YIELD AND GROWTH RESPONSE OF STRAWBERRY TO PLANT GROWTH-PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA INOCULATION

This study was conducted to examine the effect of inoculation of plant growth-promotion Rhizobacteria (PGPR) on phenological data, total yield and fruit quality characteristics of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch) cv. ‘Fern’ during 2006 and 2007. All bacterial root inoculations significantly increased yield per plant (1.98–20.85%), average fruit weight (3.05–19.26%) and first quality fruit ratio (10.30–32.05%) compared to control, whereas the bacterial inoculations did not affect leaf area, first flowering and harvest dates in strawberry cv. ‘Fern’. The bacteria also increased soluble solid content (SSC) and vitamin C in strawberry cv. ‘Fern’. The vitamin C contents of fruits ranged from 47.41 mg 100 g^?1 (control) to 53.88 mg 100 g^?1 (RC05), while SSC values varied between 10.16% (control) and 12.83% (RC01). Results of this study show that RC19 (Bacillus simplex), RC05 (Paenibacillus polymyxa), and RC23 (Bacillus spp.) have the potential to increase the yield and growth of strawberries.     

RESPONSE OF LISIANTHUS TO IRRIGATION WITH SALINE WATER: ION RELATIONS

Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn. (lisianthus) is a moderately salt tolerant species that can be produced commercially under irrigation with saline wastewaters prevalent in two salt-affected areas of California. The objective of the present studies was to determine the effect of irrigation with saline waters of two different compositions on the ion accumulation and ion relations of lisianthus ‘Pure White’ and ‘Echo Blue’. The ionic composition of irrigation waters simulated the compositions typical of i) seawater dilutions (SWD) and ii) concentrations of Colorado River water (CCRW). Electrical conductivities (EC) of SWD and CCRW were between 2 and 12 dS · m^?1. Plants irrigated with CCRW were higher in Ca²⁺ compared to plants irrigated with SWD water. Calcium was also higher in ‘Pure White’ than in ‘Echo Blue’. Increasing EC of irrigation water caused a significant decrease in shoot and leaf Ca²⁺ concentration in ‘Echo Blue’, but had no effect on Ca²⁺ content of ‘Pure White’ shoots and leaves. Magnesium concentration in ‘Echo Blue’ was higher than in ‘Pure White’. Electrical conductivity did not significantly affect Mg²⁺ concentration of either cultivar, despite the increasingly higher external concentration. Potassium concentration of young and mature leaves of ‘Echo Blue’ increased as EC increased from 2 to 8 dS · m^?1, then decreased significantly once EC exceeded 8 dS · m^?1. Potassium concentration of ‘Pure White’ leaves decreased over the range of salinity treatments tested, suggesting that the reduced potassium ion (K⁺) activity at EC levels of 8 dS · m^?1, or less, that resulted in lower leaf?K⁺ in ‘Pure White’ did not cause a decrease in K⁺ uptake in ‘Echo Blue’. Increases in external Na⁺ caused a significant increase in Na⁺ in ‘Pure White’ leaves and these plants exhibited the best growth even when levels of Na⁺ were high enough to be considered detrimental for growth.     

MAIZE RESPONSE TO YIELD AND YIELD TRAITS WITH DIFFERENT NITROGEN AND DENSITY UNDER CLIMATE VARIABILITY

To study yield and yield traits of maize, two experiments were conducted in 2006 as spring and summer crops and repeated in 2007. Three plant populations (43, 53, and 67 thousands ha^-1) and three nitrogen (N) rates (90, 120 and 150 kg N ha^-1) were compared in a completely randomized block design with split plot arrangement. The treatments plant population was assigned to the main and N to sub plots in three replications. Sowing of spring crop was done in March and harvested in July and likewise the summer crop in July and harvested in November. Each experimental unit comprised of 5 × 6 m area having eight rows spaced 0.75 m. Experimental results revealed that grain yield (GY) of summer was higher than spring season. Higher GY was associated with increases in the plant population and nitrogen rate. The treatment plant population of 53,000 and 67,000 ha^-1 did not differ. However, each increase in the N rate significantly increased GY. This increase in the GY by increasing N was due to increases in the ear length (EL), ear diameter (ED), grain number (GN) and thousand grain weight (TGW). Increasing plant population of maize did not show any remarkable changes in the yield traits. The study revealed that differences in GY due to seasonal climate cannot be rewarded with increase in either plant population or nitrogen rates. Moreover, spring and summer season maize crops can economically be planted with 150 and 120 kg N ha^?1 at 53,000 and 67,000 ha^?1 populations, respectively, to save environment and production cost.     

