Nitrogen uptake efficiency of finger millet grown in hydroponic culture

The optimum nitrogen requirement along with nitrogen uptake efficiency of finger millet (Eleusine coracana) for obtaining plants of a high phenotypic quality was studied in this research using hydroponic culture. 20 days old seedlings were transferred in nutrient solution containing all the essential macro and micro nutrients. Plants were subjected to three treatments of nitrate viz. 0.05 mM, 0.1 mM and 0.5 mM by dissolving it in the nutrient solution. Plants grown in nutrient solution devoid of nitrate were treated as control. Plants grown in 0.5 mM nitrate conc. attained more height compared to other low nitrogen treatments (0.1 mM and 0.05 mM). Similarly plants of 0.5 mM nitrate treatments possessed more number of lateral roots, surface area of leaves, dry weight of plants and chlorophyll content compared to other low nitrogen treatments. Specific activity of nitrate reductase in plants treated with 0.5 mM concentration was found nearly 3 times higher than that of control plants; similarly, specific activity of nitrite reductase in 0.5 mM treated plants was also high compared to other low nitrogen treatments followed by control. The results of the present investigation therefore indicate that nitrogen uptake efficiency as revealed by the activities of nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase was high in 0.5 mM nitrate treatment. It also shows that 0.5 mM nitrate is optimum nitrogen concentration for the growth of finger millet in hydroponic condition.     

磷素子粒生产效率不同品种的小麦磷素吸收利用差异

盆栽试验研究了130份小麦不同生育时期的干物重、磷素含量、子粒产量等指标,采用组内最小平方和的动态聚类方法将供试品种按磷素子粒生产效率从低到高依次分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ和Ⅵ 6个类型,研究不同类型磷素吸收利用的差异。结果表明: 1）供试品种的磷素子粒生产效率差异较大（CV=1660%）,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ和Ⅵ类品种的平均磷素子粒生产效率为P 13629、15167、16916、18589、20132、24466 g/g。子粒产量随磷素子粒生产效率提高呈增加趋势（r=03203**）。2）不同生育时期,小麦植株磷浓度与吸磷量类型间差异显著或极显著。成熟期磷素子粒生产效率与植株磷浓度极显著正相关（r=06969**）,子粒产量与抽穗期、成熟期植株吸磷量显著或极显著相关（r=02966*、r=09271**）。3）不同生育时期磷素干物质生产效率的类间差异均达显著水平; 成熟期磷素干物质生产效率与磷素子粒生产效率极显著正相关 （r=07391**）。4）拔节期、抽穗期和成熟期干物重均表现出随磷素子粒生产效率增加而增加的趋势,成熟期尤为突出。拔节期成熟期磷素吸收量是影响子粒产量形成的重要因素,磷素子粒生产效率高的品种在拔节期后有较强干物质和子粒产量形成能力。     

Improved phosphorus efficiency of three new wheat genotypes from CIMMYT in comparison with an older Mexican variety

In a field trial in Northwest Mexico, the phosphorus efficiency of three advanced bread wheat lines (Triticum aestivum L.) from CIMMYT were compared with an older Mexican variety Curinda, under irrigation, on an alkaline clay soil (3.7 mg Olsen-P kg^—1 soil) without (P-0) and with P-fertilisation (P-35; 35 kg P ha^—1). Dry matter, P-content, P-uptake of above ground biomass and root growth (root length densities in different soil depths) were measured at different growth stages, and the net P-uptake rates per unit root length calculated. All four genotypes responded positively to P-fertilisation. The three new genotypes showed significantly higher grain yields compared with the old variety Curinda, on the average, 54% and 42% higher at P-0 and P-35, respectively. The higher grain yield was mainly due to a larger number of kernels per ear, higher thousand kernel weight as well as a higher harvest index. The old variety Curinda had the same (P-0) or greater (P-35) number of spikes m^—2 than the new genotypes. In conclusion of this experiment, the three new genotypes could be classified as more P-efficient. The P-uptake at harvest averaged 35% and 24% more than the old variety Curinda at the P-0 and P-35 level, respectively. The improved P-efficiency was mainly due to a more efficient P-uptake. However, there were only small differences in P-utilisation efficiency (kg grain per kg P in shoots) between old and new varieties (8—11%). The differences in the root systems were more decisive in the P-0 treatment than with P-fertilisation. At low P, the improved P-uptake per ha of the advanced lines was due to a higher root length density especially after flowering, while at high P, a higher P-influx rate per unit root length played a more important role than the root length density. The superiority of the new genotypes at both P levels is obviously due to the good adaptation of their root system (root length density, uptake rate per unit root) to variable P availability in soil.     

