高致病性FAdV-4传代中的毒力和Fiber2基因的比对分析

为筛选禽腺病毒疫苗株和制备亚单位疫苗提供科学依据,探明高致病性禽腺病毒C亚型4血清型（FAdV-4）毒株在传代中的毒力变化以及不同感染方式对雏鸡死亡率的影响,首先制备2 ~ 15代的高致病性FAdV-4尿囊液,用LMH细胞检测第2、4、8和15代尿囊液的半数细胞感染量（TCID₅₀）;其次选取的4个代次尿囊液分别通过黏膜（点眼）和颈背部皮下途径接种SPF雏鸡,观察动物的死亡率;最后应用PCR方法扩增主要结构蛋白Fiber2基因序列并进行比对分析。结果表明：所有制备的2 ~ 15代FAdV-4毒株均在5 ~ 7 d内致鸡胚死亡（100%）,4个代次毒株的TCID₅₀为10^6.5±0.2/0.1 mL,不同代次毒株间的毒力差异不显著（P＞0.05）;选取的4个代次毒株经颈背部皮下接种雏鸡的死亡率为100%,死亡雏鸡出现典型的心包积液综合征。而经黏膜接种的雏鸡死亡率呈下降趋势,分别为80%、50%、30%和30%;不同代次毒株Fiber2基因序列没有发生变化。总之,不同代次毒株通过皮下接种后对雏鸡的致病力没有差异,但黏膜接种的死亡率则逐代下降,而主要结构蛋白Fiber2基因则没有出现碱基变异。     

I群禽腺病毒血清4型广东株的分离鉴定及分子特性

[目的]对广东地区疑似心包积液–肝炎综合征患病鸡进行腺病毒分离鉴定并研究其分子特征.[方法]采集的病料样品,通过鸡胚有限稀释法经SPF鸡胚传代分离纯化病毒,进行致病性试验,并对病毒的hexon、fiber-2、ORF19和ORF29基因进行PCR扩增,分析其分子特征.[结果]hexon基因序列分析显示此次分离的毒株为Ⅰ群禽腺病毒血清4型(命名为WM-XC株),SPF鸡接种分离毒株后,致死率达90%,死亡鸡只出现明显的心包积液、肝炎等变化,肝脏病理切片可观察到明显的嗜酸性包涵体,显示分离毒株具有致病性.fiber-2基因序列同经典毒株ON1和KR5相应序列的相似性达96.1%和97.0%,与2015年以来国内分离的毒株序列相似性则达到100%;ORF29序列与2013年国内分离到的毒株JSJ13和JN13的相应序列相比存在33个碱基的缺失;WM-XC分离株与2015年以来国内分离毒株序列相同,但相比经典株ON1和KR-5,缺失ORF19序列.[结论]此次从广东地区分离到的血清4型Ⅰ群腺病毒,和近年国内其他地区分离的流行毒株一样,其fiber-2、ORF19和ORF29基因序列与经典毒株差异明显.     

高致病性FAdV-4分离株fiber2结构蛋白表达 和细胞内定位的分析

初步鉴定一株高致病性4型禽腺病毒（fowl adenovirus serotype 4, FAdV-4）并研究其生物学特性。应用PCR、动物实验、免疫印迹技术和激光共聚焦鉴定其致病性和传播途径,分析fiber2蛋白的表达特性及其在细胞内定位。结果显示,所分离的毒株为FAdV-4型强毒株,对鸡的致死率达100%,对鸭无明显致病性;病毒可以经过滴鼻点眼感染而非经过口腔感染;PCR扩增的fiber2基因的大小为1 440 bp,所构建的含fiber2基因的重组真核和原核表达质粒均可正确表达;共聚焦结果显示,fiber2蛋白主要定位于细胞核。结果可为进一步研究安徽省地区高致病性禽腺病毒的感染和疫苗制备提供基础。     

