Effect of potassium and boron upon yield and nutrient concentration of alfalfa

An alfalfa experiment was conducted to determine the effect of rates of K applied in the fall and rates of K applied, one‐half in the fall and one‐half after first harvest, upon yield and chemical composition. Three rates of B applied in the fall and also one‐half in the fall and one‐half after first harvest at the highest K rate (560 kg/ha) were also included. Herbage samples were taken from each plot at each harvest and analyzed for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn. Significant effects of fertility upon yield and nutrient content were observed. Harvest x fertility interactions also affected many parameters. The Cu concentration of herbage was relatively uniform and not significantly affected by any factors studied.     

锰与硼喷施对紫花苜蓿产量和矿质元素含量的影响

采用叶面喷施的方法,研究不同水平锰与硼对紫花苜蓿草产量和矿质元素含量的影响.结果表明,喷施锰、硼促进了紫花苜蓿草产量的增加,适量则效果显著(P < 0.05),以施锰浓度200 mg·L-1(Mn2处理)和硼浓度600 mg·L-1(B3处理)效果最好,草产量比对照分别提高809.49和1 065.35 kg·hm-2;喷施锰肥能显著提高锌和锰的含量;适量则能显著提高紫花苜蓿磷、钴、硒、铁和钼的含量,喷施锰肥降低了钙和铜的含量,适量则影响显著;喷施锰肥,硼的含量略有降低;且锰含量与施锰量呈正相关,硒、铜含量与施锰量呈负相关;而铁、锌含量随施锰量增加呈先升后降趋势.喷施硼肥显著提高了锌和磷含量,显著降低了钙、钼、硒的含量,显著提高钴、铁、锰、硼的含量,喷施硼肥,铜的含量略有下降;且锌、硼含量与施硼量呈正相关,铁、钙、钼、铜、硒含量与施硼量呈负相关;而锰、磷含量随施硼量增加呈先升后降趋势.     

锌硼钼配施对川白芷药材农艺性状与产量的影响

【目的】 川白芷道地产区遂宁的紫色土有效态养分中缺硼和较缺锌、钼,成为川白芷优质高产的限制因子之一。本研究旨在探索锌、硼、钼三种微量元素肥料对遂宁地区川白芷药材的农艺性状和产量的影响,找出适合遂宁地区川白芷的微肥配施方案。 【方法】 采用三元二次正交旋转组合设计进行田间试验,在川白芷生长旺盛期前分3次进行锌、硼、钼微肥叶面喷施处理,2015年7月采收,分别测定药材的农艺性状和产量。使用DPS软件解析数据建立了锌、硼、钼与川白芷药材农艺性状和产量的函数模型,通过F检验,分析了回归方程和各项回归系数的显著性,利用模型分析了微量元素肥料对根折干率、根密度、根体积、根长、根直径及产量的影响,使用统计频数法和灰色关联度和DTOPSIS法综合各项指标获得最优施肥方案。 【结果】 施用锌、硼、钼微肥可影响川白芷药材根部农艺性状,并显著影响其产量,且因素间存在显著的协同效应和抑制效应。单因素分析结果表明,本研究施肥水平下各因素对根折干率、根体积、根长、根直径和产量的影响大小为钼>锌>硼,对根密度的影响大小为硼>锌>钼。在一定范围内,钼能增加根体积、降低根密度,锌能增加根直径,硼抑制根密度和根长。互作效应分析结果表明,锌肥和硼肥互作、锌肥和钼肥互作对产量增加存在显著的抑制效应,锌肥和钼肥互作抑制根体积,钼肥和硼肥互作抑制根密度。根据统计频数法优化出锌肥0.0305～0.0960 kg/hm2、硼肥1.0270～1.7928 kg/hm2、钼肥0.1354～0.1774 kg/hm2的最佳施肥配方,利用灰色关联度和DTOPSIS法综合获得使用锌肥0.06 kg/hm2、硼肥2.28 kg/hm2、钼肥0.17 kg/hm2下产量最高,较对照增加了44.4%。 【结论】 锌、硼、钼三种微肥配合施用对川白芷增产有显著的效果,但是需要适量施用,过量施用对产量会产生抑制效果。      