不同磷效率小麦对低铁胁迫的基因型差异

用营养液培养方法研究了不同磷效率小麦幼苗对低铁胁迫的基因型差异。结果表明,低铁胁迫(-Fe)对磷高效基因型小麦生长的抑制作用显著大于对磷低效基因型。低铁处理下,磷高效基因型81(85)-5-3-3-3、Xiaoyan54和Taihe-5025的植株地上部干重平均比正常供铁(+Fe)处理下降55.2%;磷低效基因型Jinghe90-Jian-17、NC37和Jing41平均33.0%。低铁胁迫显著降低了磷高效基因型小麦的叶片叶绿素含量,3个磷高效基因型的叶绿素a、叶绿素b和叶绿素a+b含量分别降低了35.6%、35.3%和35.3%,磷低效基因型分别降低了16.8%、7.7%和11.9%。低铁胁迫对小麦的根系生长、根系吸磷量和磷利用效率均未产生明显的影响,但显著降低了磷高效基因型小麦的植株地上部吸磷量和根效率比。与正常供铁的处理相比,磷高效和磷低效基因型小麦的地上部吸磷量和根效率比在低铁处理中平均降低了55.0%、54.9%和32.5%、36.4%。磷高效基因型小麦植株体内积累的磷量明显高于磷低效基因型,这是磷高效基因型不耐低铁的主要原因。磷效率越高,对低铁的反应越敏感。     

品种演替和土壤肥力对小麦产量和磷生理效率的影响

以25年来长期定位施肥试验构建不同土壤肥力梯度为平台,研究品种演替过程中籽粒产量和磷效率对土壤肥力的响应。结果表明,各施肥处理,随品种演替小麦籽粒产量呈显著增加趋势,其中郑麦0856的产量最高(8 157. 3kg·hm-2),郑麦7698次之,豫麦13的产量最低(5 915. 39 kg·hm-2);不施肥处理(CK)则下降。无论施肥或不施肥处理,100 kg小麦籽粒对磷素的需求量均随品种的演替呈上升趋势。此外,随品种演替,磷的生理效率呈先增加后降低的趋势,郑麦941 (172. 48 kg·kg-1)的磷生理效率最高,郑麦9023 (145. 79 kg·kg-1)、郑麦7698 (130. 51kg·kg-1)和郑麦0856 (147. 65 kg·kg-1)次之,三者之间差异不明显,豫麦13 (66. 71 kg·kg-1)的磷生理效率最低;同一品种,单施化肥处理(NPK)小麦磷生理效率显著高于其他施肥处理(MNPK、1. 5MNPK和SNPK)(豫麦13除外)。同时,品种演变明显提高了磷农学效率;但在施肥条件下,继续增施肥料和养分投入使豫麦13、郑麦941、郑麦7698和郑麦9023的磷农学效率降低;而郑麦0856的农学效率随着土壤肥力的增加而增加,与籽粒产量协同提升。因此,黄淮海地区小麦品种演替在土壤肥力养分充足时籽粒产量显著提高,磷效率也呈增加的趋势。     

不同磷水平下小麦B染色体双端体植株干物质积累和磷效率特征研究

以中国春（CS）及其B染色体组双端体（1BS7BS和1BL7BL））为材料,采用溶液培养法,研究了不同磷水平下各供试材料的干物质积累和磷效率特征。结果表明,与CS相比,丰磷下4BS、6BS、3BL及7BL和低磷下4BS、6BS、7BS、和7BL植株形态及单株干重无明显变化,其他B染色体组双端体植株形态变劣、单株干重降低。丰、低磷下,各双端体单株磷累积量与CS相比多呈减少趋势,表明缺失B染色体长、短臂对小麦的磷素吸收和累积发挥不同程度负调控效应。全磷含量表现为丰磷下4BS和4BL较CS显著增加、5BS较CS显著降低;低磷下5BS较CS显著提高,3BL和5BL较CS显著降低。与CS相比,各双端体植株的磷效率变幅较大,呈与单株磷累积量相反趋势变化,即丰磷下3BS、5BS较CS显著增加,4BS、1BL和4BL较CS显著减少。丰、低磷条件下,多数双端体植株氮钾效率与CS相比也发生不同程度改变。丰、低磷磷下单株干重与磷累积量呈显著正相关,且单株干重与单株叶面积也呈显著正相关。因此,本研究证实,特定B染色体组长、短臂在调控植株抵御低磷逆境中发挥着重要遗传效应,可用单株叶面积作为丰、低磷下植株磷效率的评价指标。     