2015-2020年FAdV-4安徽流行株全基因组测序分析及不同感染途径的致病性研究

为探讨血清4型禽腺病毒（FAdV-4）安徽流行株的基因组遗传变异特征及其感染途径与致病性的关系,选择2015-2020年6株FAdV-4安徽分离株进行全基因组测序与分析,并以CH/AHMC/2015株对10日龄SPF鸡进行不同感染途径（皮下注射、口服、点眼、滴鼻及其分别同群混养）的致病性试验。结果显示,6株FAdV-4安徽分离株的基因组全长均为43 719～43 723 nt,其核苷酸同源性达99.97%,与国内FAdV-4主要流行株同源性为99.56%～100%,与国外经典毒株ON1、KR5、MX-SHP95同源性为98.45%～98.78%;6株病毒与国内代表株HB1510具有13个核苷酸位点差异,并导致5个位点氨基酸变化,与国外经典毒株存在特征性差异。氨基酸分析显示,Hexon蛋白aa188、Fiber-2蛋白aa219和aa380 3个氨基酸位点存在一定的特征性,致病株主要为R、D、T,非致病株主要为I/V、G、A。进化分析显示,国内FAdV-4流行株与巴基斯坦、印度分离株的遗传关系最近。感染试验显示,皮下注射、口服、点眼、滴鼻4 组人工感染鸡的发病率和死亡率分别为100%、55%、50%、60%和90%、20%、40%、50%,各组同群混养鸡的发病率为20%～40%,仅皮下注射组混养鸡出现死亡,死亡率为20%。结果表明,2015-2020年FAdV-4安徽省流行株具有国内主要流行致病株特征,其不同感染途径的结果进一步揭示该病的临床流行特点,为该病防制提供科学依据。     

家蚕生物反应器表达传染性法氏囊病病毒多聚蛋白的免疫原性研究

将传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)浙江分离株JD1的多聚蛋白(VP2/4/3)基因克隆到家蚕杆状病毒转移载体pBacPAK8中,重组载体与杆状病毒Bm-BacPAK6的线性化基因组DNA共转染家蚕细胞后,将获得的重组病毒BacPAK-A感染家蚕5龄起幼虫进行虫体内表达.用感染后第5日的蚕血淋巴作抗原制备油佐剂苗免疫14日龄非免疫鸡,安全性试验表明,接种1倍和5倍免疫剂量的试验鸡在临床反应和剖检中均无异常变化;在免疫-攻毒试验中设杆状病毒表达的IBDV VP2蛋白和正常蚕血淋巴免疫对照组,并于28日龄加强免疫,25 d后用IBDV强毒BC6/85攻击.通过临床保护率、病理保护率及血清学试验表明,基于多聚蛋白制备的疫苗更成功地诱导了体液免疫应答,比VP2蛋白对IBDV强毒的攻击具有更高的保护力,更适于作为IBD基因工程亚单位疫苗的抗原成分.     

利用iTRAQ蛋白质组技术筛选与鸡喙畸形相关的候选蛋白

【目的】中国地方鸡种如北京油鸡、清远麻鸡存在喙畸形现象,表现为上下喙咬合不全,呈交叉状。严重影响鸡饮水和采食,从而影响个体发育和生产性能的发挥,造成一定经济损失。笔者根据喙畸形个体的系谱记录,发现喙畸形的形成受到遗传因素的影响,但具体机制尚不明确。蛋白是行使各种生物学功能的最终形式之一,喙畸形个体的发生可能是由于核心蛋白或者相关调控蛋白代谢异常造成的。利用同位素标记相对和绝对定量（isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation,iTRAQ）技术以及生物信息学分析方法,筛选鸡畸形喙与正常喙中差异表达的蛋白,作为喙畸形相关的重要候选蛋白,为进一步研究北京油鸡喙畸形的遗传机制奠定基础。【方法】挑选3只120日龄喙畸形的公鸡作为试验组,编号为W1、W2、W3,同时,挑选与试验组个体为同胞关系（全同胞或半同胞）的喙正常公鸡作为对照组,编号为Z1、Z2、Z3。将喙畸形与其同胞正常个体作为一个比对组,iTRAQ试验具体包含3个比对组,即W1 vs Z1,W2 vs Z2,W3 vs Z3。屠宰个体后,剔除喙组织周围肌肉和筋膜,分离得到喙上颌骨和下颌骨,提取总蛋白样品,应用6个 iTRAQ标签标记各蛋白样品,经过色谱层析预分离,联合液相串联质谱分析,采用Mascot 2.3.02软件对蛋白进行鉴定和定量分析。试验组（W）与其同胞对照组(Z)样本比较（W1 vs Z1,W2 vs Z2,W3 vs Z3）,选择肽段数≥2,表达差异值＞1.2（上调）或＜0.83（下调）,且P＜0.05的蛋白作为差异表达蛋白。【结果】利用iTRAQ技术一共在喙组织中鉴定到3 372个蛋白,鉴定到的特异性肽段有12 769个。其中原鸡蛋白1 869个,分子质量主要分布在10-100 kD之间。3个比对组共鉴定出159个表达量有显著差异的蛋白质,其中包含70个表达上调的蛋白,89个表达下调的蛋白。统计各比对组蛋白表达差异值发现,表达量差异较大的上调蛋白质有LPL、MLC-2、CO9A1、MATN3、HSP90B1等,表达量差异较大的下调蛋白质有MBP、RLA1、PRVM、HAPLN1等。结合已经报道的这些蛋白的生物学功能,其中CO9A1、MATN3、HAPLN1与软骨合成和软骨骨化相关,CO9A1是带状软骨纤维的组成物质,MATN家族是非胶原性细胞外基质蛋白家族,HAPLN1是软骨细胞外基质的重要组成成分;PRVM是细胞内钙离子结合蛋白,参与调控Ca2+离子信号通路;LPL是多功能酶,主要在脂质代谢和转运过程中起作用,参与调控PPAR信号通路。初步筛选出CO9A1、MATN3、HAPLN1、PRVM、LPL作为与鸡喙畸形相关的候选蛋白。【结论】差异表达蛋白的发现为鸡喙畸形形态的发生提供蛋白质水平上的理论依据。     