红壤性水稻土施肥的产量效应及与气候、地力的关系

以23a红壤性水稻土化肥定位试验为对象，探讨了不同施肥措施下水稻产量变化及其与气候、地力的关系。结果表明：不同施肥措施的产量效应均显著受气候的年成变化及其交互作用的影响，气候的季相变化因不同施肥措施而异，对CK、NK、NPKM处理影响不大，而对N、NP、NPK处理有强烈的影响；红壤性水稻土基础地力贡献率较稳定，为46．3％，72．0％。随着施肥结构完善，对地力贡献的依赖性表现出NPKM〈NPK〈NK、NP〈N的趋势；各施肥管理水稻平均增产效果表现为NPKM〉NPK〉NK〉NP〉N。连续施用氮（N）肥，增产效果达持续显著水平的年限为17a，钾（K）肥的为98，而磷（P）肥不明显。N肥单施或与P肥、K肥配施，生产稳定性显著下降，且随时间的延长，增产效率均呈线性下降，其下降速率表现出NP〉N〉NK的趋势，至18～218后，产量水平相当或者低于无肥区（CK）。N肥与PK肥配施，可显著提高水稻生产的稳定性和产量，再配施有机肥，水稻增产效果更为明显。     

灌水和生长调节剂对有色小麦产量和品质的影响

以有色小麦皖麦38、绿麦1号和kz6061为材料,在大田条件下,研究灌水和生长调节剂对有色小麦产量和品质的影响。结果表明,灌水处理对有色小麦千粒重、容重、籽粒产量和蛋白质产量影响不显著,灌3水较灌2水处理显著提高有色小麦醇溶蛋白含量,而显著降低干、湿面筋含量。不同粒色小麦的籽粒产量和蛋白质产量差异显著,kz6061的籽粒产量和蛋白质产量均显著高于皖麦38和绿麦1号。蛋白质及其组分含量、沉降值、面筋含量和面筋指数在不同粒色小麦中差异显著,沉降值和面筋指数以皖麦38最高,干、湿面筋含量以kz6061最高。生长调节剂处理对皖麦38的清蛋白和球蛋白,绿麦1号的球蛋白,kz6061的清蛋白、球蛋白、醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白含量均有一定影响,对有色小麦面筋指数亦有显著影响。     

RELATIVE RESPONSE OF FORAGE AND SEED YIELD OF ALFALFA TO SULFUR,PHOSPHORUS, AND POTASSIUM FERTILIZATION

A field experiment was conducted from 2000 to 2007 on three-year old alfalfa stand near Star City in northeastern Saskatchewan to determine the influence of balanced application of sulfur (S), phosphorus (P), or potassium (K) fertilizers on forage dry matter yield (DMY) and seed yield, protein concentration (PC) in forage, concentration and uptake of total nitrogen (N), P, K, S, and boron (B) in forage and seed, and residual soil extractable P, exchangeable K and sulfate-S. Appropriate application of S, P, or K fertilizer nutrients was required to obtain optimum yield, PC, and nutrient concentration and uptake, especially when alfalfa was grown for hay production. Yield response to fertilization was much more frequent and much higher when alfalfa was managed as hay compared to when managed for seed production. The results suggest the importance of proper fertilization in increasing longevity of alfalfa stands. Under both hay and seed plots, there was only a small increase in residual sulfate-S from S fertilization, but significant accumulation of extractable P mainly in the 0–15 soil layer from P application. There was relatively higher concentration of exchangeable K in soil in the seed plots than in hay plots. In hay plots, concentrations of residual exchangeable K in soil were negatively related to DMY, especially in 2007. The findings suggest that when a soil is testing low (or deficient) in a nutrient and alfalfa growth is reduced, then alfalfa producers should consider applying fertilizers to supply adequate amounts of nutrients that are lacking in the soil, especially for optimum forage production. However, it is still difficult to predict accurately if a profitable alfalfa seed yield response to fertilization would occur, particularly when soils are testing marginal in some nutrient levels and yields are negatively affected by abnormal weather conditions (drought soil moisture conditions reducing plant growth, wet, cloudy and cool weather conditions decreasing pollination activity and late summer and/or early autumn frost damage to seed formation) that often occur in the growing season in this region.     