硼钼肥浸种对鲜食大豆的增产效果

试验于2006年在泰顺县司前镇台边村进行;供试土壤为泥砂田,0~20 cm土壤有机质含量3.1%、全氮(N)0.151%、速效磷(P2O5)12.4 mg/kg、速效钾(K2O)148 mg/kg、pH 5.5、有效硼(B)0.14 mg/kg、有效钼(Mo)0.12 mg/kg;供试作物为大豆,品种为台75.     

罗平烟区土壤有效硼、钼含量与烟叶硼、钼含量的关系分析

以罗平县植烟土壤为研究对象,分析了罗平县土壤有效硼、有效钼含量及其互作与烟叶硼、钼含量的关系。结果表明:(1)罗平县土壤有效硼含量平均值为0.540 mg/kg,变幅为0.051~3.033 mg/kg,变异系数为77.78%;土壤有效钼含量丰富,平均值为0.489 mg/kg,变幅为0~3.458 mg/kg,变异系数高达98.77%。(2)罗平县烟叶硼含量平均值为16.301 mg/kg,变幅为2.163~35.684 mg/kg,符合优质烤烟硼含量范围内的样本数占总数的88.89%;烟叶钼含量偏低,平均值为0.535 mg/kg,变幅为0.059~4.059 mg/kg,符合优质烟叶生长发育钼含量的样本数占总样本数的48.83%。(3)烟叶硼含量与土壤有效硼含量呈极显著正相关,相关系数为0.215,烟叶硼含量(y^)与土壤有效硼含量(x)的回归方程为y^=14.720+2.925x;烟叶钼含量与土壤有效钼含量呈极显著正相关,相关系数为0.411,烟叶钼含量(y^)与土壤有效钼含量(x)的回归方程为y^=0.335+0.409x;(4)土壤有效硼和有效钼的交互作用对烟叶硼含量存在极显著影响,但对烟叶钼含量的影响未达到显著水平。     

施磷对紫花苜蓿光合特性以及生长的影响

盆栽条件下不同施磷水平对苜蓿光合特性及其产量和品质的影响研究表明，在苜蓿充分供应氮、钾等其它营养的基础上，适量施用磷肥能显著增加苜蓿叶片的叶绿素含量，提高其光合作用，从而促进苜蓿植株生长，增加苜蓿产量和品质。本试验条件下P4处理的紫花苜蓿两次收割的植株平均高度与不施磷比较，增加了3．54cm、侧枝数增加3．78个／株、全年产草量增加25％；苜蓿粗蛋白含量年平均比对照增加了4．87％；粗纤维含量年平均比对照降低了5．85％。达到最佳经济产量的施磷（P2O5）量为106mg／kg.     

钼、硼对大豆光合效率的影响

以大豆(Glycinemax)浙春3号、浙春2号和3811等3个品种为材料,设置了不同的钼、硼处理(低钼低硼,施钼,施硼和钼、硼同施),研究了钼、硼对大豆光合效率的影响。结果表明,施钼或硼促进了大豆叶面积的扩大,提高了大豆光合速率和荚的可溶性糖含量,延缓了大豆生育后期叶绿素的衰退,增强大豆的呼吸作用,降低茎和叶的可溶性糖含量,从而提高了大豆的光合效率,且钼、硼同施作用更大。在对大豆光合叶面积、叶绿素含量和呼吸作用的影响强度上,钼的作用于大硼;对大豆光合速率和可溶性糖含量的影响强度,硼的作用大于钼。3个大豆品种对钼、硼的反应存在一定的基因型差异。     