传染性法氏囊病重组亚单位疫苗保存期试验

将14日龄SPF鸡分为5组,A、B和C组分别接种保存期为203、403、70 d的传染性法氏囊病重组亚单位疫苗,D和E组不接种。35日龄时,对A、B、C、D组的鸡以100倍法氏囊感染剂量的标准强毒株IBDV BC-6/85进行滴鼻。攻毒后第4天,将所有鸡致死,进行剖检,观察法氏囊眼观病变,取法氏囊组织以琼脂免疫扩散试验检测传染性法氏囊病毒抗原。法氏囊未见到明显肿大、变黄或胶冻样渗出物或出血等眼观病变及法氏囊中传染性法氏囊病毒抗原检测阴性判定为受到免疫保护。将各组的试验数据以x2检验进行统计分析。结果,A、B、C、D组的免疫保护率差别具有统计学意义,A与D组、B与D组、C与D组之间的免疫保护率具有极显著差异。结果表明,在2~8℃保存1年该疫苗的稳定性和免疫原性仍然相当好。     

原核表达番鸭呼肠孤病毒σC与σB蛋白对雏番鸭的免疫保护

【目的】探讨原核表达的番鸭呼肠孤病毒（DRV）外壳蛋白σC与σB对于雏番鸭的免疫保护作用,为研制有效的DRV亚单位疫苗提供理论基础。【方法】对pET-30a-S3/BL21重组菌与pET-30a-S4 ORF2/BL21重组菌进行稳定性检验,表达的重组蛋白进行纯化和复性后,进行油乳剂制备,50只1日龄雏番鸭随机平均分为5组,即DRV σB蛋白免疫组、DRV σC蛋白免疫组、DRV σB + σC蛋白免疫组及PBS对照组和攻毒对照组,免疫组皮下接种剂量为500 μg/只,7日龄时进行二次免疫,14日龄时进行攻毒试验,ELISA和琼扩（AGP）检测抗体水平并计算保护指数。【结果】重组菌具有良好的稳定性,各免疫组的雏番鸭均在第2次免疫后7 d产生了一定效价的抗体,其中DRV σB + σC蛋白免疫组和DRV σC蛋白免疫组的雏番鸭血清抗体ELISA效价均为1﹕200,高于DRV σB蛋白免疫组的1﹕100。攻毒保护试验结果表明,联合免疫的保护指数最高,可达70,重组DRV σC保护指数次之,为60,重组DRV σB蛋白保护指数最低,仅为40。【结论】使用原核表达的DRV外壳蛋白σC与σB制备油乳剂,联合免疫可诱导雏番鸭快速产生一定效价的抗体,并提供良好的免疫保护力。     