Grain yield,nitrogen use efficiency and tillage intensity in wheat as affected by precision nutrient management

ABSTRACT

The present studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of different nutrient management practices under two tillage options in wheat. The experiments were laid out in split-plot design with a combination of two varieties (WH 1105 and HD 2967) and two tillage options (Conventional and No tillage) in the main plot and six precision nutrient management practices [absolute control, site-specific nutrient management with Nutrient Expert for wheat (SSNM-NE)(170 kg nitrogen (N)/ha), SSNM NE+GreenSeeker (GS)(153/158 N kg/ha), N₁₂₀ (120 kg N/ha) before irrigation, N₁₂₀ after irrigation and N Rich (180 kg N/ha)] in subplot replicated thrice. The grain yield and quality characters in no tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) were similar but agronomic efficiency was higher in NT. Both the varieties (WH 1105 and HD 2967) gave similar grain yield and quality. Wheat variety WH 1105 recorded significantly higher sodium dodecyl sulfate sedimentation (SDS) and gluten index. The treatment SSNM NE+GS had resulted in 107.1% higher grain yield than no nitrogen control but similar to enriched N plot (180 kg N/ha). The grain protein, SDS and gluten index in need-based nutrient management (SSNM+GS) treatment were found to be similar as recorded in SSNM-NE (170 kgN/ha) and N enriched plot (180 kg N ha^?1). The agronomic efficiency and recovery efficiency in SSNM+GS were also better than SSNM NE.     

Remobilization and utilization of phosphorus in wheat cultivars under induced phosphorus deficiency

A solution culture study was conducted to compare the phosphorus (P) remobilization efficiency of four wheat cultivars under induced P deficiency. Wheat cultivars, i.e. Sarsabz, NIA-Sunder, NIA-Amber and NIA-Saarang were initially grown on adequate P nutrition for 30 days and then exposed to P-free nutrient solution for next 15 days to study P remobilization. Completely randomized design (CRD) with ten replicates per cultivar was employed. Cultivars varied for biomass production, P concentration, P uptake, and P utilization efficiency at both harvests. Overall, more than 75% of absorbed P was mobilized from older leaves to younger leaves as well as roots of all cultivars during P-omission period. However, cultivars could not produce significant variations (P < 0.05) in P remobilization, which implied that P remobilization was only a stress response to P deficiency in wheat cultivars and it could not be related to P utilization efficiency of these cultivars.     

氮胁迫条件下中国春-代换系小麦苗期耐低氮特征研究

以一整套中国春背景的单染色体代换系和中国春、供体Synthetic 6x小麦为材料,研究了低氮胁迫条件下苗期氮效率的染色体效应.结果表明,低氮胁迫条件下,依据供试代换系植株干物质积累量可划分为高效组、中效组和低效组,以6D代换系单株干物量最大.不同效率组的株高、叶龄、根条数和单株叶面积等形态学性状及叶绿素含量、Fv/F...     

液培条件下磷水平对两种磷效率小麦根际特征的影响

为探讨磷高效型小麦(小偃54)和磷低效型小麦(京411)在不同磷水平下根际特征的差异,测定了液培条件下苗期小麦的植株生物量和吸磷量、根际pH值与根系分泌的酸性磷酸酶活性等。结果表明,不同磷水平(P0:0、P1:0.5 mmol/L和P2:1 mmol/L)下,磷高效型小偃54的植株吸磷量和根部生物量从移苗第6 d起明显高于磷低效型京411,在P0水平下尤为明显,且随培养时间的延长两者差距逐渐增大;小偃54的根际pH值在移苗初期与京411并无明显差异,随着培养时间的延长,小偃54的根际pH值显著低于京411,但两者单位根系分泌质子量差异逐渐减小。从移苗第6 d到第18 d,小偃54在不同磷水平下酸性磷酸酶的分泌量均显著高于京411;小偃54在P0水平下根系分泌的酸性磷酸酶量显著高于P1和P2水平,而京411从第12 d起才有相同规律,小偃54比京411对磷胁迫反应快且强度大。由此可见,在不同磷水平下,磷高效型小偃54在苗期的各项测定指标均优于磷低效型京411,在P0水平下两者根际特征差异尤为显著,且两种小麦根际特征差异与苗期生长天数有很大的关系。     