锰、硼对紫花苜蓿草产量和矿质元素含量的影响

采用叶面喷施的方法,研究不同水平锰、硼对紫花苜蓿草产量和矿质元素含量的影响。结果表明,喷施锰、硼可增加紫花苜蓿产草量;施锰200 mg/kg（Mn2处理）和硼600 mg/kg（B3处理）效果最好,草产量比CK分别显著提高809.49和1065.35 kg/hm2。喷施锰肥能显著提高紫花苜蓿锌和锰的含量,适量喷施能显著提高磷、钴、硒、铁和钼的含量;但喷施锰肥降低了紫花苜蓿钙、铜和硼的含量,适量喷施能显著降低钙和铜的含量。紫花苜蓿锰含量与施锰量呈正相关,硒、铜含量与施锰量呈负相关,而铁、锌含量随施锰量增加呈先升后降趋势。喷施硼肥显著提高了紫花苜蓿锌和磷含量,显著降低了钙、钼、硒的含量,而适量喷施硼肥能显著提高钴、铁、锰、硼的含量,但喷施硼肥未显著降低紫花苜蓿铜的含量。紫花苜蓿锌、硼含量与施硼量呈正相关,铁、钙、钼、铜、硒含量与施硼量呈负相关,而锰、磷含量随施硼量增加呈先升后降趋势。     

不同钾硼水平下棉花生长及钾硼利用效率的差异

用鄂抗8号棉花为试验材料,以水培的方法研究了不同钾、硼水平下棉花的生长状况及钾、硼的利用效率。结果表明:与正常处理(K 20 mg/L,B 0.2 mg/L)棉花相比,(1)缺钾(K 2 mg/L,B 0.2 mg/L)阻碍棉花地上部正常生长、干物质的积累,叶绿素合成受阻,但促进了根的伸长,缺钾不利于棉株对硼的吸收和利用,增加钾供应量可以促进硼的吸收利用。(2)缺硼(K 20 mg/L,B 0.002 mg/L)不利于棉株生长,棉株干物质积累量减少,不利于棉花对钾的吸收利用。(3)缺钾缺硼(K 2 mg/L,B 0.002 mg/L)时,棉花的生物量、SPAD值和钾、硼积累量均显著降低,钾的利用效率升高了143%,但对硼的利用受到抑制。研究结果表明,缺钾阻碍棉花对硼的吸收利用,缺硼不利于棉花对钾的吸收利用,而缺钾缺硼时,棉花对钾的利用受到促进,对硼的利用受到抑制。     

Effect of foliar and soil applied zinc on soil test levels,herbage composition,and yields of alfalfa

Abstract

Forages in the Northeast generally do not contain enough Zn to meet the National Research Council (NRC) recommended allowance for dairy cattle (40 mg/kg Zn). A study was undertaken to determine if foliar or soil application of Zn could increase Zn levels in alfalfa herbage to the NRC recommended allowance.

Alfalfa was treated with Zn by foliar applications of 0.34 and 0.68 kg/ha and soil application of 4.07 kg/ha. An untreated check was also included in the study. Average herbage Zn levels were 33.1 and 50.1 mg/kg for the low and high foliar applications, respectively. These levels were significantly higher than that of the check, 18.9 kg/ha. Average herbage Zn levels for the soil applied Zn treatment was 23.4 mg/kg. This level was also significantly higher than that of the check.

Although foliar Zn application significantly raised herbage Zn levels above those of the check, the results were erratic. The 40 mg/kg level was reached only one‐third of the time with the 0.34 kg/ha foliar application and two‐thirds of the time with the 0.68 kg/ha foliar application. Due to lower yields in comparison with cut 1, foliar application was more effective in raising herbage Zn levels in cuts 2 and 3. Foliar application of Zn does not appear to be a reliable means of insuring adequate herbage Zn levels for dairy cattle.     

