄钵体苗进行取苗、补苗试验,取出无苗基质和钵体苗的成功率均为100%,补苗成功率为100%,为子叶期蔬菜钵体苗补苗提供了性能优良的末端执行器。     

全自动玉米秧苗移栽机的研制与试验

为了克服人工移栽劳动强度大、作业效率低、移栽质量差的缺点,该文研制了一种全自动玉米秧苗移栽机。设计了全液压驱动系统和以PLC为核心模块的自动控制快速上秧装置,可实现整册纸筒自动取苗,数字识别无苗纸筒并剔除,有苗纸筒带式水平和针刺带垂直输送,夹持圆盘可完成零速投苗栽植。该机与破茬开沟、垄型整理、滤水覆土有机结合,可完成全部移栽过程。田间试验结果表明,当机组前进速度为2.5~3.0 km/h、理论株距为22 cm时,移栽深度合格率为87.5%,株距合格率为93.2%,苗株直立度合格率为91.2%,能够满足玉米纸筒苗移栽的农艺要求。该机是实施玉米纸筒秧苗移栽新型农艺技术的机械化载体,可显著提高玉米纸筒秧苗移栽作业的标准化、机械化和自动化程度。     

顶钵-夹茎组合式取苗装置设计与试验

针对现有钵苗自动移栽技术中,夹钵式取苗方式受钵体强度及盘根性差异影响易导致钵体破损,降低取苗成功率,夹茎式取苗方式受茎秆强度及钵体与穴盘之间黏附力影响易造成伤苗、钵体不能取出等问题,该研究提出了一种顶钵-夹茎组合取苗方式,并进行了结构设计、装置试制与试验优化。对辣椒穴盘苗茎秆和钵体力学特性进行了测试,得到茎秆拉伸和径向压缩力学特性,及钵体拉拔与压缩力学特性,并建立了顶钵-夹茎组合式取苗装置在顶与夹过程中钵体和茎秆的受力模型,对取苗装置关键参数进行了设计。搭建试验台架,以“中农绿亨线椒363”穴盘苗为对象,以钵体含水率、取苗频率和顶钵高度为影响因素开展正交试验,结果表明经顶钵-夹茎取苗后的穴盘苗生长状态良好,确定最优水平为含水率45%,取苗频率60株/min,顶钵高度10 mm,该条件下钵体破损率为1.98%,取苗成功率为98%。田间试验表明平均取苗成功率为93.05%,株距合格率为88.17%。研究可为辣椒、番茄等旱地作物穴盘苗移栽技术改进优化提供参考。     

IMPROVEMENT OF SCREENING FOR MANGANESE EFFICIENCY BY PRODUCING SEED WITH SIMILAR MANGANESE CONTENT IN DIFFERENT GENOTYPES AND GENETIC STOCKS

ABSTRACT

Genetic improvement of manganese efficiency of crops demands a precise bioassay that avoids the confounding effect of seed manganese on the bioassay for the trait, for a proper comparison of the genotypes the seed manganese content must be similar. Variation in seed manganese can be minimized by the addition of manganese to individual seeds to be planted providing the effect of seed manganese content on early growth and development for the chosen genotype has been determined. It was hypothesized that growing the plants as mono-culms in very small pots under subclinical manganese deficiency would limit grain yield and yield attribute among genotypes, resulting in seed with less variation in manganese content across genotypes. The effect on yield and components of soil fertility ranging from University of California (UC) potting mix, fortified with Osmocote, to 100% manganese-deficient calcareous sand from Wangary, South Australia (Psamment) was determined for 20 bread wheat genotypes and breeding lines. It was observed that a mix of 70% UC and 30% Calcareous Wangary sand from South Australia in small pots minimized variation in grain yield and its components (number of tillers, number of seeds/head, weight of seed) and also lowered variation in seed manganese content among wheat genotypes. This was confirmed in pots of 70/30 UC-sand mix for five bread wheat cultivars, Worrakatta, Barunga, Schomburg, Excalibur, and Frame. The pot results from three replicates were compared with field results for the same genotypes grown at five randomly selected wheat-growing areas in South Australia: Paskeville, Geranium, Minnipa, Nunji, and Cummins. The variation in seed manganese content across genotypes was much less in pot grown seed.

Aneuploid stocks (D-genome diosomic substitution lines) normally have highly variable seed size. Production of seed with similar manganese content was only feasible by growing the seed under multiple levels of soil manganese supply and after analysis selecting seeds with similar manganese content among the various manganese treatments. The effect of aneuploidy on seedling vigor, root growth, seed size and agronomic performance has been reported elsewhere. The effect on seed manganese content and the genetic analysis of micronutrient (manganese) efficiency were determined in the current study.     

蔬菜穴盘育苗播种漏播检测及智能补种装置设计与试验

为保证植物工厂蔬菜穴盘育苗高质量作业要求,该研究在气吸滚筒式蔬菜穴盘育苗精密播种器的基础上,优化设计了在线漏播检测与智能补种装置,以可编程逻辑控制器（programmable logic controller, PLC）为控制核心,实时进行播种器吸孔漏吸检测及穴盘穴孔漏播位置预报,并完成漏播穴孔的定点定穴补种。采用光电检测技术检测播种器吸孔漏吸位置,构建漏吸吸孔与育苗穴盘穴孔的对应动态补种矩阵,实现穴盘穴孔漏播位置精准预报;优化设计了智能补种装置,根据预报的穴盘穴孔漏播位置实现定点定穴精准补种。以中双11号菜心种子为对象,开展播种器吸孔漏吸检测与穴孔漏播位置预报试验,得到吸孔漏吸平均检测准确率为98.82%,穴孔漏播位置预报准确率为100%。采用Box-Behnken试验设计方法,对智能补种装置开展作业性能试验,构建主要性能指标（单粒合格指数、重播指数和漏播指数）与主要影响因素（吸针负压、吸针孔径和种室振动压力）的关系,并进行多目标优化,确定智能补种装置最优工作参数组合为吸针负压10.19 kPa、吸针孔径0.67 mm、种室振动压力0.07 MPa,此时补种装置播种的平均单粒合格指数...     

