青变菌毒素对黑松松针可溶性Pr、POD酶和PPO酶活性的影响

本文以黑松松针为材料,研究了青变菌毒素对松针内可溶性蛋白(Pr)、过氧化物酶(POD)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性变化的影响。实验表明,松针用青变菌毒素处理后,随着处理时间的延长和毒素浓度的增加,松针内可溶性蛋白、POD酶和PPO酶发生着不同的变化,青变菌毒素液对黑松体内上述三者的活性影响较大。     

磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶和苯丙氨酸解氨酶与抗松针褐斑病的关系

松针褐斑病（Ｌｅｃａｎｏｓｔｉｃｔａａｃｉｃｏｌａ）是我国南方重要病害。在湿地松（Ｐｉｎｕｓｅｌｌｉｏｔｔｉｉ）抗褐斑病选育研究的基础上对湿地松针叶中的６－磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶和苯丙氨酸解氨酶与抗病性的关系进行了研究分析。结果表明二年生健康针叶的６－磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶的活性水平与针叶的抗病性有密切关系。在测定的１３个无性系和单株中，４个易感株的酶活性较低，９个抗病无性系中除个别酶活性与易感株相近外，其余无性系的酶活性和比活性都明显比易感株高。苯丙氨酸解氨酶的株间差异相对较小，但在总体水平上，抗病无性系的酶活性和比活性也比易感株略高。用松针褐斑病菌毒素液处理后，无论是抗病针叶还是易感针叶，６－磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶的活性均呈上升趋势，升幅为０．５—１倍，但苯丙氨酸解氨酶的活性在用毒素处理后无明显变化。     

枯斑盘多毛孢菌粗毒素的基本性质研究

本文对松赤枯病菌（Pestalotia funeren Desm.)培养液粗提物的基本性质进行了初步研究。结果表明，松赤枯病菌培养液中有致病物质即毒素存在，该菌在PD培养液中能达到最大产毒量；松针浸出汁对毒素的产量和致病活性没有明显的促进作用，培养15天的培养液有较高的致萎蔫的活性，随着培养时间的延长其致萎活性没有较大的提高。该毒素是一类极性较大的非蛋白类物质，能用甲醇将其从培养液中较好地提取出来。pH值对毒素粗提液致病活性无显著影响，毒素粗提液中活性成分能被活性碳吸附。     

松针褐斑病菌毒素处理后湿地松组培苗 PAL、PPO、SOD活性变化研究

为研究抗松针褐斑病菌在湿地松子代组培苗体内的苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性变化与其抗病性的关系,以抗病湿地松瓶内组培苗和温室1年生组培苗针叶为材料,测定PAL、PPO、SOD的活性。结果表明:松针褐斑病菌毒素处理后,湿地松PAL和PPO活性与抗病性成一定正相关关系,SOD活性与植株抗病性在48 168 h内表现有一定的负相关性。     

松针褐斑病菌致病机制的研究

用小麦粒固体培养基和马铃薯液体培养基培养松针褐斑病菌,其培养物粗提液可以使湿地松、马尾松和黑松针叶褪绿使蕃茄苗、烟草苗萎蔫,说明松针褐斑病菌在生长吕能产生并分泌出对植物组织有毒素作用的物质,这种有毒物质（毒素）可能是松针褐斑病菌致病的重要因素,研究表明该毒素物质具有非寄主专化特生,应用乙醇脱水沉淀法将其分为非蛋白质部分和蛋白质部分,驻非蛋白质部分能使松针褪绿、使蕃茄苗、烟草苗萎蔫,可见毒素物质是非     

红松松针原料超声波辅助提取生物抑菌剂的研究

研究不同提取条件下红松松针抑菌物对大肠杆菌的抑菌活性。采用单因素和响应面试验的方法,通过不同乙醇浓度、超声时间、料液比和提取温度下红松松针提取物对大肠杆菌的抑菌圈大小,确定提取红松松针抑菌物的条件。试验表明,乙醇浓度50%,料液比56mL/g,超声时间30min,提取温度50℃时,红松松针抑菌物提取条件最佳。料液比对提取红松松针抑菌物的影响最大,其次是超声时间。     

