中草药饲料添加剂防治断奶仔猪腹泻及对生长性能的影响

选用断奶后的仔猪72头随机分为3个组,试验1组、2组分别添加两种中草药饲料添加剂,添加量均为0.50%。结果表明：试验1组、2组与对照组相比,腹泻率分别降低了77.11%、70.54%;日增重分别提高了10.06%、6.69%,试验1组与对照组相比差异达到显著水平（P〈0.05）;饲料报酬,试验1、2组较对照组分别提高了14.88%、9.04%,试验1组与对照组相比差异达到极显著水平（P〈0.01）,试验2组与对照组相比差异达到显著水平（P〈0.05）。     

苜蓿皂甙对断奶仔猪生长性能和抗氧化性能的影响

为探讨苜蓿(Medicago sativa)皂甙对断奶仔猪生长性能和抗氧化性能的影响,选用72头体重7.5 kg左右的"杜×长×大"三元杂交断奶仔猪进行研究。试验随机分为4组:基础日粮组(C)、基础日粮添加0.5%苜蓿皂甙组(T1)、基础日粮添加1%苜蓿皂甙组(T2)和基础日粮添加2%苜蓿皂甙组(T3),每组3个重复,每个重复6头猪(公母各3头)。结果表明:苜蓿皂甙可以显著提高断奶仔猪的日增重(P<0.05),降低料重比,以T2组(1%苜蓿皂甙)效果最好;苜蓿皂甙可以显著提高断奶仔猪血清和组织中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性(P<0.05),降低丙二醛(MDA)的含量(P<0.05),而且随着苜蓿皂甙水平的增加,仔猪血清和组织中GSH-PX,SOD的活性呈升高趋势,MDA的含量呈下降趋势。因此,在断奶仔猪日粮中添加苜蓿皂甙可以提高其抗氧化能力,促进其生长。     

EM在早期断奶仔猪日粮中的应用

试验比较了ＥＭ和常规药物添加剂对仔猪早期断奶综合症的作用效果。试验结果表明;生长速率和饲料报酬ＥＭ组略低于药物组,而抗断奶应激腹泻和提高采食量ＥＭ组效果较好,但差异不显著（Ｐ〉０．０５）,表明ＥＭ对改善早期断奶仔猪健康状况有一定作用,是否具有替代抗生素的潜在价值有待深入研究。     

添加优生素对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

试验选用40日龄、平均体重相近且健康的72头断奶仔猪,随机分成3组,分别饲喂基础日粮、某企业断奶仔猪料(I)与基础日粮中添加0.015%优生素的试验日粮(Ⅱ)进行饲喂试验研究。结果表明:断奶仔猪早期日粮中添加优生素,仔猪的日增重比对照组提高10.8%(P<0.05),料肉比降低10.5%(P<0.05)。     

谷氨酰胺二肽对断奶仔猪生长、免疫、抗氧化力和小肠粘膜形态的影响

本文旨在研究谷氨酰胺二肽(Gln二肽)对断奶仔猪生长、免疫、抗氧化力和小肠粘膜形态的影响,探讨Gln二肽缓减仔猪断奶应激的机理。选用96头平均体重(6.23±0.13)kg杜×(大×长)三元杂交仔猪,按完全区组设计分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复6头(公母各1/2),各处理仔猪分别饲喂基础饲粮、基础饲粮添加0.125%Gln二肽、基础饲粮添加0.25%Gln二肽和2%血浆蛋白粉的试验饲粮。结果表明,饲粮中添加0.125%和0.25%Gln二肽可以提高断奶仔猪生长性能。其中,断奶后0～10d0.125%Gln二肽组的生长性能与2%血浆蛋白粉组相近;断奶后11～21d0.125%Gln二肽组的生长性能略优于2%血浆蛋白粉组(P>0.05),而每kg增重饲料成本显著低于2%血浆蛋白粉(P<0.05)。随饲粮Gln二肽添加水平提高,断奶后第10天血液中CD4 数量以二次曲线方式升高(二次,P=0.08),第10和第21天血清GSH-Px活性分别以线性(线性,P=0.02)或二次曲线(二次,P=0.10)方式升高,第10和第21天血清SOD活性均以线性方式升高(线性,P=0.10和0.08)。断奶后第21天,0.125%Gln二肽组十二指肠的隐窝深度显著低于基础饲粮组(P<0.05)。总之,Gln二肽可能通过增强断奶仔猪细胞免疫功能、改善抗氧化能力、防止小肠粘膜绒毛萎缩,以缓减仔猪的断奶应激,从而提高生长性能,且以0.125%Gln二肽组仔猪生长性能最好,每kg增重饲料成本最低。     