Effect of sulfur,calcium, and boron on tissue nutrient concentration and potato yield 1

Field studies were conducted over three years on Podzol soils in Prince Edward Island (P.E.I.) on the effect of sulfur (S), calcium (Ca), and boron (B) fertilization on tissue nutrient concentration and potato yield. Leaf tissues were sampled at 10% bloom and again two weeks later for S, Ca, and B analysis. In the absence of S fertilization, S deficiency symptoms, as evidenced by lighter green foliage were found. The mean tuber yield response due to S addition was 1.1 (SE = 0.40) t/ha. Addition of S either as gypsum or magnesium sulfate was effective in overcoming the S deficiency symptoms and in increasing the S concentration in the leaves. Calcium and B additions did not affect the tuber yields. While Ca applications were ineffective in increasing the Ca concentration in the leaf tissue, B applications significantly increased the leaf tissue B concentration in both samplings. The interaction effects between S, Ca, and B were not significant on any of the components tested. Data indicated that 0.25 to 0.27 and 0.28 to 0.32% S in potato leaves were in the S deficiency and sufficiency range, respectively. This is the first documented case of S deficiency in the field in P.E.I. Potatoes and possibly other crops should be monitored for S‐deficiency symptoms and S levels in plant tissues should be recorded to detect any trends.     

氮磷钾配施对紫锥菊有效成分含量的影响

研究氮磷钾施肥对紫锥菊有效成分含量的影响。通过液体培养试验,初步分析不同施肥条件下紫锥菊中咖啡酸、绿原酸、单咖啡酰酒石酸和菊苣酸的含量变化。结果表明,N肥对4种有效成分影响各不相同,P肥以不施为宜,高量K肥对紫锥菊植株中4种有效成分的积累都是有利的。不施P肥,450 mg/L的N肥,783mg/L的K肥最有利于植株中主要有效成分菊苣酸的积累。     

硼、钼营养对甘蓝型油菜产量和品质影响的研究

采用盆栽试验方法,研究施硼、钼和硼钼配施对两个油菜品种种子产量和品质的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,两品种3个处理(+B、+Mo、+B+Mo)的子粒产量均有显著的增产作用,中双6号(双低品种)增幅均达到显著水平,其中以+Mo处理增产效果最好;中油821(双高品种)+B和+B+Mo处理的增幅高于+Mo处理。单施硼肥(+B)和钼肥(+Mo),中双6号增产效果高于中油821;硼、钼配施(+B+Mo),中油821的增产效果好于中双6号。两个油菜品种含油量显著高于对照,其中+Mo处理增幅最大,中油821以+B处理增幅最大,但处理间差异均不显著;芥酸含量较对照明显下降,中双6号以+Mo和+B+Mo处理降低显著,分别下降了1.0和0.8个百分点,中油821下降幅度为1.4～6.4个百分点,以+B、+B+Mo处理下降较为显著;中双6号硫甙含量较对照下降1.5%～13.1%,其中+Mo和+B+Mo处理差异显著,中油821降幅为9.0%～29.1%,差异均达显著水平。本文的研究结果表示,硼、钼营养有利于油菜子粒产量的提高和品质的改善,但影响的程度在不同品种中存在差异。     

施肥对马铃薯钼吸收分配的影响

通过设对照(CK)、有机肥(M)、氮磷肥(NP)、有机肥与氮磷肥配合(M+NP)4个处理的田间试验,研究了施肥对马铃薯(品种为紫花白)钼吸收分配规律的影响。结果表明,马铃薯生育期中,全株钼含量变化在0.73～1.83mg/kg,叶、茎、块茎平均含量依次为3.20、0.98、0.57 mg/kg。随生育进程推进,全株及各器官钼吸收量呈"S"型曲线变化,均可用一元三次方程表达。块茎增长期是全株钼素吸收量最多、吸收速率最快的时期,最大吸收速率出现在出苗后55 d左右;最大吸收量出现在出苗后85 d左右。随着生长中心由茎叶向块茎的转移,钼在体内的分布相应由茎叶向块茎移动,收获期茎叶分布69%,钼的运转率为31%。每生产1000 kg鲜块茎,平均吸收钼0.506 g,消耗系数0.00017。有机肥或氮磷肥配施,均可大幅度提高马铃薯钼含量、吸收速率、吸收量;对促进钼素吸收呈正交互作用。     

