硝酸镧浸种对水稻发芽和幼苗生长的效应

用不同浓度的硝酸镧溶液,处理汕优桂99(三系品种)、桂光一号(二系品种)和广桂110(常规品种)3个水稻品种的种子。结果表明:对汕优桂99和桂光一号有促进芽生长、抑制根生长的作用;对广桂110前期有促进根生长,后期有促进菌生长的作用。3个水稻品种的种子经硝酸镧处理后,对α-淀粉酶活性、呼吸速率和光合速率均有不同程度的增强效应.     

ZINC-COATED UREA IMPROVES PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF BASMATI RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.) UNDER ZINC STRESS CONDITION

A field study conducted for two years (2006 and 2007) at the Research Farm of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India showed that zinc (Zn) fertilization increased yield attributes, grain and straw yield, enhanced Zn concentrations and its uptake and improved kernel quality before and after cooking in basmati rice ‘Pusa Sugandh 5’. A 2% Zn-coating with zinc sulfate (ZnSO₄·7H₂O) was found to be the best but a 2% Zn-coating with zinc oxide (ZnO) was very close to it in terms of grain and straw yield and Zn concentrations in basmati rice grain and straw under Zn stress conditions. Partial factor productivity (PFP) of applied Zn varied from 984–3,387 kg grain kg Zn^?1, agronomic efficiency (AE) varied from 212–311 kg grain kg^?1 Zn (applied) and physiological efficiency (PE) of Zn varied from 6,384–17,077 kg grain kg^?1 Zn (absorbed). Thus, adequate Zn fertilization of basmati rice can lead to higher grain yield and Zn-denser grains with improved cooking quality in basmati rices under Zn stress soil conditions.     

辐照对华山松种子萌芽以及幼苗生长的影响

华山松催芽后的种子用60Coγ射线辐照,种植结果表明:辐照延缓了种子萌芽期和萌芽高峰期,降低了萌芽率和幼苗的生活力,同时也降低了黄色苗在幼苗中的比例和幼苗的生长高度,对黄色苗的抑制作用更为明显。     

增硝营养对不同基因型水稻苗期吸铵和生长的影响

随着水稻节水栽培技术越来越得到广泛的应用与推广以及水稻在淹水条件下根际氧化圈的存在,水稻的硝酸盐营养作用受到更大的关注。利用水培方法研究了4种具代表性的水稻基因型(常规籼稻、常规粳稻、杂交籼稻、杂交粳稻)在苗期(2 8d)的铵(NH 4 )吸收动力学特性以及硝(NO-3 )对NH 4 吸收动力学特征和叶片谷氨酰胺合成酶活性(GSA)的影响。结果表明:增NO-3 营养可以增加水稻对氮素的吸收,提高氮素利用率,进而促进水稻生长;不同基因型之间NH 4 吸收速率的差异为:杂交籼稻>常规籼稻>杂交粳稻>常规粳稻;NO-3 的存在促进了水稻对NH 4 的吸收,增加水稻吸收NH 4 的Vmax值(4个品种平均增加31 5 % ) ,而对其Km 值影响不大(4个品种平均增加4 2 6 % ) ,说明NO-3 对NH 4 吸收的影响主要在于影响NH 4 载体的运转速率而非吸收位点与NH 4 之间的亲和性;增NO-3 营养可以增加叶片谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)的活性,提高水稻同化NH 4 的能力     

ROLE OF BORON IN LEAF ELONGATION AND TILLERING DYNAMICS IN FINE-GRAIN AROMATIC RICE

This study was conducted to explore the role of boron (B) in seedling emergence, leaf elongation, and tillering dynamics. Boron was applied as seed priming. For priming seeds of two rice cultivars (Super Basmati and Shaheen Basmati) were soaked in B solutions having 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 0.5% concentrations. Substantial improvement in seedling emergence was observed from hydropriming and seed priming in 0.001 and 0.01% solutions; beyond this B concentration, emergence potential was suppressed. Seeds primed in 0.5% B solution even did not emerge. A linear increase in plant height was recorded up to 30 days from seeds primed in 0.001% solution. Similarly rate of leaf emergence and elongation and rate of tiller appearance were substantially improved in seedlings raised from seeds primed in 0.001% B solution. Overall B plays a significant role in leaf appearance, elongation and tillering dynamics of rice when used in very low concentration.     

