LEAF MINERAL COMPOSITION OF ‘NOVA’, ‘ROBINSON’ AND ‘FREMONT’ MANDARIN CULTIVARS ON DIFFERENT ROOTSTOCKS

Rootstock selection has a critical importance for mineral nutrition of budded cultivars. This study was conducted at the experimental farm of Mustafa Kemal University, Dörtyol, Turkey. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sour orange, Troyer and Carrizo citrange rootstocks on the leaf nutrient contents of ‘Nova’, ‘Robinson’, and ‘Fremont’ mandarin cultivars in the 2004 and 2005 growing seasons. Carrizo citrange was examined for nitrogen (N), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), and manganese (Mn); Troyer citrange for iron (Fe); and sour orange for calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn) were superior on the others. Nitrogen, phosphorus (P) and Mg levels of mandarin leaf budded on sour orange were under or just above the deficiency threshold. Potassium, Mn, and Zn content of ‘Robinson’; P, Ca and Fe content of ‘Fremont’; and Cu content of ‘Nova’ were statistically higher. Therefore, it can be concluded that Carrizo rootstock may be suggested for the region and regions with similar ecological conditions.     

INFLUENCE OF ROOTSTOCK ON MINERAL UPTAKE AND SCION GROWTH OF ‘GOLDEN DELICIOUS’ AND ‘ROYAL GALA’ APPLES

Influence of four rootstocks (M.9, MM.106, MM.111, and local seedling) on the scion leaf and fruit mineral concentrations, tree growth, yield and fruit quality attributes of ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Royal Gala’ apples during four seasons (2008–2011) were significant. The mechanisms behind the influence of rootstock on scion vigor and yield was that the rootstock brought about its effects upon the scion by influencing the amounts of minerals taken up and translocated to the scion. ‘Royal Gala’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ trees on seedling had the highest efficiency in calcium (Ca) and potassium (K) uptake. Whereas, trees of these cultivars on M.9 were more efficient in nitrogen (N), manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) uptake. MM.106 had the highest efficiency in phosphorous (P) uptake, and M.9 had the lowest K and Ca uptake. The highest N- fruit concentration and the lowest Ca-fruit concentration were observed in cultivars on M.9.     

RESPONSE OF ‘BURLAT’ SWEET CHERRY TREES TO POSTHARVEST SPRAYS OF NITROGEN,BORON AND ZINC

The aim of the study was to examine effects of postharvest sprays of nitrogen (N), boron (B), and zinc (Zn) on reproductive response of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) trees, fruit quality and plant nutrition. The experiment was conducted during 2007–2009 in central Poland on mature ‘Burlat’ sweet cherry trees/F12, grown on a coarse-textured soil with low level of organic matter, and optimal soil reaction. Soil status of phosphorus (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), Zn and copper (Cu) was optimal, whereas B – low. Sweet cherry trees were sprayed with boric acid-B, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-Zn, and urea-N at 30–40 d prior to initiation of leaf fall according to following schema: i) spray of N at a rate of 23 kg ha^?1; ii) spray of B and Zn at a dose of 1.1 kg ha^?1 and 0.5 kg ha^?1, respectively; and iii) spray of N, B and Zn at the same rates as in the above spray combinations. The trees sprayed with water served as the control. The results showed that fall spray treatments had no influence on cold damage of flower buds, plant N status and soluble solids concentration in fruit. Postharvest spray of N and combined spray of N, B and Zn injured leaves in the fall but did not cause defoliation. Sprays of B and Zn with or without N increased status of Zn and B in fall leaves, and B in flowers and midsummer leaves. Those sprays also improved fruit set and yield. In one out of two years of the study, fall sprays of N with or without B and Zn decreased mean fruit weight. The above results indicate that only leaf-applied B in the fall improved reproductive response of sweet cherry trees. It is concluded that under conditions of B shortage in a soil and/or plant tissues, postharvest B sprays can be recommended in sweet cherry orchards to improve reproductive growth of the trees.     