长期施肥对我国6种旱地小麦磷肥回收率的影响

为阐明长期施肥下小麦磷肥回收率的时间及空间变化特征,对我国6种旱地土壤（红壤、黑土、均壤质潮土、轻壤质潮土、塿土和黄棕壤）长期不同施肥下的磷肥回收率及相关指标进行了分析。结果表明,长期施用NPK化肥（NPK）,均壤质潮土、轻壤质潮土、塿土、黄棕壤上小麦当季磷肥回收率随时间增加而显著升高,每年平均分别上升 0.80、0.60、1.30和0.44个百分点;化肥有机肥配施（NPKM）,每年平均上升0.25～1.72个百分点。黑土上小麦磷肥回收率长期施用NPK的变化不大,施用NPKM的显著升高,平均每年上升 0.50个百分点;红壤上磷肥回收率NPK处理呈下降趋势,平均每年下降 0.86个百分点,而NPKM处理保持平稳,说明施用有机肥有利于提升磷肥回收率。不同土壤上小麦当季磷肥回收率的变化速率与土壤磷的形态密切相关,以无机钙磷为主要形态的土壤（均壤质潮土、轻壤质潮土、塿土）小麦磷肥回收率均高于以有机磷为主要形态的黑土和以无机闭蓄态磷为主要形态的红壤。小麦当季磷肥回收率受土壤性质的影响,与土壤全磷和pH值之间具有显著的正相关关系（P0.05）。     

密度、氮肥互作对小麦产量及氮素利用效率的影响

为了探明小麦产量和氮素利用效率同步提高的最佳施氮量和种植密度,制定合理的栽培措施,实现高产高效提供理论依据,以大穗型品种泰农18（T18）和中穗型品种山农15（S15）为试材,在大田条件下设置4个播种密度（60、75、90和105 kg/hm2）和3个施氮水平（0、180和240 kg/hm2）,研究了氮密互作对小麦子粒产量和氮素利用效率的影响。结果表明,播种密度和施氮量均显著影响冬小麦产量及构成因素,且两者间存在明显的互作效应;两因素中密度是导致产量变化的主导因素。子粒产量提高引起氮肥农学利用效率和氮肥吸收利用率的协同提高。综合考虑产量和氮素利用效率等因素,在本试验条件下,泰农18的适宜播量为102 kg/hm2,适宜的施氮量为180 kg/hm2;而山农15的适宜播量为83 kg/hm2,适宜的施氮量为180 kg/hm2。说明在冬小麦高产栽培过程中,可以通过调节施氮量和播种密度,充分利用氮密互作效应,在提高氮素利用率的同时,获得较高的子粒产量。     