不同浓度的甲基托布津防治松针褐斑病药效试验

为了研究甲基托布津对松针褐斑病的防治效果，采用不同浓度的甲基托布津（1500倍液、2000倍液、2500倍液、3000倍液、3500倍液、4000倍液）防治松针褐斑病试验。结果表明：不同浓度的甲基托布津对松针褐斑病的防治效果存在一定的差异，并在一定的范围内随浓度的增加而增强，当达到一定浓度后防治效果不再增强；甲基托布津防治松针褐斑病的最佳浓度为2000倍液。     

超声降解落叶松中阿拉伯半乳聚糖及其活性的研究

以落叶松[Larix gmelinii(Rupr.)Kuzen]的木屑为原料提取阿拉伯半乳聚糖(AG、松针多糖),然后用超声法对所提取的阿拉伯半乳聚糖进行降解。以降解松针多糖对自由基清除率为检测指标,通过单因素试验考察超声功率、降解温度、降解时间、料液比对松针多糖体外抗氧化活性的影响。再利用正交试验确定的最佳降解条件为:降解温度70℃、降解时间2.0h、料液比1∶250、功率150W。在抗氧化活性方面,松针多糖质量浓度越高,对·OH清除率越高,且降解后比降解前在清除·OH和DPPH上有一定提高。     

松针褐斑病菌毒素的研究

通过对松针褐斑病毒素的培养、提取和生物测定，对培养基的选择、培养方法和时间、毒素提取方法等进行了初步探索。试验结果表明，ＰＤＡ液体培养基和小麦粒固体培养基最适于该病菌的产生；病菌培养２３天所产生毒素最多；毒素浓度越高，其致病力越强；８０℃和１００℃条件下浓缩获得的毒素提取液的致病力最强；毒素粗提液煮沸２０分钟仍不失效，毒素易被活性炭吸附。     

土壤干旱胁迫对樟子松针叶膜脂过氧化、膜脂成分和乙烯释放的影响

本文采用对盆栽樟子松苗木进行土壤干旱胁迫处理的办法,研究其针叶ＳＯＤ活性水平、ＭＤＡ含量以及膜脂成分和乙烯释放量的变化。结果表明：随着干旱胁迫的加强,ＳＯＤ活性呈现先上升后下降的趋势,ＭＤＡ含量逐渐上升到最高水平,在严重干旱末期下降,但仍处于高水平;ＩＵＦＡ在严重干旱胁迫下开始下降,乙烯伴随着ＩＵＦＡ水平明显的下降而产生,同时苗木走向死亡。这些结果表明樟子松针叶受土壤干旱胁迫,酶促保护系统破坏导致     

Comparative analysis on the litter in Korean pine Mongolian scots pine and dahurian larch plantations (I) Amount and fluctuation of litter fall

Investigations were made in korean pine, mongolian scots pine and dahurian larch plantations in Laoshan Plantation Experiment Station of Maoershan Experiment Forest Farm of Northeast Forestry University. Data are tabulated on the amount and seasonal and annual fluctuations of fractional composition of the litter (conifer needles, branches, cones, bark scales, broad leaves) in the three plantations. The accounts of conifer needle branch and bark scale litter are as follows: korean pine: 71.16%, 6.23% and 7.32%; mongolian scots pine: 43.65%, 18.52 % and 32.12%; dahurian larch: 90.30%, 7.83% and 1.85%. There are certain broadleaf litter in dahurian larch and mongolian scots pine plantations (account for 7.61% and 8.92% respectively). The litter wither and fall concent ratively in autumn in dahurian larch plantation and scattered all year long in korean pine and mongolian scots pine plantations. Along with the increase of stand age, the absolute amount of litter tend to increase, the relative amount of main fractional compositions (conifer needle, branch and bark scale) in korean pine and mongolian Scots pine plantations maintain stead, whereas in dahurian larch plantation, the relative amount of conifer needle is decreased gradually and the relative amount of other fractional compositions are increased gradually.     

Quantifying the effect of pine mistletoe on the growth of Scots pine

Mistletoe infection results in substantial growth losses in mistletoe‐infected forests. This study reports and evaluates the results of retrospective analyses of radial growth of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) in relation to the level of infection of pine mistletoe (Viscum album ssp. austriacum). A total of 43 Scots pine trees were destructively sampled from different sites. Of these trees, 14 were uninfected and 29 were infected. Infection classes were determined using six‐class dwarf mistletoe rating system (DMRS). All needle and mistletoe biomass were removed completely and weighed for each sampled tree. Subsamples from needles and all mistletoe biomass were taken to the laboratory for oven‐dried weight determinations. Five‐cm‐thick wood discs were cut from the stem at the breast height (1.3 m) to determine annual basal area increment for the last 25 years. In addition to DMRS, new infection classes were created using mistletoe‐to‐needle biomass (MB/NB) ratio. The results showed that the radial growth losses could be as much as 41% to 64% at different infection levels. The rate of growth loss in relation to DMRS and MB/NB ratio was similar, but with a larger variability in DMRS values. The results showed that both DMRS rating and MB/NB ratio seem to be important for quantifying growth loss on Scots pine trees infected with mistletoe. The results of this study can also be invaluable in modelling the effects of mistletoe on the growth of Scots pine trees.     