RESPONSE OF ‘GRANNY SMITH’ APPLE TREES TO FOLIAR TITANIUM SPRAYS UNDER CONDITIONS OF LOW SOIL AVAILABILITY OF IRON,MANGANESE, AND ZINC

The aim of the study was to examine impact of foliar titanium (Ti) sprays on vegetative and reproductive response of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees under conditions of low soil availability of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn). The experiment was conducted during 2005–2006 at a Experimental Station in Isparta region, Turkey, on mature ‘Granny Smith’ apple trees/M.9, planted at a spacing of 3.5 × 1.5 m, on fine-textured soil with neutral reaction, medium status of organic matter, high amounts of available phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and magnesium (Mg), and low availability of Fe, Mn, and Zn. The trees were sprayed with Ti-ascorbate at the green and pink bud stage, petal fall, and 3, 6, and 9 weeks after full bloom, at a rate of 3 g Ti ha^?1 per spray. The efficiency of Ti sprays was compared to combined sprays of Fe, Mn, and Zn [chelated with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)], applied at the same terms as Ti sprays, at rate of 36 g, 36 g and 24 g per spray, respectively. Trees unsprayed with Ti, Fe, Mn, and Zn served as the control. It was shown that summer leaf Ti concentrations of the trees untreated with Ti were high, varying from 34 to 36 mg kg^?1 dry matter. Foliar Ti sprays increased leaf status of this nutrient but they had no effect on nutrition of essential macro- and microelements, tree vigor, and fruit yield. Mean apple weight, coloring, firmness, soluble solids concentration, and titratable acidity of fruit were not also influenced by Ti sprays. Foliar sprays of Fe, Mn, and Zn improved leaf status of nitrogen (N), Mg, Fe, Mn, and Zn; leaves of the trees sprayed with those micronutrients were also greener, and contained more Fe²⁺ than those of the control plants. Combined sprays of Fe, Mn, and Zn improved tree vigor and fruit yield.     

RESPONSE OF ORNAMENTAL SUNFLOWER CULTIVARS ‘SUNBEAM’ AND ‘MOONBRIGHT’ TO IRRIGATION WITH SALINE WASTEWATERS

To explore the possibility that saline wastewaters may be used to grow commercially acceptable floriculture crops, a study was initiated to determine the effects of salinity on two pollen-free cultivars of ornamental sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). ‘Moonbright’ and ‘Sunbeam’ were grown in greenhouse sand cultures irrigated with waters prepared to simulate wastewaters commonly present in two inland valley regions of California: 1) San Joaquin Valley (SJV) where saline-sodic drainage waters are dominated by sodium (Na⁺) and sulfate (SO ^2? ₄ ) and 2) Coachella Valley (CV) where major ions in tailwaters are Na⁺, chloride (Cl^?), SO ^2? ₄ , magnesium (Mg²⁺), calcium (Ca²⁺), predominating in that order. Ten-day-old seedlings were subjected to five salinity treatments of each water composition, each replicated three times. Electrical conductivities (EC) of the irrigation waters were 2.5, 5, 10, 15, and 20 dS·m^?1. Flowering stems were harvested when about 75% of the ray flowers were nearly horizontal. Stem length and fresh weight, flower and stem diameter were measured. Mineral ion concentrations in upper and lower stems, upper and lower leaves were determined. Sodium was excluded from the young tissues in the upper portions of the shoot and retained in the basal stem tissue. Inasmuch as sunflower is also a strong potassium (K)-accumulator, K⁺/Na⁺ selectivity coefficients were unusually high in the younger shoot organs. Despite a five-fold increase in substrate Ca²⁺ in both solutions, shoot-Ca decreased as salinity increased and this cation was retained in the older leaves. A few of the lower leaves of plants irrigated with ICV waters at EC = 10 dS·m^?1 and higher, exhibited necrotic margins which were undoubtedly caused by high concentrations of Cl^? in the tissues. Flowering stems produced in all treatments met florist quality standards in terms of diameters for stems (0.5 to 1.5 cm) and blooms (8 to 15 cm). Across treatments, stem lengths ranged from 60 to 175 cm. Both ornamental sunflower cultivars proved to be good candidates for production of marketable flowering stems using moderately saline wastewaters.     

EFFECTS OF BAG-CONTROLLED RELEASE FERTILIZER ON NITROGEN UTILIZATION RATE,GROWTH AND FRUITING OF THE ‘FUJI’ APPLE

Bag-controlled release fertilizer is a new type of controlled-release fertilizer designed to meet the needs of the large individual volume characteristic of fruit trees. The effect of bag-controlled release fertilizer on nitrogen (N) utilization, growth-rate, and fruiting was investigated using ‘Fuji’ apple trees (M. domestica Borkh. cv. ‘Fuji’/M.hupehensis Rhed.). The results showed that the available concentration of nutrients in the soil following bag-controlled release fertilizer treatment (BCRT) was more consistent than when application treatments were broadcasted. The BCRT significantly increased N use efficiency, where this was 2.7 or 1.6 times greater than one or four broadcasted treatments, respectively. Trees treated via BCRT were healthier and had more quality spurs due to more constant nutrient concentration in the soil. With the same application amount, the chlorophyll level and Pn content of BCR-treated trees were steadier and higher than those of broadcasted controls; thus, BCRT significantly increased both yield and fruit quality.     