MODULATION IN YIELD AND JUICE QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF CITRUS FRUIT FROM TREES SUPPLIED WITH ZINC AND POTASSIUM FOLIARLY

Citrus, especially K innow (Citrus deliciosa × Citrus nobilis), fruit yield and quality in Pakistan is not competitive with that of other countries which could be mainly attributed to the lack of good nutrient management for citrus orchards. The yield losses in this fruit crop occur mainly due to heavy fruit dropping. Experiments to overcome these problems were conducted at four different sites one each in Faisalabad, Toba Tek Singh, Jhang and Sargodha districts of Punjab, Pakistan. The soil and leaf chemical analysis showed severe deficiency of Zn and our pervious results have shown that soil amendment with potassium (K) at 75 K₂O kg ha^?1 improved the citrus fruit yield and quality at all selected sites. In the present experiments, effect of foliar application of Zn and K alone or in combination was studied on nutrient uptake, fruit yield, fruit dropping and juice quality. The fruit trees were pretreated with a selected K level of sulfate of potash (SOP) or muriate of potash (MOP), i.e., 75 kg K₂O ha^?1 along with recommended nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) doses. Zinc [Zn, 1% zinc sulfate (ZnSO₄) solution], K [1% potassium sulfate (K₂SO₄) solution] and Zn + K (solution containing 0.5% each of ZnSO₄ and K₂SO₄) were sprayed at the onset of spring and flush of leaves or flowers, fruit formation and at color initiation on fruit. Overall, application of Zn, K or Zn + K was effective in improving the nutrient uptake, yield and quality parameters of citrus fruit at all sites. Fruit dropping was also reduced by the foliar spray of Zn, K or Zn + K but the most promising results were recorded with foliar spray containing both Zn and K.     

RESPONSE OF LIME THYME TO SALINITY AND IONIC CONCENTRATION IN NUTRIENT SOLUTION

□ Plants from 60-day-old Lime Thyme (Thymus citriodorus) cuttings were potted in a medium of coconut fiber and peat moss and were treated with three different nutrient solutions: T1, T2, and T3. T1 was a standard nutrient solution; T2 was incremented with macronutrients up to an electrical conductivity (EC) of 2.8 dS m^?1; and T3 was the same as T1 but incremented up to an EC of 2.8 dS m^?1 with sodium chloride. The plants were then grown for 90 days in a greenhouse with natural daylight in Almería, Spain. Root growth was not affected by the treatments. The dry weight of the leaves and the total dry weight of the plants benefited from the salinity. The specific salinity of the sodium chloride negatively affected growth compared to the same salinity in the complete nutrient solution.     

SOYBEAN RESPONSE AND ION ACCUMULATION UNDER SPRINKLER IRRIGATION WITH SODIUM-RICH SALINE WATER

The magnitude of crop growth and yield depends on the salinity level, the toxic ions present, and the irrigation system used. In order to study the effect of saline sprinkler irrigation on soybean growth and ionic accumulation in plant tissues a pot experiment was set up. There were three irrigation water quality treatments [electrical conductivity (EC) 0, 2, and 4 dS m^?1]. Soybean aerial biomass was 25% lower than the Control when irrigation salinity was 4 dS m^?1. Clearly salinity entering via leaves affected the grain filling stage and severely reduced soybean grain production (80% reduction) when salinity in irrigation water surpassed 2 dS m^?1. Sprinkler irrigation aggravates soybean's low salinity tolerance and restricts its cropping in such conditions. For early stages two linear relationships between leaf chloride (Cl^?) concentration (Y = 14.2–2x) or potassium (K⁺)/ sodium (Na⁺) ratio (Y = 5.3x?3.4) and soybean grain yield were found. Both relationships may be used as diagnostic tools for soybean growing under saline sprinkler irrigation.     