模拟酸雨对杂交苏丹草种子萌芽及幼苗生长的影响

采用不同pH值的模拟酸雨对杂交苏丹草皖草2号进行处理,测定对其种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。试验结果表明,酸雨会导致土壤酸化,pH值大于4.0的酸雨对杂交苏丹草种子的发芽和幼苗生长无不良影响,pH值低于4.0的酸雨对杂交苏丹草种子的发芽和幼苗生长具有抑制作用,且pH值越低,所产生的不利影响越大。     

SODIUM CHLORIDE PRIMING IMPROVES SALINITY RESPONSE OF TOMATO AT SEEDLING STAGE

We aimed to investigate whether sodium chloride seed priming and irrigation at seedling stage enhance response of 5-leaf stage tomato plants (Lycopersium esculentum Mill.) to high salt stress. Three experimental groups were as; non-primed seeds, seeds primed with 0.05M sodium chloride (NaCl), and seeds primed and irrigated with 0.05M NaCl starting from sowing to salt stress application. Sodium chloride solutions (0.1M, 0.2M, 0.4M, and 0.6M) were added to cups under pots in every 2 days for 10 days to treatment groups. Control groups were irrigated with distilled water at the same time intervals. At least two experimental setups contained at least four plants, and two samplings of leaf and root tissues were performed for analysis of each plant to evaluate changes in pigment and proline contents, lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage levels, and ascorbate peroxidase and catalase activity. Priming reduced mean germination time, and increased final germination percentage together with energy of germination. Increased root and hypocotyl lengths as well as increases in fresh weights supported enhanced seedling vigor. Considering growth and stress parameters such as chlorophyll content, chlorophyll to carotenoid ratios, and lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage were less affected in primed plants. Moreover, improvement of the accumulation of osmoregulating defense molecules, such as proline and anthocyanin, and of the inductions of the antioxidative enzyme system points out to higher adaptive response of these plants against deleterious effects of salt.     

旱作与覆盖方式对水稻吸收利用氮的影响

水稻是一种喜水或嗜水植物,具有半水生或湿生的习性,淹水栽培使水稻种植不仅耗水量巨大而且水资源浪费严重.因降雨量在地区间、季节间、年际间分配不均,加之受水源多少、引水灌溉难易等的影响,使不少稻田由于水资源短缺以及水分供需矛盾的原因往往造成水稻产量低而不稳甚至改种其它作物.水稻旱作是克服水分不足的高效节水稻作技术,作为一种抗旱手段,水稻旱作为水资源不足的地区、高亢地及低洼易涝旱作区、干旱所致的缺水地区扩种水稻、减少灌溉用水,加快种植业结构调整、提高农民收入有着重要意义[1,2].     

V-A菌根对杜果实生苗吸收营养和生长的影响

在灭菌的土壤条件下,对杧果实生苗进行接种 V-A 菌根菌试验。结果V-A 菌根对苗木有明显的促进生长效应,接菌的株高、茎粗、植株干物重均比对照有明显的增加,叶片叶绿素含量、光合速率、根系活力也有所提高,而且增强了植株对营养元素的吸收。     

中子辐照及其与赤霉素复合处理水稻种子对水稻苗期生长的影响

以快中子脉冲堆对水稻种子进行中子辐照后用赤霉素(GA3)处理,对处理的种子发芽和幼苗生长情况进行研究。结果表明,红矮B和CB的致死注量为486×1010/cm2,绵恢2009为900×1010/cm2,明恢63和绵恢2095则为1350×1010/cm2;半致死注量:红矮B和CB为198~486×1010/cm2之间,绵恢2009约为486×1010/cm2,明恢63为629.48×1010/cm2,绵恢2095为774.69×1010/cm2。辐射敏感性表现为保持系>恢复系,即红矮B、CB>绵恢2009>明恢63>绵恢2095。赤霉素为有效的中子辐射防护剂,40和80mg/L是水稻中子辐照复合处理适宜的浓度。     