不同磷水平下小麦蚕豆间作对根际有效磷及磷吸收的影响

【目的】探明不同磷水平下小麦–蚕豆间作对根际有效磷含量及作物磷吸收量的影响,提高磷肥利用率。【方法】2015—2016和2016—2017两季田间试验在云南农业大学试验基地耕作红壤上进行,供试小麦品种为云麦-52,蚕豆品种为玉溪大粒豆。设施P2O5 0 (P0)、45 (P45)和90 kg/hm^2 (P90)三个水平,和单作(M,包括小麦单作MW和蚕豆单作MF)和间作(I)两种种植模式。每季在小麦分蘖期、拔节期、抽穗期、灌浆期和成熟期,蚕豆分枝期、开花期、结荚期、籽粒膨大期、收获期采取根际土样测定有效磷含量。在小麦蚕豆收获期测定单、间作小麦、蚕豆产量,并测定作物地上部磷含量。计算土地当量比(LER)来衡量间作优势,并用磷肥农学利用率来反映磷肥的吸收效率。【结果】与单作相比,在P0、P45、P90水平下,2016年间作种植显著提高了小麦籽粒产量12.5%、21.7%和17.3%,2017年间作蚕豆产量较单作分别降低了16.8%、11.7%和8.2%。三个磷水平下,小麦–蚕豆间作具有产量优势,土地当量比(LER)为0.95~1.18。与常规施磷水平(P90)下的单作相比,小麦–蚕豆间作条件下,磷肥减施1/2 (P45)并未降低小麦和蚕豆产量。间作种植对小麦根际有效磷含量无显著影响(除2016年成熟期外),但2017年,在蚕豆分枝期、开花期、结荚期,间作则分别降低蚕豆根际有效磷含量20.8%、44.5%和18%。与P90单作相比,间作P45处理几乎不会降低小麦、蚕豆根际有效磷含量。小麦、蚕豆磷吸收量主要受磷水平的调控,种植模式对小麦和蚕豆磷的吸收量及磷肥农学利用率均没有影响。【结论】在本试验条件下,小麦–蚕豆间作提高了小麦籽粒产量,降低了蚕豆产量;间作种植主要是改变了蚕豆生育前期根际有效磷含量,但对作物的磷吸收量没有影响。小麦–蚕豆间作具有减施磷肥、维持作物产量和根际土壤有效磷的潜力。     

宽幅播种提高不同播期小麦产量与氮素利用率

为明确在较宽播期范围内可实现小麦高产高效稳产的播种方式及其理论基础,采用宽幅播种和常规条播2种播种方式,设计10月3日(早播)、10日(传统播期)、17日(晚播)和24日(再晚播)共4个播期处理(分别用D1、D2、D3、D4表示),研究了播种方式与播期互作对小麦产量和氮素吸收利用的影响。相对于常规条播,宽幅播种通过提高单位面积分蘖数和穗数,平均提高产量16.68%;通过提高氮素吸收效率(吸氮量/供氮量)、稳定或提高氮素利用效率(产量/吸氮量),平均提高氮素利用率(产量/供氮量)16.64%。随播期推迟,2播种方式下单位面积穗数、单穗籽粒质量分别呈降低和升高趋势,相对于D1和D2播期,宽幅条件下D3、D4播期的成熟期穗数下降比例显著低于条播,并与其单穗籽粒质量提高的比例相当,进而实现9.00 t/hm2水平的高产稳产;常规条播下晚播因穗数大幅下降导致减产,平均减产0.34 t/hm2。随播期推迟,2播种方式下氮素吸收效率和氮素利用效率分别呈降低和升高趋势,相对于D1、D2播期,宽幅条件下D3、D4播期氮素吸收效率下降的幅度与氮素利用效率提升的幅度相当,因此仍可维持较高的氮素利用率;常规条播下晚播处理氮素吸收效率下降的幅度显著高于氮素利用效率提升的幅度,进而导致氮素利用率平均降低1.01 kg/kg。相对于常规条播,小麦生产上采用宽幅播种,在高产高效的同时可实现较宽播期范围内产量和氮素利用率的稳定。     

一年两熟地区小麦的磷肥累积利用率研究

本研究是在田间试验和土壤、植株实验室大量分析结果基础上完成的。通过连续三茬的磷肥后效试验 ,弄清了小麦施用不同量级磷肥条件下 ,磷肥首季利用率的变化及后季作物对前茬残留磷肥的利用状况。为适当降低或隔茬施用磷肥 ,实行测土调控施磷 ,合理利用磷肥资源提供科学依据。     

氮磷配施对“济麦22”小麦产量及品质的影响

通过田间试验研究了氮磷配施对超高产冬小麦"济麦22"产量及磨粉品质、糊化特性、面团流变学特性及烘焙品质等的影响。结果看出,容重、出粉率与磨粉品质呈显著正相关;峰值粘度和峰值时间对面粉糊化特性影响显著;湿面筋含量、沉降值与面团流变学特性指标呈显著或极显著正相关,且对烘焙品质的影响显著。产量和品质的大部分指标随施氮磷量的增加而发生显著变化,氮磷肥对产量和品质的互作效应显著。施N 300 kg/hm2、P 150kg/hm2处理可获得超高产,且容重、出粉率、湿面筋含量、沉降值及面团稳定时间均显著高于其它处理,表现出较好的磨粉品质和烘焙品质。表明在本试验条件下,该施肥量是济麦22优质超高产的最佳施肥模式。     