EFFECTS OF POTASSIUM NITRATE SPRAYING ON FRUIT CHARACTERISTICS OF ‘MALAS YAZDI’ POMEGRANATE

The present research was carried out to investigate the effects of potassium nitrate on pomegranate fruit quality. Treatments were: 1) control, distilled water was used; 2) potassium nitrate 250 mg L-¹ plus Tween-20 and 3) potassium nitrate 500 mg L-¹ plus Tween-20. All treatments were sprayed on fruits with a diameter of 30 mm. Juice, peel, seed characters, and fruit quality components were evaluated when fruits were harvested. Results indicated that 250 mg L-¹ potassium treatment increased juice volume and weight compared with the control and the 500 mg L-¹ K treatments. As the potassium nitrate level increased, aril length and diameter decreased. Although there was not a significant difference among treatments on titrable acidity and pH contents of fruits, the highest total soluble solids and vitamin C were obtained in the 250 mg L-¹ potassium nitrate treatment when compared with the others. These findings show that applied potassium nitrate significantly influences fruit quality of pomegranate when fruit are in the beginning stages of growth and development.     

INFLUENCE OF PREHARVEST SPRAYS OF A MIXTURE OF CALCIUM FORMATE,CALCIUM ACETATE,CALCIUM CHLORIDE AND CALCIUM NITRATE ON QUALITY AND ‘JONAGOLD’ APPLE STORABILITY

The aim of the study was to examine effect of preharvest sprays of a mixture of calcium (Ca) formate, Ca-acetate, Ca-chloride (CaCl₂) and Ca-nitrate [Ca(NO₃)₂] on quality and apple storability. The experiment was conducted during 2008–2009 at the Experimental Station of the Research Institute of Horticulture in Skierniewice, Poland, on mature ‘Jonagold’ apple trees/M.26, planted at a moderate density on a coarse-textured soil with low status of organic matter and abundant in exchangeable Ca. Apple trees were sprayed with Ca, 7 times per season, at 2-week intervals, starting 3 weeks after blooming. In the spray treatments a mixture of Ca-formate, Ca-acetate, CaCl₂ and Ca(NO₃)₂ (as Insol Wap fertilizer), CaCl₂ or Ca(NO₃)₂ were used at rates of 7.3 kg Ca, 11.8 kg Ca, and 9.9 kg Ca ha^?1 per season, respectively. The trees sprayed with water were treated as the control. The results showed that Ca sprays caused no leaf and fruit injury. Calcium spray measures did not affect yield, mean fruit weight, and soluble solids concentration (SSC), titratable acidity and starch index of fruit at harvest. However, at harvest apples sprayed with Ca contained more this nutrient and were firmer than those of the control plots. After storage apples sprayed with Ca had more acids, and were firmer and less liable to bitter pit than the control fruit. Calcium sprays did not affect SSC of fruit after storage but reduced postharvest decay of fruit caused by Peziculla spp. and Penicillium expansum fungi. Apples sprayed with Insol Wap material were the least affected by the above pathogens. It is concluded that in apple orchards preharvest sprays of a mixture of Ca-formate, Ca-acetate, CaCl₂ and Ca(NO₃)₂, containing 10% Ca (w/w) with ca. 50% in an organic form, can be the alternative to sprays of CaCl₂ or Ca(NO₃)₂.     