红松不同部位精油的成分分析及抑菌活性

【目的】植物精油是安全并有良好抑菌效果的天然产物,在食品防腐剂领域潜力巨大。本研究通过对红松不同部位精油成分与抑菌活性的研究,能为开发安全绿色的食品防腐剂及为其在食品、化妆品等领域的应用提供理论基础。【方法】采用水蒸气蒸馏法从红松的松针、松塔、松壳中制备精油,采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术结合保留指数(RI)分析法,对精油化学成分组成进行鉴定。采用滤纸片法分析比较了3种精油对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌活性,并用二倍稀释法测定对3种菌的最小抑菌浓度和最小杀菌浓度。【结果】松针、松塔、松壳精油分别检测出28、46、21种成分,其中松针和松塔精油以萜类为主,而松壳精油以酮类为主。3种不同部位的精油对大肠杆菌抑制效果更佳,但松针精油的抑制效果比其他两种抑制效果更强。松针精油对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌的最低抑菌浓度分别为1.6、3.2、6.4μL/mL,最小杀菌浓度为3.2、6.4、12.5μL/mL;松塔精油对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌的最低抑菌浓度分别为3.2、6.4、6.4μL/mL,最小杀菌浓度为6.4、12.5、12.5μL/mL;松壳精油对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌的最低抑菌浓度分别为3.2、12.5、6.4μL/mL,最小杀菌浓度为6.4、12.5、6.4μL/mL。【结论】红松不同部位的精油均具有较好的抑菌效果,而且红松不同部位精油的成分不同其抑菌效果亦不同,作为天然的抑菌剂资源具有巨大的开发利用价值。     

Industrial air pollution and peroxidase activity in Scots pine needles – two case studies

The peroxidase activity (EC 1.11.1.7) in homogenates from Scots pine needles (Pinus sylvestries L.) were studied in relation to needle age and sampling locations around two different sources of industrial air pollution. Increased enzyme activity was associated with both increased needle age and proximity to the emission sources. Fluorine contamination in one of the cases was not correlated with enhanced enzyme activity. Enzyme activity levels were considered in relation to variations between trees and between different parts of the same trees.     

Management of needle blight (Lophodermium pinastri) disease in Blue pine trees in Kashmir,India

Evaluation of various fungicides against needle blight disease of pine was carried out at Sheri Kashmir University of Agriculture Sciences and Technology of Kashmir(India) during the year 2008 and 2009. Application of various fungicides were evaluated in vivo at different concentrations. However in both, mist-chamber and poly-chamber, the Blue pine(Pinus wallichiana Jackson)seedlings treated with hexaconazole 5EC(@ 0.03 %) or carbendazim 50WP(@ 0.1 %) depicted significantly less disease incidence and intensity. The seedlings treated with mancozeb 75WP(@ 0.3 %) and chlorothalonil 75WP(@0.3 %) exhibited less disease incidence and intensity.Increase in relative humidity from 60 to 100 % significantly enhanced needle blight disease incidence and intensity. In field trial the fungitoxicants used either as single spray or protectant followed by systemic fungitoxicant spray significantly reduced disease incidence in Blue pine compared to check. The mean disease incidence in fungitoxicant treated plants varied from 11.82 to 25.51 %as compared to 36.03 % in control.     