INFLUENCE OF BORON ON SPIKELET FERTILITY UNDER VARIED SOIL CONDITIONS IN RICE GENOTYPES

Rice, grown on a wide range of soils with varying soil pH levels boron (B) availability, uptake and mobilization could be limiting hence may lead to lower productivity and rice yields has been tested at 11 locations on low yielding rice genotypes from, Initial Evaluation Trials (IET) of AICRIP viz.IET 20979, IET 21003, IET 21007, IET 21014, IET 21025 and Rasi as check variety. Active boron supplemented as foliar spray at anthesis stage at 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 ppm. Grains with 1.20 (High density), and 1.06 (normal density) specific gravity (sp. gr.) and unfilled grains were determined. The results showed that application of boron resulted in increase in grain number (25–45) and reduced the number of unfilled spikelets. At majority of the locations, application of 0.4 ppm boron had resulted in significant increase in grain yield (4–8%). Cultures, IET 20979, IET 21007, and IET 21014 showed a positive response with the 0.4 ppm application at the majority of locations.     

苗盘高度和育苗密度对烟苗生长发育的影响

塑料泡沫育苗盘作为漂浮育苗方式是不可或缺的基础设施,长期的化工制造不仅造成生态环境的污染,同时造成育苗成本的不断提高。本研究以降低育苗成本,培育优质壮苗为目的,研究了不同苗盘高度和育苗密度对烟苗生长发育及病虫害发生的影响,并分析了轻简育苗的经济效益。结果表明:以苗盘高度5cm、育苗密度160株/盘的育苗盘所育烟苗根系发达,苗株健壮,病害发生率低,综合生理生化指标优于常规育苗盘所育烟苗,经济效益提高1.95元/盘。本试验结果可为环保材料矮化育苗盘开发的规格提供参考。     

双季杂交早稻秧苗素质对产量及内源激素水平的影响

以产量性能差异大的双季杂交早稻超级稻品种淦鑫203和对照品种淦鑫206为材料,比较了2个品种不同秧苗素质下分蘖动态、产量及其构成因素的差异性,测定了水稻各主要生育阶段倒二叶内源激素含量,分析了其与产量形成的关系。结果表明:2个品种低素质秧苗条件下的产量及其构成因素均呈现不同程度下降,淦鑫203和淦鑫206低素质秧苗较正常秧苗单产分别下降6.23%和8.60%,单株有效穗数、每穗总粒数、结实率、千粒重分别下降8.70%和17.00%、6.65%和1.89%、1.31%和3.35%、2.08%和0.78%;低素质秧苗下,淦鑫203较淦鑫206单株茎蘖数的起降幅度更为平缓,成穗率更高;随生育推进,2个水稻品种不同素质秧苗大田期倒二叶ABA含量均持续升高,ZR含量持续下降,但淦鑫203变化幅度均较淦鑫206更为平缓;IAA、GA3含量变化则表现为先升后降趋势,至抽穗期达峰值,淦鑫203明显高于淦鑫206;同时IAA和GA3含量各主要生育时期均为低素质秧苗下较低,且其变化幅度更大;低素质秧苗下,从分蘖盛期至乳熟期淦鑫203倒二叶生长促进类激素总和(IAA+ZR+GA3)与生长抑制类激素ABA的比值均高于淦鑫206,且其总体下降也更平缓;淦鑫203不同素质秧苗下齐穗后生长促进类激素ZR、IAA和GA3与ABA的比值均高于同期淦鑫206;2个品种不同素质秧苗下产量及其形成、分蘖动态及4种内源激素的产生与调节方式存在差异,认为苗期逆境胁迫导致低秧苗素质,大田恢复正常管理下反弹性生长补偿能力与品种产量稳定性能有关。     

Cu2+对黄瓜发芽期发育和生理特性的影响

研究了Cu2+浓度对黄瓜发芽期发育和生理特性的影响。结果显示,低浓度Cu2+(25 mg/L)处理对黄瓜种子萌发和幼苗生长有促进作用,其种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、根长、下胚轴长、下胚轴粗度、生物量和相对含水量均高于对照及其他浓度处理;而幼苗的质膜相对透性、丙二醛含量、可溶性糖含量、脯氨酸含量及保护酶活性均在此浓度得达最低。但在高浓度Cu2+(Cu2+浓度在50~300mg/L时)处理下,随着Cu2+浓度增加,黄瓜种子萌发的各项指标开始下降,幼苗生长的各项生理指标开始上升,对黄瓜种子发芽和幼苗生长产生抑制作用,并在300mg/L时抑制作用最显著。     