FOLIAR APPLICATION OF ZINC INFLUENCES THE LEAF MINERAL STATUS,VEGETATIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE GROWTH,YIELD AND FRUIT QUALITY OF ‘KINNOW’ MANDARIN

Deficiency of zinc (Zn) is widespread in many citrus orchards of Pakistan, consequently hampering fruit yield. Effects of foliar applications of zinc sulfate on tree nutrition, growth, productivity and fruit quality were studied on ‘Kinnow’ mandarin. Leaf nitrogen (N), calcium (Ca), and manganese (Mn) were highest for trees sprayed with 0.2% zinc sulfate, while phosphorus (P) and iron (Fe) were highest with 0.6% zinc sulfate and potassium (K) and Zn were highest with 0.8% Zn sulfate applications. Trees sprayed with 0.6% zinc sulfate exhibited highest increase in height, crown width and stem girth, fruit diameter, fruit weight, ascorbic acid contents, and total phenolics compared to all other treatments. Pre-harvest fruit drop was lowest and total number and weight of fruit per tree was highest at harvest with 0.4% zinc sulfate application. In conclusion, foliar application of zinc sulfate up to 0.6% improved tree mineral nutrients, growth, and productivity with better fruit quality in ‘Kinnow’ mandarin.     

EFFECT OF PREHARVEST SPRAYS OF CALCIUM CHLORIDE AND SUCROSE ON CRACKING AND QUALITY OF ‘BURLAT’ SWEET CHERRY FRUIT

The aim of the study was to examine impact of preharvest sprays of calcium (Ca) and sucrose on splitting and quality of ‘Burlat’ sweet cherry fruit. The study was carried out during 2009–2010 in Poland and Turkey, on mature trees planted at a moderate density on coarse- and medium-textured soils. Sweet cherries were sprayed with calcium chloride (CaCl₂) and/or sucrose at a rate of 5 kg of each material per ha, using ca. 1000 L of water. In Poland, sprays of CaCl₂ and/or sucrose were applied 8–14 h before each rain, starting 21 d before harvest, whereas in Turkey the spray treatments were made schematically: 7, 14 and 21 d before harvest. Sprays of water were treated as the control. The results showed that preharvest sprays of CaCl₂ and/or sucrose did not affect yield, mean fruit weight, and fruit acidity. Sprays of CaCl₂ increased fruit Ca status, and simultaneously reduced fruit cracking in an orchard or laboratory test. In the trial performed in Turkey, part of fruit sprayed with CaCl₂ (<5%) had spray deposit on the peel. Sucrose sprays did not affect fruit cracking. In one year of the study in Turkey, sucrose sprays increased soluble solids concentration of fruit; however, part of fruit treated with sucrose (<2%) had spray deposit on the skin.     

CORRELATION BETWEEN YIELD,MUST ATTRIBUTES AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF THE GREEK RED WINE GRAPE VARIETY ‘AGIORGITIKO’

The appropriate tissue and sampling time for the Greek wine-grape variety ‘Agiorgitiko’ nutritional diagnosis was to be evaluated by relating leaf tissue nutrient contents with the yield and must potassium (K), pH, total soluble solids (TSS), and titratable acidity (TA). At bloom, véraison and harvest, leaves opposite the basal cluster (LOBC) and youngest mature leaves (YML) were harvested, and soil and berry samples were collected from six vineyards in Nemea, Greece. Petiole K concentration of the LOBC was found to be better correlated with the yield, TSS, TA and must K than the blade or whole leaf K content; the contrary was observed in nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) concentrations. The LOBC reflected better the nutritional status of the variety compared to the YML. Regarding the sampling time, petiole K presented stronger correlations with yield and must K, TSS, TA at harvest whereas N and P at bloom and véraison.     

FOLIAR APPLICATION OF BORON INFLUENCES THE LEAF MINERAL STATUS,VEGETATIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE GROWTH,YIELD AND FRUIT QUALITY OF ‘KINNOW’ MANDARIN (CITRUS RETICULATA BLANCO.)

The effects of foliar application of boron (B) in the form of boric acid on vegetative and reproductive growth, yield and fruit quality of ‘Kinnow’ mandarin (Citrus reticulate Blanco.) were investigated. Kinnow mandarin was sprayed with different concentrations of boric acid viz. (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% and 0.4%) at fruit set stage. Leaf nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), B, and zinc (Zn) along with flush length, tree height, tree spread and tree trunk diameter increased, while leaf length and leaf age showed non-significant results after foliar B application. Yield of the ‘Kinnow’ mandarin was significantly affected by foliar application of B and a significant increase in fruit weight at harvest was also observed. Soluble solid concentration (SSC): titratable acidity (TA) ratio, ascorbic acid, total sugars, total phenolic content (TPC) and total antioxidants significantly affected, while pH of juice, SSC, TA, reducing sugars and non-reducing sugars showed non- significant results.     