EFFECT OF SALINITY AND EXOGENOUSLY APPLIED POLYAMINES ON GROWTH AND ION RELATIONS IN SPINACH

ABSTRACT

It has been suggested that polyamines are involved in many growth and development processes in plants and may serve as growth regulators. These nitrogenous compounds have been shown to be involved in cell division, nucleic acid and proteins synthesis, and normal senescence. It is thought by some that polyamines may be involved in the plant's mechanistic response to stress. More importantly, some reports indicate that exogenously applied polyamines can overcome the growth reduction brought about by salinity stress. In this report, growth studies were performed on to examine the effect of exogenously applied putrescine, spermidine, and spermine on the alleviation of salinity stress. Spinacia oleracea, L. cv. Space was chosen since much of our understanding of the sugar metabolism needed for growth has been derived from this plant. Polyamines were applied in a manner used in earlier reports, i.e., foliar spray. The effect of salinity and polyamines on leaf number, leaf area, fresh and dry weight was observed. Our analysis showed that putrescine and spermine had no significant effect on plant growth throughout the range of salinities studied (2 to 11.7?dS?m^?1). Spermidine slightly decreased growth. Further studies on ion uptake indicated that none of the polyamines tested had a significant effect on plant ion content. While we failed to document any growth response to putrescine or spermine treatment, we did find a significant reduction of growth as salinity increased in the irrigation water. Further analysis of the ion data indicated that K⁺:Na⁺ selectivity significantly increased with increasing salinity. This preferential increased influx of K⁺ ions may be an important mechanism by which spinach maintains low Na⁺ tissue levels relative to external concentrations. Additionally, Ca²⁺:Na⁺ selectivity as measured by the Gapon constant, K _g , greatly increased. Conversely, Ca²⁺:Mg²⁺ selectivity decreased resulting in an increase in Mg²⁺ tissue concentrations. Our results are discussed in terms of possible salt tolerance mechanisms in spinach as they relate to the preferential uptake of specific nutrient ions from saline irrigation waters.     

EFFECT OF ZINC NUTRITION ON GROWTH,YIELD, AND QUALITY OF FORAGE SORGHUM IN RESPECT WITH INCREASING POTASSIUM APPLICATION RATES

A two-year field study was conducted to determine the effect of two zinc (Zn) levels [0 and 10 kg zinc sulfate (ZnSO₄) ha^?1] in respect with four potassium (K) levels (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg K₂O ha^?1) on growth, yield and quality of forage sorghum. The soil of the experimental field was loamy sand (Inceptisol), carrying 70, 08, 77, and 0.51 mg nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), K, and Zn kg^?1 soil, respectively. Increasing K levels significantly improved most of the growth, yield, and quality attributes gradually irrespective of the Zn levels. Zinc applied at 10 kg ZnSO₄ ha^?1 proved significantly better than no zinc application at various K application rates. The benefit of zinc application increased progressively with increasing K rates for most of the parameters studied, indicating significant response of the crop to positive K × Zn interaction in plants in respect with K and Zn application to the soil. Accordingly, 60 kg K₂O ha^?1 applied with10 kg ZnSO₄ ha^?1 boosted most of the attributes maximally. It resulted in about 20–40% increase in growth attributes, 25% increase in fresh matter yield, 36–38% increase in dry matter yield, and 38% increase in protein yield compared to the comparable K level applied without zinc. It also enhanced N uptake by 38%, P uptake by 5–19%, K uptake by 40–42%, and Zn uptake by 114–144%. Across the K rates, application of 10 kg ZnSO₄ surpassed no zinc application by 30–35% in N uptake, by 8–15% in P uptake, by 33–36% in K uptake, by 120–140% in Zn uptake, by 19–21% in fresh matter yield, by 29–31% in dry matter yield, and by 30–34% in protein yield.     