~(60)Coγ辐射对野牛草干种子的刺激生长效应

用不同剂量(25～300Gy)60Coγ射线辐射野牛草干种子,对辐射后干种子的发芽情况和幼苗的性状进行了室内和田间观测,结果表明:辐射可促进干种子萌发,特别是100Gy辐射剂量可明显提高种子的发芽率;对田间出苗率,幼苗的根长、高度而言,150Gy是其临界点;辐照剂量在100Gy以下对幼苗的茎叶和根系鲜重有促进作用;因而,从实验结果中我们初步确定促进野牛草种子萌发适宜的辐射剂量为100～150Gy。     

广增素802对水稻生长的影响

于１９９３年早造分别在水稻秧苗期、分蘖期（孕穗期、齐穗期及灌浆期以０（对照），１００，２００，３００ｍｇ／Ｌ广增素８０２喷施叶面，研究广增素８０２对水稻生长的影响。结果表明：３００ｍｇ／Ｌ浓度的广增素８０２能增加水稻秧苗的叶绿素含量，降低ＡＴＰ酶的活性，增加秧苗的总根数、新根数和干物质重量，有利于培育壮秧。２００ｍｇ／Ｌ和３００ｍｇ／Ｌ浓度的广增素８０２能增加水稻产量，增产幅度为５．６７％～７．８６％，提高了水稻的有效穗数、每穗实粒数、结实率和千粒重。     

模拟酸雨下氯化镧处理对小麦发芽及幼苗生长的影响

模拟酸雨下采用不同浓度的氯化镧浸泡小麦种子,测定其对种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:在模拟酸雨下,1~100mg/L浓度的氯化镧可以促进小麦发芽、增加幼苗干重、促进根系生长、提高根系活力及叶绿素含量,并能抑制丙二醛和脯氨酸增多,增强了小麦对酸雨逆境的抵抗能力。从不同浓度的氯化镧对小麦的发芽、营养生长及生理指标的影响进行综合判断可知,以10mg/L的氯化镧处理效果最好。     

稻田养鱼对水稻生长发育的效应试验初报

对稻田养鱼(垄稻沟鱼)后的稻田土壤、田水、水稻植株、稻米蛋白质等进行了测定。结果表明:土壤和田水的氮,磷、钾含量均有明显提高,土壤的通透性得到改善;水稻的根系活力增强,分蘖增多,稻株的氮、磷、钾含量,叶片叶绿素含量,叶面积指数和干物质的累积均有明显增加,稻米的蛋白质含量也有所提高;稻田杂草基本根除,同时获得明显的经济效益。     

N+注入对不同倍性双胚苗水稻幼苗生长及酶活性的影响

以同源四倍体双胚苗水稻品系09-04-01和相应的二倍体09-02-01为研究材料,对其不同剂量离子注入后种子电解质外渗率及幼苗生长状况和酶活性做了初步研究.结果表明:离子注入后,09-04-01种子电解质外渗率与对照相比的平均增幅低于09-02-01;09-02-01在1.0×1017N+/cm2注入剂量下幼苗生长状...     

钾素营养对水稻根系生长和养分吸收的影响

本文研究了大田和盆栽试验中钾素营养对水稻根系形态、活力及其对养分吸收的影响。试验结果表明：（１）在氮磷肥的基础上施钾能促进稻根的生长；（２）土壤供钾潜力、钾肥种类和水稻品种的吸Ｋ特性均影响根系的生长；（３）在缺钾的酸性土壤上，吸钾强的品种，施钾的促根效应最为明显；（４）施钾能增加小于０．２ｍｍ的细根量，提高稻根的再生能力，影响Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ、Ｃａ、Ｍｇ等营养元素的吸收及其在地上和地下部分间的分配；（５