施磷水平对晋南旱地冬小麦产量及磷素利用的影响

在自然降水条件下, 通过大田试验研究了施磷量对晋南旱地冬小麦部分抗性指标、产量、磷素利用率以及1 m土壤磷素形态分布特征的影响。结果表明: 施磷可以提高旱地冬小麦抗逆性、穗数, 进而提高产量, 但对穗粒数和千粒重影响不明显。在0~120 kg(P₂O₅)·hm^-2施磷范围内, 小麦生育期旗叶硝酸还原酶(NR)活性、穗数和产量随施磷量增加显著增加, 丙二醛(MDA)和脯氨酸(Pro)含量随施磷量增加显著降低。当施磷量达到180 kg(P₂O₅)·hm^-2时, 旗叶中MDA、Pro含量降低幅度较小, 甚至会升高; NR活性除抽穗期外不再有显著变化, 穗数和产量变化亦不显著。磷素施入土壤后易固定, 导致磷肥利用率偏低, 当季回收率仅为9%~13%, 以施磷60~120 kg(P₂O₅)·hm^-2为最高。1 m土壤各土层Hedley形态磷分布特征表现为: HCl-Pi>Residual-P> HCl-Po>NaOH-Pi>NaHCO₃-Pi>NaOH-Po>H₂O-Pi>NaHCO₃-Po>H₂O-Po, 其中以HCl-P和Residual-P为主, 分 别占全磷的75%和20%左右, H₂O-P、NaHCO₃-P和NaOH-P含量共占全磷的5%左右。施入土壤中的磷素当 季主要被固定在0~20 cm土层, 不同Hedley形态磷增加量总体在0~39.11 mg·kg^-1之间, 且施磷越多, 被固定磷素就越多。综合考虑冬小麦抗逆性、产量及磷素利用率, 当地旱作冬小麦施磷量(P₂O₅))以120 kg·hm^-2左右为宜。     

施氮模式对冬小麦/夏玉米产量及氮素利用的影响

采用大田试验,在小麦季N 250kg /hm2和玉米季N 200kg /hm2氮肥供应条件下,连续2年度（2007～2009）观测了不同施氮模式对冬小麦/夏玉米产量及氮素利用的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,常规施肥、有机无机复合肥、控释复合肥、控失复合肥以及改变氮肥基追配比处理均显著提高冬小麦/夏玉米子粒产量和干物质积累量,小麦季各处理产量大小依次为:控释复合肥控失复合肥有机无机复合肥改变氮肥基追配比常规施肥,提高幅度在107.5%～147.4%;玉米季各处理产量大小依次为:控释复合肥控失复合肥有机无机复合肥常规施肥改变氮肥基追配比,提高幅度在28.5%～56.1%。与常规施肥处理比较,控释复合肥、控失复合肥和有机无机复合肥处理冬小麦氮肥偏生产力和氮肥农学效率提高2.2～5.1 kg/kg,夏玉米提高3.6～7.6 kg/kg;但改变基追配比处理在小麦季高于常规处理,在玉米季则低于当地常规施肥处理。从产量和氮肥利用率方面综合分析,有机无机复合肥、控释复合肥、控失复合肥均可作为适宜研究区域推广的肥料品种,而改变基追配比处理相对较适宜冬小麦季。     

Introduction of composted rock phosphate and poultry manure enhances winter wheat phosphorus use efficiency,grain yield and soil quality

This field study evaluates the integrated impact of poultry manure (PM), rock phosphate (RP), composted rock phosphate (CRP) and single super phosphate (SSP) on the growth, yield, and phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) of winter wheat and their effect on postharvest soil characteristics. The seven treatments were as follows: T₁ = control; T₂ = SSP full; T₃ = PM full; T₄ = RP full; T₅ = CRP full; T₆ = 50% SSP + 50% CRP (50:50); T₇ = 50% PM + 50% CRP (50:50) at a recommended P rate of 90 kg ha^?1. The combined treatment with PM + CRP produced the highest straw yield of 3582 kg ha^?1, grain yield of 2226 kg ha^?1, P uptake of 21.3 kg ha^?1, and PUE of 18%. The postharvest soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and soil available phosphorus were sig-nificantly higher in integrated treatments.