MODELING GROWTH AND ION CONCENTRATION OF LILIUM IN RESPONSE TO NITROGEN:POTASSIUM:CALCIUM MIXTURE SOLUTIONS

Nutrient solution composition plays an important role in root uptake rate due to interactions among nutrients and internal regulation. Studies to determine the optimum nutrient solution concentration are focused on individual ions, ignoring the adaptation mechanisms triggered by plants when growing in a varying external nutrient concentration. The objective of the present study was to determine the response in growth and tissue ion concentration of lilium cv. ‘Navona’ to nutrient mixtures of varying proportions of nitrogen (N), potassium (K⁺), and calcium (Ca²⁺) in solution using mixture experiments methodology in order to determine the optimum concentration. Bulbs of lilium were transplanted in plastic crates and drip-irrigated with the treatment solutions, which consisted of a mixture of N, K⁺, and Ca²⁺ whose total concentration was 340 mg L^?1 and minimum concentrations of each ion was 34 mg L^?1. Chlorophyll concentration (SPAD), shoot fresh weight (FW), leaf FW, and leaf area were measured 60 days after transplanting and ion analysis was performed on shoot tissues from selected treatments. Lilium exhibited a moderate demand for N and K⁺ (136–170 mg L^?1 N and 116–136 mg L^?1 K⁺) and a very low demand for Ca²⁺ (34–88 mg · L^?1). This low demand may be due to the remobilization of the nutrients stored in the bulbs. Integrating the predictions of the models estimated to produce >90% of maximum growth, the optimum nutrient solution should contain Ca²⁺ at a concentration between 34 and 126 mg · L^?1, K⁺ between 119 and 211 mg · L^?1, and N between 92 mg · L^?1 and 211 mg · L^?1. Increasing external N concentration affected internal N concentration but not internal K⁺ or Ca²⁺ concentrations, despite that the increase in external N was associated with a decrease in external K⁺ and Ca²⁺. Similar trends were observed for external K⁺ and Ca²⁺ concentration. In conclusion, lilium was able to maintain a relatively constant K⁺ and Ca²⁺ concentration regardless of the lower concentration in the nutrient solution when N was increased (similar response was observed for K⁺ and Ca²⁺) and it has a low Ca²⁺ demand and moderate N and K⁺ supply.     

EFFECTS OF PHOSPHORUS SUPPLY ON GROWTH,YIELD, AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF SAFFLOWER AND SUNFLOWER

This study comparatively evaluates the phosphorus (P) requirement of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in view of identifying low input oil crops. Both species responded strongly to increasing P supply with respect to plant growth and yield. Yield component analysis revealed that oil yield in safflower was affected by P deficiency mainly via the number of capitula per plant followed, in consecutive order, by the number of achenes per capitulum and the single achene mass (SAM). The major yield component influencing oil yield of sunflower was the number of achenes per plant, followed by the SAM. Contribution of the seed oil concentration to overall yield variation was insignificant for both species. Path coefficient analyses indicate that in sunflower total nitrogen (N) accumulated was found to be most important, while in safflower this holds true for both the total P and N accumulated. It was concluded that safflower cannot be considered a low-input oil crop in terms of its P requirement.     

DYNAMICS OF FABA BEAN GROWTH AND NUTRIENT UPTAKE AND THEIR CORRELATION WITH GRAIN YIELD

Growth parameters and nutrient uptake of faba bean with 12 different genotypes were studied at the end of four subsequent growth periods, viz. first vegetative (V1), second vegetative (V2), first reproductive (R1) and second reproductive (R2) periods for two years and correlated with final grain yield. All parameters including plant height, leaf number, leaf area index (LAI), above ground plant dry matter (DM) and root DM, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) uptake and concentration of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg showed different patterns with advancement of the growth period. All the mentioned parameters were fitted in either quadratic or linear equations. Significant correlations were found among nutrients, growth parameters and grain yield during different growth stages. On the basis of these experiments it was clear that nutrient uptake was directly related to biomass. In V2 and R1 biomass production was greatest resulting in high nutrient uptake. Among the growth parameters, biomass and LAI showed the highest significant correlation with grain yield. The findings especially models derived from two year data across twelve genotypes can be used for better fertilizer management of faba bean.     

RESPONSE OF ALFALFA SEED YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS TO PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZING SYSTEMS AND SEEDING RATE AT SEMI-SALINE SOIL CONDITIONS

To study the effects of phosphorus (P) fertilizer (cow manure, phosphorus solublizing bacteria) and sowing density on seed production of alfalfa, an experiment was laid out in a three-replicated split-split plot design with four phosphorus fertilizer rates (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg ha^?1) in main plots, three phosphorus-solublizing bacteria (9, 41strains, and no bacteria) in sub-plots and three sowing densities (2, 6 and 10 kg ha^?1) in sub-sub plots. The highest seed yield resulted from 60 and 90 kg P ha^?1. Application of bacteria strain 41 was more efficient than bacteria strain 9 in seed yield and 1000-seed weight. Seed yield at 6 seed kg ha^?1 treatment was higher than 10 kg ha^?1, although there was no significant difference between them. Based on the results of this experiment the triple application of P60, B41 and SD6 could be recommended as the best treatment for seed production of alfalfa (Cultivar ‘Nikshahri’) under the semi-saline condition.     