血清4型禽腺病毒Fiber-2蛋白截短表达及单克隆抗体制备

【目的】获得截短表达的血清4型禽腺病毒（FAdV-4）Fiber-2重组蛋白及其单克隆抗体,为建立快速灵敏的病毒检测方法提供基础材料。【方法】对Fiber-2基因序列进行密码子优化,截取Fiber-2蛋白抗原性集中片段,PCR扩增其基因序列,连接至pET-32a（+）构建原核表达载体。将表达的重组蛋白进行纯化,并通过Western blotting验证其在大肠杆菌中的表达情况。将重组蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠后取脾细胞与SP2/0细胞融合,利用间接酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）法筛选阳性细胞株,再利用秋水仙素裂解法、间接ELISA法和间接免疫荧光法（IFA）对其进行鉴定。【结果】成功构建Fiber-2基因截短片段的原核表达系统,获得大小约为67 kD的Fiber-2截短蛋白,以包涵体的形式出现,经纯化后可获得单一的特异性条带,经Western blotting鉴定证明其可与FAdV-4阳性血清结合从而产生一条特异性条带。经过4次亚克隆后筛选到5株能稳定分泌抗体的杂交瘤细胞株（2C2、4F6、5A5、6G10和10B5）,其抗体分泌稳定性、特异性好,诱生的细胞上清液抗体效价为1:1600～...     

可结合Caco-2细胞表面蛋白的副溶血弧菌外膜蛋白的筛选与鉴定

[目的]筛选可结合Caco-2细胞表面蛋白的副溶血弧菌外膜蛋白。[方法]筛选副溶血弧菌外膜中的黏附蛋白,将Caco-2细胞表面蛋白生物素化并固定于中性卵白素树脂上,进一步利用亲和层析技术来筛选副溶血弧菌的外膜蛋白。[结果]通过LC-MS/MS质谱技术鉴定出3个候选蛋白:ATP synthase subunit alpha、ATP synthase subunit beta和outer membrane protein U。通过对这3个蛋白进行克隆基因和原核表达,成功纯化得到相应重组蛋白。通过进一步的间接免疫荧光试验,发现3种蛋白对于Caco-2细胞均有黏附作用。[结论]推测ATP synthase subunit alpha、ATP synthase subunit beta和outer membrane protein U这3种蛋白可能是潜在的黏附因子。     

Northern Blot and Immunohistochemistry Analysis of HMOX1 Expression in Blue- and Brown-shelled Chickens

HMOX1 is an important functional candidate gene for chicken blue egg in view of its role in biosynthesis of biliverdin for blue egg coloration. To elucidate molecular mechanism of blue egg formation, this study detected expression of HMOX1 in blue-shelled chickens and brown-shelled chickens. Expression and alternative splicing of HMOX1 were detected by Northern blot, expression traits of HO-1 protein in shell glands of blue- （n=4） and brown-shelled （n=4） chickens were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. 3＇ UTR of HMOX1 was cloned using 3＇RACE. Results showed that the expression of HMOX1 at mRNA level had no significant difference between two groups of chickens, but at protein level HO-1 protein was highly expressed in blue-shelled chickens. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that HO-1 protein expression was predominately located in villus epithelial cell of shell gland. Length of HMOX1 3＇ UTR were 586 bp. In 3＇ UTR we found a SNP of rs13866562 showing significant association with blue egg phenotype. Further miRNA prediction showed that it might influence interaction of some miRNAs and target sequences. The data suggested that blue egg is relevant to high expression of HO-1 in villus epithelial cell of shell gland. Further experimental validation for biological relevance of miRNAs is dispensable to elucidate reason for differential expressions of HO-1 protein.     