‘碧香早’‘乌牛早’在重庆茶区的适应性研究

2009—2012年,在重庆市永川区进行了茶树品种‘碧香早’‘乌牛早’与对照品种‘福鼎大白茶’的区域引种比较试验。结果表明,‘碧香早’在重庆区域移栽成活率高,生长势旺盛,产量高,适制当地的名优绿茶,可作为优良品种引进种植;‘乌牛早’具有发芽特早的特性,也适制当地的名优绿茶,但采摘周期短,为满足该区域对早市名优茶的需求,可作为搭配品种,适当引种栽植。     

BIOREGULATORS INFLUENCE CALCIUM CONCENTRATION AND COLD HARDINESS OF YOUNG ‘DELICIOUS’ (MALUS DOMESTICA,BORKH) APPLE TREES

Calcium concentration and cold hardiness in woody shoots of young ‘Delicious’ apple trees increased during the first half of the dormant season by early-fall whole-tree application of bioregulators and/or plant protectant. Compared with untreated controls, the plant protectant, α-[(1,3-dioxolan-2-ylmethoxy) imino] benzene acetonitcile [Hytech Polymer, (formerly ProTec^TM), Agro-K, Corp., Minneapolis, MN, USA] applied in September at 5 or 10% induced more cold hardiness in late October and November, whereas treating at 0.05% with the bioregulator, 2-chloroethyl-methyl-bis(phenylmethoxy)silane [CGA-15281, Novartis International AG, (formerly Ciba-Geigy Limited) Basel, Switzerland], induced greater cold hardiness and higher woody tissue calcium concentration in November and December. Applied in October, CGA-15281 resulted in woody tissue with the highest cold hardiness rating from November through March. From October 28 through 8 December, tissue from control trees had the lowest calcium concentration and frequently the least amount of cold hardiness. In woody stems of young apple trees, cold hardiness was more closely related to calcium concentration than that of the other eleven measured mineral elements; this was especially apparent from November to March (r = ?0.856).     

EFFECTS OF FOLIAR AND SOIL CALCIUM APPLICATION ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF TABLE GRAPE CV. ‘THOMPSON SEEDLESS’

Table grape quality and firmness are key parameters for Chile's export, given distances from the main markets. As a consequence, calcium (Ca) fertilization has become a standard practice in the country, although its effects have not been fully evaluated. The objectives in this study were to investigate the effects of calcium fertilization on table grape nutrition and quality. A two-year field trial was conducted in central Chile, using grapevines (Vitis vinifera) cv. ‘Thompson seedless’, grown on an overhead trellis system. Calcium (CaCl₂) application treatments included foliar, soil, foliar plus soil, and a control without Ca fertilization. Calcium and other nutrients concentration were determined afterwards in soil, leaves, and berries. Also, yield and some fruit quality parameters were evaluated. Calcium application method did not have an effect on soil, leaf or fruit Ca content, neither on yield and berry sugar concentration, with levels being similar to the control treatment. Additionally, in treatments where CaCl₂ was applied to soil, chlorides concentration in soil, leaves, and berries were higher. Also, berries were larger, more turgent, with lower dry matter and larger cells. In the second season, in these same treatments, berry firmness at harvest was higher, but this effect disappeared after the storage simulation period. These results question the validity that Ca applications might improve table grape postharvest quality for growing conditions similar to the ones in this experiment. The temporal changes in berry quality parameters were attributed to higher Cl soil content and the associated plant osmoregulatory mechanisms.     

CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF THE HIGHLY-TOLERANT TOMATO CV. ‘PONCHO NEGRO’ TO SALINITY AND EXCESS BORON

The variety of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) called ‘Poncho Negro’ by farmers represents an important source of genetic resources of agricultural interest, because it has managed to thrive at levels of salinity and excess B that other varieties of the same species find impossible. This work was conducted under controlled growth conditions in a greenhouse, evaluating and obtaining plant material that served for physiological, chemical, and biochemical determinations. Stress conditions were supplied by irrigation, using different concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl; 75 and 150 mM) and excess boron (B; 5 and 20 mg L^?1). The rate of net carbon dioxide (CO₂) assimilation, the quantum efficiency of photosynthesis and the relative water content (RWC) were measured. In addition, B, sodium (Na⁺), potassium (K⁺), and calcium (Ca²⁺), soluble sugars, and proline were quantified. The results suggest that ‘Poncho Negro’ accumulated Na⁺ mainly in the roots, partly limiting its entry into the aerial parts. In addition, it should be noted that the interaction of B and salinity reduced the movement of Na⁺ to the leaves. The ability of cv. ‘Poncho Negro’ to minimize leaf Na⁺ accumulation, accumulate more leaf B than control plants, and maintain its K⁺ level, when grown with an excess of B, possibly allowed the observed increase in the rate of photosynthesis. In addition, these tomato plants used proline and soluble sugars as osmo-regulators under high-B and saline conditions. Under all stress conditions studied, this variety of tomato was able to regulate its water content, with RWC values of approximately 86%.     