硼对烤烟硼、钾积累及碳氮代谢的影响

采用砂培法研究不同硼浓度处理对烤烟碳氮代谢的影响.结果表明,低浓度硼(5 μmol/LH3BO3)处理下,烟株各器官中的硼、氮、钾、干物质积累以及NO3-的吸收及同化受阻,叶片中的NH4 积累增加,而氨基酸和蛋白质含量降低;缺硼还降低烟株叶片的光合速率,并使叶片中的水溶性葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖、淀粉大量积累.增加硼的供给(20/μmol/L和40 μmol/L),使烟株叶片碳氮代谢增强.植株各器官的氮、钾、硼含量增加,干物质积累增强.     

Effect of gypsum on potassium and iron release from phlogopite to alfalfa

This study evaluated the effects of gypsum on the release rate of potassium (K) and iron (Fe) from phlogopite to alfalfa under greenhouse conditions. The medium was a mixture of quartz sand as filling material, K- and Fe-bearing micaceous mineral (phlogopite) and different levels of gypsum (0%, 2%, 5%, 12% and 25%). During the 6-month cultivation period, the pots were irrigated and/or fed with distilled water and four different nutrient solutions. The results showed statistically significant effects of different levels of gypsum on dry weight and K and Fe concentration of shoots and roots. It seems that an increase in calcium (Ca) concentration, due to the addition of gypsum, changes the equilibrium of K and Fe in the root zone and plant tissues. The results of this study show that the rate of K and Fe release from micaceous minerals is extremely reduced in the presence of gypsum.     

施肥对不同品种苜蓿生产力及土壤肥力的影响

研究了不同施肥处理对生长7年的3个紫花苜蓿品种的产量及土壤养分的影响。结果表明,NP配施和单施K肥对苜蓿均有显著的增产效果,不同施肥对不同品种的生产力影响效果不同。N30P120处理巨人201+Z和牧歌401+Z产量最高,分别比对照增产41.1%和74.8%;单施K60处理,路宝比对照增产了76.7%。种植苜蓿可以提高土壤氮的有效性,生长7年的苜蓿根系固氮在土壤仍有累积。种植苜蓿,不施肥处理土壤全氮含量均有不同程度增加,而土壤全磷和全钾略有下降。随磷肥用量的增加而增加,N30P120处理土壤速效磷增加11.45～41.7 mg/kg;单施钾肥,土壤速效磷含量提高了3.71～4.41 mg/kg,全钾含量增加了0.06～1.69 mg/kg。     

Effect of gypsum on soil potassium and magnesium status and growth of alfalfa

Abstract

Though surface‐applied gypsum has been shown to be useful in reducing the subsoil acidity syndrome, excessive application could reduce the availability of other essential cations in soil. This study was conducted to determine the effects of surface‐applied gypsum on the availability of potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) in field soils. Field experiments were conducted on Davidson and Tifton series soils in the southeastern United States with 6 main ameliorant treatments (0, 2, 5, and 10 t gypsum/ha, soil profile mixed to 1 m without lime incorporation and, mixed with lime to 1‐m depth), and 2 levels of Mg (0 and 100 kg Mg/ha) and 4 levels of K (0, 125, 250, and 375 kg K/ha) in a split‐split plot configuration. Alfalfa was grown on the Tifton soil and sorghum on the Davidson soil. Yields of alfalfa and sorghum increased with 2 t gypsum/ha but were adversely affected above 5 t gypsum/ha. Gypsum amendment at 2 t/ha reduced topsoil exchangeable Mg and K in both soils. In the soil profile study, exchangeable Mg was reduced throughout the upper 52.5‐cm depth, while no reduction of K was observed below the 22.5‐cm depth in either soil. The study indicates that Mg is more susceptible to leaching loss than K after surface application of gypsum. It is also suggested that surface‐applied gypsum be used as a soil ameliorant along with proper management of Mg and K fertilizers.     