壳寡糖对大熊猫轮状病毒VP6-VP7亚单位疫苗免疫作用的研究

为研究壳寡糖(COS)对大熊猫轮状病毒(GPRV)重组蛋白VP6-VP7的免疫增强作用,以原核表达的重组VP6-VP7蛋白为抗原,添加浓度为2.0 mg·mL^-1 COS作为免疫佐剂制成GPRV VP6-VP7-COS亚单位疫苗。选取SPF级昆明小鼠78只随机分为4组。PC组免疫纯化的重组VP6-VP7蛋白,A组免疫VP6-VP7-COS疫苗,B组免疫VP6-VP7氢氧化铝胶佐剂疫苗,NC组注射PBS(对照组)。在0、15、30 d进行免疫接种,每次接种完成后于每周每组随机挑选6只小鼠采血分离血清,分别检测小鼠血清IgG、IgA抗体效价、T淋巴细胞转化率、细胞因子的含量,评估COS对GPRV重组VP6-VP7蛋白诱导的免疫应答反应的调节作用。试验结束后,取各组小鼠注射部位的肌肉组织进行病理组织学分析,以评价COS作为免疫佐剂的安全性。结果表明,VP6-VP7-氢氧化铝胶佐剂组、VP6-VP7-COS组免疫小鼠血清中所产生的IgG均显著(P<0.05)高于其他各组。VP6-VP7-COS组小鼠产生的IgA抗体含量显著(P<0.05)高于其他各组,VP6-VP7-氢氧化铝胶佐剂组和VP6-VP7-COS物理混合组诱导T淋巴细胞增殖的能力显著(P<0.05)高于VP6-VP7蛋白组。VP6-VP7-COS组、VP6-VP7-氢氧化铝胶佐剂组中IL-2、IL-4、IL-5及IFN-γ的含量均显著(P<0.05)高于其他组,组织病理学分析结果表明,以COS作为佐剂的VP6-VP7亚单位疫苗免疫小鼠后注射部位的肌肉组织未出现病理变化。本研究表明,GPRV重组蛋白VP6-VP7能够显著诱导动物机体的免疫应答,壳寡糖对GPRV VP6-VP7蛋白呈现较好的免疫增强效果。本研究为研制安全、无副作用和高免疫保护力的GPRV 亚单位疫苗提供了参考。     

鲤疱疹病毒3型ORF57基因工程亚单位疫苗制备及免疫保护研究

旨在研究鲤疱疹病毒3型(Cyprinid herpesvirus 3,CyHV-3)囊膜蛋白ORF57作为疫苗候选抗原的可能性。根据已经发表的鲤疱疹病毒3型全基因组(GenBank登录号为DQ657948.1),设计特异性引物,扩增、克隆ORF57序列并进行生物信息学分析。构建重组原核表达载体pET-32a(+)-CyHV-3-ORF57,大肠埃希菌体外表达获得重组蛋白ORF57。此外,对ORF57亚单位疫苗的免疫保护性进行研究。鲤鱼免疫4周后CyHV-3攻毒具有75%的存活率,ORF57亚单位疫苗组鲤鱼的存活率显著高于PBS和pET-32a(+)组。实验结果证明,重组ORF57亚单位疫苗具有较强的免疫保护性,为免疫学临床的应用和CyHV-3疫苗的开发提供了实验基础。     

新城疫和传染性法氏囊病二联疫苗的免疫效力研究

以LaSota系新城疫(ND)病毒制成ND弱毒疫苗,以含传染性法氏囊病(IBD)病毒VP2基因重组质粒pET28a/VP2的大肠杆菌BL21制成IBD重组活载体疫苗,将ND弱毒疫苗和IBD重组活载体疫苗组建ND-IBD二联疫苗.将试验鸡分成8个组,分别肌肉注射接种ND弱毒疫苗、IBD重组活栽体疫苗和ND-IBD二联疫苗.最后一次接种后第10天,对所有试验鸡进行采血,分离血清,以病毒血凝抑制试验(HI)及琼脂免疫扩散试验检测NDV抗体和IBDV抗体.对NDV HI抗体阳性率进行x2检验及对NDV HI效价进行方差分析,结果对照组与其他4组之间差异均显著(P＜0.05),而试验组(B、C、D、E)4组之间差异均不显著(P＞0.05).对IBDV抗体阳性率进行x2检验及对IBDV沉淀抗体滴度进行方差分析,结果在A、B、F 3组之间差异不显著(P＞0.05),在C、D、G、H 4组之间差异不显著(P＞0.05);而A、B、F 3组与C、D、G、H 4组之间差异显著(P＜0.05).试验表明,在诱导雏鸡体液免疫应答方面,ND-IBD二联疫苗与ND弱毒疫苗和IBD重组活载体疫苗具有同样的效力.     

Construction of Salmonella Pullorum ghost by co-expression of lysis gene E and the antimicrobial peptide SMAP29 and evaluation of its immune efficacy in specific-pathogen-free chicks