载铜蒙脱石对断奶仔猪生长性能及血清免疫指标、抗氧化指标、炎症指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加载铜蒙脱石对断奶仔猪生长性能及血清免疫、抗氧化、炎症等生化指标的影响.选取72头(25±3)日龄、体重为(7.42±0.88)kg的健康仔猪(公母各半),按随机区组设计分为3组,每组4个重复,每个重复6头猪.3个处理分别为对照组、氧化锌+抗生素组及载铜蒙脱石组,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,氧化锌+抗生素...     

Glutamic acid supplementation recovers the reduced performance of weanling pigs fed reduced crude protein diets

This study was conducted to evaluate the supplementation of glutamic acid(Glu)to reduced protein diets on the performance of weanling pigs.One hundred and eighty crossbred weanling pigs([Yorkshire
Landrace]
Duroc,21 d old)having similar body weight(BW)of 6.45 kg were randomly allotted to 1 of 6 dietary treatments(5 pigs per pen[2 barrows and 3 gilts];6 pens per treatment)based on BW and sex during a 6-week trial.Dietary treatments consisted of positive control(PC)diet formulated to have 226.9,205.6,and 188.8 g crude protein(CP)during phases 1,2,and 3,respectively,and negative control(NC)diets with 20 g CP reduction from PC diets and addition of Glu with increasing levels,resulting in the calculated Lys-to-Glu ratios of 1:2.25,1:2.30.1:2.35,1:2.40,and 1:2.45,designated as NC,NC1,NC2,NC3,and NC4,respectively.The BW of pigs receiving PC diet was higher(P<0.05)than those receiving NC diet at d 7,21 and 42.A higher(P<0.05)average daily gain(ADG)from d 1 to 7,8 to 21,22 to 42 and during the overall experiment period was observed in pigs fed PC than NC diet.Pigs fed NC diets including the graded level of Glu linearly increased(P<0.05)BW at d 42,ADG and gain-to-feed ratio(G:F)during the overall experimental period.In addition,trends in linear increase in BW(P=0.056)at d 7 and ADG from d 1 to 7 and d 22 to 42(linear effect,P=0.081,P=0.058 respectively)were observed.A tendency in the linear increment of NH3(P=0.082)at d 21 and linear reduction in methyl mercaptans(P=0.054)emission at d 42 was observed in pigs fed NC diets supplemented with graded level of Glu.In conclusion,supplementing the reduced protein diet with Glu enhanced the growth performance in weanling pigs suggesting that supplementation of Glu can compensate the reduction of 2%CP in the basal diets.     

益生素对断奶仔猪生产性能和腹泻率的影响

本试验选用35±2日龄的PIC五元杂交配套系断奶仔猪45头,将其随机分成3个试验组,即试验1组、试验2组和对照组,在试验组仔猪日粮中分别添加0.1%和0.3%的复合益生菌制剂,旨在研究益生素对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响。试验结果表明,益生素对断奶仔猪的生产性能有良好的促进作用,且腹泻率有所降低。     

Effects of dietary Selenomethionine supplementation on growth performance,antioxidant status,plasma selenium concentration,and immune function in weaning pigs

Background

This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of DL-selenomethionine (DL-SeMet) supplementation on growth performance, antioxidant status, plasma selenium (Se) concentration, and immune function of weaning pigs. 216 weaning pigs were randomly allocated to 6 treatments with 6 replicates each according to a complete randomized block design. Each replicate had six pigs. Diet of group one was corn-soybean basal diet without any additional Se supplement. Group 2 was supplemented with 0.3 mg/kg of Se from sodium selenite. Groups 3-6 were supplemented with 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 mg/kg of Se from DL-SeMet, respectively. The trial lasted for 42 days.