Effect of foliar fertilization of potassium on yield,quality, and nutrient uptake of groundnut

Abstract

Groundnut (Arachis hypogae L.) is the most important oilseed crop of India and it is abundantly grown under rainfed conditions in vertisols of Western India. The objective of this work was to study the effect of potassium (K) basal and foliar fertilization on yield, nutrient concentration in tissue and quality parameters of groundnut. Two varieties, GAUG‐1 (bunch type) and GAUG‐10 (spreading type) were grown during Kharif (rainfed) and Rabi (irrigated) seasons at Junagadh, Gujarat. The experiment compared two foliarapplied K fertilizers (KCl and K₂SO₄) at two different doses (0.5 and 1.0%) with basal KCl application (0 and 50 kg K₂O ha^?1). Field soil was highly calcareous (pH 8.2, NH₄OAc extractable K 188 kg ha^?1 with 40% lime reserve) Vertic ustochrept. The results showed a significant response in pod yield with foliar and soil‐applied potassium as compared to the control treatment. Pod yields were significantly higher when basal and foliar applications were combined. The best results were achieved with foliar application of 1% KCl together with a basal fertilization with 50 kg K₂O ha^?1. Response to foliar‐applied K was higher in rainfed kharif crop than in irrigated rabi crop. Groundnut variety GAUG‐10 out yielded GAUG‐1. Foliar K application increased plant tissue concentration of K. Foliar fertilization with KCl and K₂SO₄ did not cause leaf burn. Potassium application improved the crop harvest index and grain quality parameters of boldness, protein and oil contents. Response to K in quality parameters of protein and oil contents of seed was more consistent with foliar applied K₂SO₄ . The results confirmed that the practice of foliar K nutrition when used as a supplement and not a substitute for standard soil fertilization, is beneficial for groundnut crop in Western India.     

Effect of potassium phosphate fertilization on production and emission of methane and its C-stable isotope composition in rice microcosms

Rice fields are an important source for atmospheric CH₄, but the effects of fertilization are not well known. We studied the turnover of CH₄ in rice soil microcosms without and with addition of potassium phosphate. Height and tiller number of rice plants were higher in the fertilized than in the unfertilized microcosms. Emission rates of CH₄ were also higher, but porewater concentrations of CH₄ were lower. The δ¹³C values of the emitted CH₄ and of the CH₄ in the porewater were both 2-6% higher in the fertilized microcosms than in the control. Potassium phosphate did not affect rate and isotopic signature of CH₄ production in anoxic soil slurries. On the other hand, roots retrieved from fertilized microcosms at the end of incubation exhibited slightly higher CH₄ production rates and slightly higher CH₄-δ¹³C values compared to roots from unfertilized plants. Addition of potassium phosphate to excised rice roots generally inhibited CH₄ production and resulted in increasingly lower δ¹³C values of the produced CH₄. Fractionation of ¹³C during plant ventilation (i.e. δ¹³C in pore water CH₄ versus CH₄ emitted) was larger in the fertilized microcosms than in the control. Besides plant ventilation, this difference may also have been caused by CH₄ oxidation in the rhizosphere. However, calculation from the isotopic data showed that less than 27% of the produced CH₄ was oxidized. Collectively, our results indicate that potassium phosphate fertilization stimulated CH₄ emission by enhancing root methanogenesis, plant ventilation and/or CH₄ oxidation, resulting in residence times of CH₄ in the porewater in the order of hours.