In this study,a safety enhanced Salmonella Pullorum(S.Pullorum)ghost was constructed using an antimicrobial peptide gene,and evaluated for its potential as a Pullorum disease(PD)vaccine candidate.The antimicrobial peptide SMAP29 was co-expressed with lysis gene E to generate S.Pullorum ghosts.No viable bacteria were detectable either in the fermentation culture after induction of gene E-and SMAP29-mediated lysis for 24 h or in the lyophilized ghost products.Specific-pathogenfree(SPF)chicks were intraperitoneally immunized with ghosts at day 7 of age and no mortality,clinical symptoms or signs of PD such as anorexia,depression and diarrhea were observed.On challenge with a virulent S.Pullorum strain at 4 wk post-immunization,a comparatively higher level of protection was observed in the S.Pullorum ghost immunized chickens with a minimum of pathological lesions and bacterial loads compared to the birds in inactivated vaccine groups.In addition,immunization with the S.Pullorum ghosts induced a potent systemic Ig G response and was associated with significantly increased levels of cytokine IFN-γand IL-4 and relative percentages of CD4~+ and CD8~+ T lymphocytes.Our results indicate that SMAP29 can be employed as a new secondary lethal protein to enhance the safety of bacterial ghosts,and to prepare a non-living bacterial vaccine candidate that can prevent PD in chickens.     

Whole genome SNPs among 8 chicken breeds enable identification of genetic signatures that underlie breed features

Many different chicken breeds are found around the world, their features vary among them, and they are valuable resources. Currently, there is a huge lack of knowledge of the genetic determinants responsible for phenotypic and biochemical properties of these breeds of chickens. Understanding the underlying genetic mechanisms that explain across-breed variation can help breeders develop improved chicken breeds. The whole-genomes of 140 chickens from 7 Shandong native breeds and 20 introduced recessive white chickens from China were re-sequenced. Comparative population genomics based on autosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) revealed geographically based clusters among the chickens. Through genome-wide scans for selective sweeps, we identified thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR, reproductive traits, circadian rhythm), erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1 like 1 (EPB41L1, body size), and alkylglycerol monooxygenase (AGMO, aggressive behavior), as major candidate breed-specific determining genes in chickens. In addition, we used a machine learning classification model to predict chicken breeds based on the SNPs significantly associated with recourse characteristics, and the prediction accuracy was 92%, which can effectively achieve the breed identification of Laiwu Black chickens. We provide the first comprehensive genomic data of the Shandong indigenous chickens. Our analyses revealed phylogeographic patterns among the Shandong indigenous chickens and candidate genes that potentially contribute to breed-specific traits of the chickens. In addition, we developed a machine learning-based prediction model using SNP data to identify chicken breeds. The genetic basis of indigenous chicken breeds revealed in this study is useful to better understand the mechanisms underlying the resource characteristics of chicken.     

A Dominant Locus,qBSC-1, Controls β Subunit Content of Seed Storage Protein in Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merri.)

Soybean seed storage protein is one of the most important plant vegetable proteins, and β subunit is of great significance to enhance soybean protein quality and processing property. F₂ segregated population and residual heterozygous lines (RHL) derived from the cross between Yangyandou (low level of β subunit) and Zhonghuang 13 (normal level of β subunit) were used for mapping of β subunit content. Our results showed that β subunit content was controlled by a single dominant locus, qBSC-1 (β subunit content), which was mapped to a region of 11.9 cM on chromosome 20 in F₂ population of 85 individuals. This region was narrowed down to 2.5 cM between BARCSOYSSR_20_0997 and BARCSOYSSR_20_0910 in RHL with a larger population size of 246 individuals. There were 48 predicted genes within qBSC-1 region based on the reference genome (Glyma 1.0, Williams 82), including the two copies of β subunit coding gene CG4. An InDel marker developed from a thymine (TT) insertion in one copy of CG4 promoter region in Yangyandou cosegregrated with BARCSOYSSR_20_0975 within qBSC-1 region, suggesting that this InDel marker maybe useful for marker-assisted selection (MAS).     

Proteomic Identification of Differentially Expressed Proteins in Vaccaria segetalis-treated Dairy Cow Mammary Epithelial Cells

To investigate the potential effects of Vaccaria segetalis, we employed the proteomic approach on the dairy cow mammary gland epithelial cells (DCMECs). A total of 35 differentially expressed nuclear proteins were visualized by 2-DE and silver nitrate staining. Of these, five proteins also displayed significant expression changes upon treatment of the water decoction from Vaccaria segetalis, and such alterations were further confirmed by RT-PCR. Together, at both the mRNA and protein levels, the water decoction from Vaccaria segetalis increased the expression of proteins ethylmalonic encephalopathy 1 (ETHE1), vesicle amine transport protein 1 homolog (VAT1), parkinson disease protein 7 homolog (Protein DJ-1), proteasome subunit alpha type-2 (PSMA2) and SUMO-activating enzyme subunit 1 (SAE1). This study would enable a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying this water decoction effects at the protein level.