脱脂与未脱脂马尾松胶合板的性能差异研究

采用热压方式对脱脂和未脱脂马尾松胶合板的性能进行研究。结果表明:在马尾松单板水煮脱脂过程中,随着脱脂时间的延长,其脱脂率逐渐加大,但脱脂速度相对降低。马尾松单板水煮脱脂在1~3 h内的脱脂率变化不大,脱脂效果与水煮时间关系不密切;在3~5 h内,单板脱脂率变化较大,脱脂率与水煮时间有密切关系。板坯热压的前3~4 min,未脱脂板坯的升温速度比脱脂板坯升温速度快;4 min后脱脂板坯的升温速度明显快于未脱脂板坯,而未脱脂板坯在较长时间内温度仅呈缓慢升高趋势。脱脂处理的马尾松胶合板在物理力学性能各个指标上都明显优于未脱脂处理的马尾松胶合板。     

杨树溃疡病及松材线虫病对树体干部电指标的影响

对杨树溃疡病及松材线虫病对树木电指标的影响进行研究.结果表明:杨树溃疡病胁迫下,毛白杨扦插苗POD酶活性先增大后减小,PPO酶活性持续增大,树木干部电容和单位电容呈减小趋势,而树木干部阻抗呈增大趋势,最先表现出统计学差异性的指标是POD酶活性,其次为树木干部电容,之后为树体干部阻抗,最后是PPO酶活性;树木干部电容和单位电容与马尾松枯针率均有显著的正相关关系,同时利用树体干部电容0.5 nF为阈值,判断马尾松是否感染松材线虫的准确率可达89.26%.     

Effects of chemical modification with glutaraldehyde on the weathering performance of Scots pine sapwood

Scots pine sapwood was treated with glutaraldehyde (GA) in aqueous solution using magnesium chloride as a catalyst in order to evaluate the durability towards weathering. Infrared spectroscopy suggested that GA treatment increased the photo-stability of lignin during artificial weathering of micro-veneers in a QUV over 168?h; photo-protection increased with increasing GA concentration. In comparison with the unmodified controls, GA-modified pine micro-veneer strips exhibited a lower tensile strength loss measured in a zero-span mode in the course of weathering. During 18?months of outdoor exposure, GA-modified pine wood boards exhibited a lower moisture content and water uptake than the unmodified ones. GA treatment also clearly restricted the penetration of blue stain fungi into deeper layers of wood. On the macroscopic scale, the surface of the GA-modified boards was significantly smoother due to less erosion, cracking and minor peeling of tracheids. Scanning electron microscopy further revealed that individual tracheids were detached from the cell compound and then washed away from the unmodified wood surface, whereas tracheids on surfaces of GA-modified wood remained in the tissue compound but displayed many axial and transversal cracks.     

Diurnal changes in water conduction in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) and Virginia pine (P. virginiana) during soil dehydration

We studied diurnal changes in water conduction during soil dehydration in 37-month-old seedlings of one Virginia pine (Pinus virginiana Mill.) and two loblolly pine (P. taeda L.) sources, one from North Carolina (NC) and the other from the "Lost Pines" areas of Texas (TX), in an environmentally controlled growth chamber. For seedlings of similar biomass, the TX source had higher values of transpiration, needle conductance, and plant hydraulic conductivity under well-watered conditions than the NC source. Under dry soil conditions, the TX source had lower values of water conduction than the NC source. The Virginia pine source responded similarly to the TX source under both well-watered and dry soil conditions. For all three pine sources, gradients between soil and needle water potentials were greatest when the seedlings were moderately stressed. The TX and Virginia pine sources had higher gradients and lower daytime needle water potentials under moderate stress conditions than the NC source. Predawn needle water potentials did not differ among the pine sources. We conclude that the TX and Virginia pine sources have decreased daytime needle water potentials and increased water potential gradients during the daytime under moderate stress conditions, but with no disruption of recovery at predawn. The greater rates of transpiration and water conduction by the TX source compared with the NC source under well-watered conditions suggest a means by which growth can be maximized prior to the onset of drought, thereby enhancing survival of loblolly pines in drought-prone environments.     

TAXONMIC SIGNIFICANCE OF SYMPTOM CHARACTERISTICS AND AECIOSPORES SURFACE STRUTURE OF PINE NEEDLE RUST

INTRoDUrnoNRneneedlerustdiseasecausedbyCo-leosPoriumsPP.seriouslyharmspinetreesthatarelessthanloyearsold.Sincel847,LeviellsetuPCoIeosPoriumgenus,sofarintheworld,morethan9Ospeieshavebeendescribed.AInOngthem,8speCiesareautoec1ous,1speciesarendcI-OCyclic,and3speciesaredenti-cyclic,theremainingareheteroeciousI7'l6l.fuStorically,theclassificahonofColeosPo-riumisnotveryclear.lntfadihonalclassifica-hon,genusofCoIeosPorilunwasdecidedbythemorpholOgyofteliosPOres,andspecieswasdecidedbyaltem…