Results

Pigs supplemented with 0.3 and 0.7 mg/kg DL-SeMet obtained better feed gain ratio (P < 0.05). The best antioxidant ability (serum, liver, and muscle) was shown in 0.1-0.3 mg/kg DL-SeMet groups (P < 0.05). The plasma Se concentration increased as the dietary DL-SeMet level elevated. The immunity among groups was not affected.

Conclusions

DL-SeMet supplementation in the diet significantly improved the growth performance, antioxidant ability and plasma Se content of weaning pigs. DL-SeMet can replace sodium selenite in the diet of weaning pigs.     

茶树油制剂(颗粒剂)对保育猪生长性能的影响

试验旨在探究茶树油饲料添加剂(颗粒型)对保育猪生长性能的影响.试验动物选取小保育猪50头和大保育猪36头,小保育猪分为5组,每组10头,对照组饲喂基础饲料,试验组饲喂基础饲料中分别添加50 mg/kg、100 mg/kg、200 mg/kg、400 mg/kg茶树油的试验饲料.大保育猪分为6组,每组6头,对照组饲喂基础...     

中草药添加剂代替抗生素饲喂保育猪的效果

本试验旨在探索中草药添加剂代替抗生素添加剂饲喂保育仔猪后,对仔猪生长、发育及疾病防治效果的影响。结果发现,试验组（添加2%中草药添加剂）的发病率和死亡率明显低于对照组（添加0.1%土霉素粉）,增重高于对照组（P〈0.01）,增重成本低于对照组1.56元/kg,经济效益提高18%。     

Growth performance, energy, and nitrogen balance of weanling pigs fed a cereal-based diet supplemented with Chinese rhubarb

Forty Swiss Large White piglets of 4 weeks of age were used to determine the effect of dietary Chinese rhubarb on growth performance, as well as on energy and nitrogen metabolism by means of indirect respiration calorimetry studies. A cereal-based diet, supplemented with four different dosages of Chinese rhubarb (0.0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%), was offered ad libitum to the piglets. Gaseous exchange was measured, and urine, faeces, and blood samples were taken. The addition of 0.25% dietary rhubarb increased feed intake (+32%) and daily weight gain (+67%) compared to the diet containing the greatest amount of rhubarb (1%). The piglets fed diet supplemented with 0.25% rhubarb digested and metabolised more energy and nitrogen relative to the animals of treatment 1%. As a consequence, the same group (0.25%) converted more energy and nitrogen into body protein than piglets receiving diet supplemented with 1% rhubarb. However, compared to the control group, the addition of 0.25% rhubarb to the diet resulted in not significantly alter growth performance, energy, and nitrogen metabolism of the animals.Blood parameters were not affected by the rhubarb supplementation. The dose-responding effect of Chinese rhubarb was reflected by the dry matter content of faecal samples. According to the laxative effect of higher doses of rhubarb, the addition of 1% rhubarb to the diet reduced dry matter content of faeces. This effect was well visible in practice, although not relevant in statistical terms. The addition of 0.5% dietary rhubarb had no relevant effect on growth performance or on energy and nitrogen metabolism of treated animals.     

L-苹果酸对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响研究

为评价L-苹果酸对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响,本试验选取均重6 kg左右的断奶仔猪100头(公母各半),随机均分成试验组和对照组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在每千克基础日粮中加入2.0 g L-苹果酸,两组均按常规免疫程序免疫,32d后统计仔猪存活率和增重率。结果显示:在基础日粮中添加L-苹果酸,可以提高保育阶段仔猪的存活率和增重率,增加养猪效益。     

Effects of dietary supplementation with Allium mongolicum Regel extracts on growth performance,serum metabolites,immune responses,antioxidant status,and meat quality of lambs