矮壮素对马铃薯磷素营养动态变化和产量的影响

通过对生育前期的马铃薯品种"中薯3号"喷施浓度为0、1.5、2.0和2.5g/L矮壮素(chlorocholine chloride,CCC)后,应用32P示踪技术研究其对磷素营养及其平均每穴产量的影响。结果表明:在各出苗后天数,CCC增加了植株对磷素的吸收,植株中的磷素主要分配到地上茎和叶中,按其相对含磷量依次为地上茎>叶>根>地下茎;植株吸磷量随其生长而增加,但在生育后期总株的吸磷量减少;在各出苗后天数,2.0g/L处理对中薯3号的总株吸磷量增加最大;1.5、2.0、2.5g/LCCC处理使中薯3号平均每穴产量分别增加6.83%、10.10%和3.08%,各处理平均每穴产量与其出苗后36d的叶片含磷量成极显著性正相关。     

SEED YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS RESPONSE OF RAPE (B. NAPUS) VERSUS MUSTARD (B. JUNCEA) TO SULFUR AND POTASSIUM FERTILIZER APPLICATION IN NORTHWEST PAKISTAN

Improper sulfur (S) and potassium (K) fertilizer management, particularly with continued soil nutrient mining, is one of the major factors contributing to low seed yield of canola in northwestern Pakistan. A field experiment was conducted in 2007?2008 on a S and K deficient clay loam soil at the Research Farm of NWFP (Northwest Frontier Province) Agricultural University, Peshawar, Pakistan, with an objective to determine seed yield and yield components response of Brassica oilseed rape versus mustard to S and K application. Twenty treatments in a randomized complete block design were consisted of two oilseed rape (B. napus canola) and mustard (B. juncea canola) genotypes at three rates each of S (15, 30, and 45 kg S ha^?1) and K (30, 60, and 90 kg K ha^?1) fertilizers plus one control (no S and K applied). Seed yield and yield components increased significantly with K and S fertilization as compared to the zero-S/zero-K control. Both genotypes responded positively for seed yield and yield components to K and S fertilization, but the magnitude of response varied with levels of S and K, as well as combined K + S applications. It is concluded that a combination of 60 kg K + 30 kg S ha^?1 would improve seed yield and yield components of rape and mustard in the study area and contribute significantly to increased production. Growing B. napus was better than B. juncea in the study area, because B. napus produced significantly higher seed yield and yield components than B. juncea, indicating that yield components are the most important criteria for selection of Brassica genotypes for higher seed yield.     

基本苗数和底追肥比例对冬小麦籽粒产量和蛋白质组分的影响

以中任1号小麦为试验材料,采用二因素随机区组设计,研究了基本苗和氮肥施用策略对小麦植株性状、产量和蛋白质组分的影响。结果表明,不同基本苗数和氮肥底/追比例的处理间株高、穗长、产量、千粒重、容重均有显著差异。穗长与穗粒数呈极显著正相关(r=0.931**)。随基本苗增加,穗长、穗粒数和千粒重逐渐减少,处理间差异显著。容重有随基本苗增加而升高的趋势。对产量而言,基本苗以450万/hm2时较高,但与300万/hm2和375万/hm2基本苗处理间的产量差异不显著,因此,生产中在偏晚的播期内,可以根据实际播种时间和地力条件,在300~450万/hm2基本苗范围内进行调整。不同蛋白组分对基本苗处理的反应有别,在基本苗较少时清蛋白和球蛋白含量较低,而谷蛋白和总蛋白含量较高。清蛋白、球蛋白、醇溶蛋白在各追肥比例处理间差异不显著,谷蛋白和总蛋白含量处理间差异显著,且均以底追比例3∶7的处理含量最高。总蛋白含量有随追肥比例增加而提高的趋势。     

灌水时期和比例对不同品种小麦产量及加工品质的影响

在自动防雨棚池栽条件下,研究不同灌水时期和灌水比例对强筋小麦济麦20和中筋小麦中麦8两个品种产量性状和加工品质的影响。结果表明,灌水比例为1∶3的处理（B1：春2叶灌300m3.hm-2＋春5叶灌900m3.hm-2）和3∶1的处理（B4：春5叶灌900m3.hm-2＋开花期灌300m3.hm-2）有利于减少旗叶中脯氨...     

多功能保水剂对黄瓜生长及产量的影响

本文研究新型多功能保水剂对黄瓜生长,产量,品质及水分利用率的影响。试验结果表明,这种新型多功能保水剂可以提高土壤绝对含水量,有效的促进黄瓜营养生长,黄瓜产量、结果数、单果重和水分利用率,分别提高了13.12%、10.34%、2.52%、13.12%,但对品质影响不大。