草莓品种‘红颜’和‘丰香’果实营养成分初步分析

对四川省双流县的草莓试验品种‘红颜’(代号2008-2)和主栽品种‘丰香’85%~95%着色率的果实进行主要营养成分和17种氨基酸含量检测。结果表明,红颜的可溶性固形物、总糖和维生素C含量高于丰香,氨基酸总量及11种氨基酸含量低于丰香。     

Effect of calcium spray materials,rate, time of spray application,and rootstocks on fruit quality of ‘red’ and ‘golden delicious’ apples

Calcium (Ca) spray materials improved fruit quality as measured by control of bitter pit, fruit finish (appearance), increased red skin color, reduced incidence of scald, increased juiciness, texture, and fruit firmness of ‘Red’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ apples (Malus domestica, Borkh.). Concentrations of Ca in leaf and fruit tissues were increased by Ca sprays, especially calcium chloride (CaCl₂)‐containing spray materials. Improved fruit firmness and control of bitter pit occurred for either standard recommended or high rates of Ca spray materials. At high rates of application, the only significant difference that occurred between early and late applications of Ca spray materials was that less leaf injury occurred with the early applications. Unsprayed ‘Red Delicious’ fruit from M.7 rootstocks had greater fruit peel Ca concentrations and a lower incidence of bitter pit but smaller fruit than fruit from trees on M.26 rootstocks. The above information is strong evidence that Ca sprays are important for the improvement of apple quality.     

EFFECT OF VARIOUS FOLIAR SPRAYS ON SOME FRUIT QUALITY ATTRIBUTES AND LEAF NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF THE PEACH CULTIVAR ‘ANDROSS’

The effect of various products applied as foliar sprays on some fruit quality attributes and leaf nutritional status of the peach cultivar ‘Andross’ for a three year period is reported. Foliar application of all calcium (Ca) products plus boron (B), did not affect mean fruit weight compared to the control. Application of profical plus calcium phosphite plus power 7-B resulted in an increase of flesh firmness. Low flesh firmness was measured at the potassium nitrate (KNO₃) and Chelan-K treatments. Foliar application of all Ca and K products did not alter significantly total soluble solids, total titratable acidity, and length and width of pits in comparison to the control. The highest amount of compact pits (without visual split) for the three year period was measured after foliar application of silene-K. Profical plus calcium phosphite plus power 7-B, and calcium chloride (CaCl₂) plus power 7-B gave also good results for the three years. Foliar application of agriphos, chelan-K, silene-K, and KNO₃ resulted in an increase of K concentration of leaves compared to the control. Foliar application of CaCl₂, bcazin, power-Ca, profical and calcium phosphite plus profical resulted in an increase of Ca concentration of leaves compared to the control for all the years. The efficacy of the foliar sprays varied from year to year indicating the influence of the climatic conditions on tree nutrition.     

潼南县大豆新品种(系)‘9769’和‘9753’适应性研究

2001—2004年,在重庆市潼南县进行了丘陵旱地1~5台土"果树//大豆"间套作大区对比适应性试验研究,结果表明,大豆新品种(系)‘9769’和‘9753’的农艺性状表现明显优于对照(渝豆1号),随丘陵旱地台位升高,各品种产量都陆续下降,以‘9769’降低幅度最低。1~2台土,‘9753’表现最优,第3台土‘9753’表现略优于‘9769’,667 m2产量差异小,4~5台土‘9769’跃居第1,表现最优。这2个优良新品种(系)从2005年开始在潼南县陆续示范推广,2013年达到年种植‘9769’1540 hm2、‘9753’2160 hm2的规模。适宜净作、间套作(含"果树//大豆"、"麦//玉+豆//苕"、"菜//玉+豆//苕"、"麦//玉+豆"、"玉+豆//苕"、"麦—豆//苕"、"油菜—豆//苕"等熟制)。