纸及秸秆基可降解营养钵的降解性能试验

选取纸质、不腐熟秸秆和腐熟秸秆3种生物基可降解营养钵,对其降解率、分子结构及结晶度进行分析。通过土埋降解试验、红外图谱分析及X射线衍射分析,对比研究不同类型生物基可降解营养钵的降解特性。结果表明,纸质营养钵降解率最终高达85%,降解效果最好。不腐熟秸秆营养钵的降解率为78%,大于腐熟秸秆营养钵的降解率47%。降解试验前后对比发现,生物基营养钵的红外吸收峰强度均不同程度的降低,分子结构发生变化,3340和2920 cm-1处吸收峰强度降低说明纤维素、半纤维素发生降解,1650 cm-1处的吸收峰降低说明木质素发生降解。经8周降解试验,纸质营养钵X射线衍射峰变化明显,强度明显降低,降解效果较好,不腐熟秸秆营养钵和腐熟秸秆营养钵在2θ=27°均出现新的衍射峰,晶型发生变化。生物基可降解营养钵降解性能优异,可有效改善环境污染问题。     

Microbial recolonization and suppression of Rhizoctonia solani in a bedding-plant potting mix amended with recycled mix before aerated-steam treatment

Summary Some South Australian bedding-plant nurseries add recycled potting mix to fresh potting mix before aerated-steam treatment in an attempt to decrease fungal root diseases. To test the hypothesis that this addition of recycled potting mix affects microbial colonization and, consequently, the disease-suppressiveness of mixes treated with aerated steam, recycled potting mix was added to or withheld from fresh potting mix. The mixes were then treated with aerated steam at 60°C for 35 min or not treated. Their recolonization by actinomycetes, heat-resistant organisms, pseudomonads, and fungi was followed for 25 days. The addition of recycled potting mix frequently increased the numbers of actinomycetes and heat-resistant microbes recovered from the mixes, whether treated with steam or not, but decreased the numbers of aerobic bacteria. Fungal populations were rarely influenced by the addition of recycled potting mix. Pseudomonad populations dropped to undetectable levels after the aerated-steam treatment and failed to reach levels comparable to those in treatments without steam during the next 25 days. Organisms from each group were tested for in vitro antagonism to Rhizoctonia solani Kühn (AG-8). The proportion of inhibitory organisms varied with the microbial group, the mix treatment, and the time since mix treatment. Where aerated-steam treatment was applied, the addition of recycled potting mix rarely affected the development of Rhizoctonia disease symptoms on seedlings of Celosia argentea. The potential for improving the suppressiveness of aerated-steam-treated nursery mixes via microbial inoculation is discussed.     

Effect of vermicompost on some morphological,physiological and biochemical traits of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under salinity stress

Vermicompost can play an effective role in plant growth and development and also in reducing harmful effects of various environmental stresses on plants due to its porous structure, high water storage capacity, having hormone-like substances and plant growth regulators and also high levels of macro and micro nutrients. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of vermicompost and salinity interactions on some morphological and physiological features and concentration of mineral elements of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Light Red Kidney) cultivar. A factorial experimental with five different volumetric ratios of vermicompost and sand, including to: 0:100; 10:90; 25:75; 50:50 and 75:25 and four levels of salinity [20, 40, 60 and 80 mmol l^?1 sodium chloride (NaCl)], and control was conducted base on Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Bean seeds were sowed in plastic pots, the seedlings being sampled 42 days old (flowering stage).The results showed that vermicompost had significant effect on all studied traits under stress and non-stress (p ≤ 0.05).In this experiment, the vermicompost significantly increased the photosynthetic rate and concentrations of potassium (K⁺) and calcium (Ca²)⁺in leaf and root tissues. In salinity levels of 20, 40 and 60 mmol l^?1NaCl, all subjected ratios of vermicompost and in 80 mmol l^?1NaCl the ratios of 10% and 75% vermicompost, significantly ameliorated negative effects of salinity. In both stress and non-stress conditions, using 10% volume of vermicompost is recommended to improve the growth of bean plants.     

柑橘育苗钵装填转运机设计与试验

目前国内柑橘育苗钵装填转运基本靠人工作业,生产效率低下。为了解决这一问题,该研究提出了一种可一次装填105钵的间歇式柑橘育苗钵机械装填转运机,采用EDEM对装填转运机基质分流过程进行分析,确定了基质分流部件分流板偏移量及高度的最佳参数组合,设计了卸料机构的连杆传动方案,计算了各杆长度,分析了车架结构的强度,确定了车架结构的尺寸参数,并设计了整机的控制电路。加工试验样机,在搅拌机设定转速下,重复装填转运试验10次。试验结果表明,样机运行稳定,单次基质装填平均量330.5 kg,单次装填钵数105钵,平均装填时间约60 s,转运装置行走速度可达1.2 m/s,苗钵卸载下落可靠,排列整齐;单个育苗钵的平均最大装填量3.23 kg,最小装填量3.03kg,平均装填量3.15 kg。样机结构设计合理,装填效率高,能够实现均匀装填、稳定转运的作业要求。研究结果可为后续柑橘苗钵装填转运设备的研制和优化提供参考。