The present study was to evaluate the effects of dried Allium mongolicum Regel (AMR) powder and its water- and fat-soluble extracts (AWE and AFE) on the growth performance, serum metabolites, immune responses, antioxidant status, and meat quality of lambs. A total of 32 male small-tailed Han lambs (5 months old; initial body weight = 34.8 ± 0.40 kg) were used in a 60-d feeding experiment after a 15-d adaptation period. The lambs were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 8) and fed a basal diet (control, CON group), the basal diet supplemented with dried AMR powder at 10 g/d per lamb (AMR group), the basal diet supplemented with AWE at 3.4 g/d per lamb (AWE group), or the basal diet supplemented with AFE at 2.8 g/d per lamb (AFE group). Blood samples were collected on d 0, 30, and 60 in the feeding experiment (n = 8). At the end of the experiment, the lambs were sacrificed and the longissimus dorsi muscles collected. Growth performance was not significantly affected by dietary supplementation of AMR, AWE and AFE (P > 0.05). However, significantly lower albumin (P = 0.006), total protein (P = 0.006), globin (P = 0.025), and blood urea nitrogen (P = 0.024) concentrations were observed in AFE group relative to CON and AMR groups. Similarly, a significantly lower lactate dehydrogenase activity (P = 0.018) was observed in AFE group relative to AWE group, but not in other groups (P > 0.05). In addition, significantly increasing trends in glutathione peroxidase (P = 0.06) in AMR, AWE, and AFE groups were observed relative to the control group. Furthermore, significantly lower drip loss (P = 0.011) across the treatment groups and cooking loss (P = 0.048) were observed in the AMR group relative to the control group. Taken together, these results indicate that AMR and its extracts had no significant effect on lamb growth performance, antioxidant status, and immune responses, but could significantly improve meat quality without the occurrence of pathological kidney and liver lesions.     

不同比例低蛋白氨基酸平衡日粮对断奶仔猪生长性能及氮平衡的影响

为了解不同比例低蛋白氨基酸平衡日粮对断奶仔猪生长性能及氮平衡的影响,试验将96头初始体重9.8 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪随机分成4个处理,每个处理分别饲喂含不同蛋白水平的玉米-豆粕型饲粮(20%CP、19%CP、18%CP和17%CP),通过补充合成氨基酸,使各处理组的氨基酸与要求相一致。正式试验期为28 d,测定断奶仔猪生长性能、氮平衡指标。结果表明,日粮蛋白水平降至18%时,不会影响断奶仔猪生长性能,且显著降低尿氮、粪氮和总氮排放量(P<0.01);但随着日粮蛋白水平进一步降至17%时,显著降低仔猪平均日增重(P<0.01),显著增加料重比(P<0.01);18%CP组与17%CP组总氮排放量、氮表观利用率、氮表观生物学效价差异不显著(P>0.05)。说明添加合成氨基酸满足断奶仔猪需要,将日粮蛋白水平降至18%,不仅不会影响仔猪生长性能,而且还会降低氮排放,减少环境污染。     

Use of refined potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Gogu valley) protein as an alternative to antibiotics in weanling pigs

This study investigates the use of refined potato protein (RPP) obtained from the potato (Solanum tuberosum) tubers of “Gogu valley” for their antimicrobial properties and its effects on growth performance, apparent nutrient digestibility and microbial populations in feces and large intestine of weanling pigs. Pigs (n = 280; Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc; average initial body weight of 5.96 ± 0.66 kg; 23 ± 3 d of age) were allotted on the basis of their body weight and sex to five dietary treatments (each treatment comprised of 4 replicate pens with 14 pigs in each) in a randomized complete block design. The dietary treatments were: PC (positive control; basal diet + 150 ppm apramycin sulfate and 10 ppm colistin sulfate), and RPP (basal diet added with 0, 200, 400 and 600 ppm RPP). The RPP showed in vitro antimicrobial activity and at the concentration of 150 ppm inhibited the growth of tested microbes (Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella choleraesuis, Salmonella gallinarum and Escherichia coli). Pigs fed with antibiotic diet showed better growth performance and had lower populations of total bacteria, coliforms and Staphylococcus spp. in the feces and large intestine when compared with pigs fed RPP diets. Increasing the levels of RPP in diets linearly improved performance and reduced the populations of total bacteria, coliforms and Staphylococcus spp. in feces and contents of colon and rectum. The apparent fecal digestibility of DM, CP and apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids did not differ among pigs fed antibiotic and RPP diets. These results suggest that antibiotics were more effective in improving the performance of pigs, while feeding of RPP also improved the performance and reduced the harmful microbes being more effective at higher levels. Thus at higher levels RPP obtained from the potato tubers of Gogu valley can be a potential replacement of antibiotics in the feed of weanling pigs.     

湿喂法在断奶仔猪生产中的应用

断奶仔猪采用湿喂法能提高仔猪的生产性能 ,改善其健康状况。一方面 ,液体日粮容易被仔猪接受 ,这样可以防止仔猪断奶后采食量的急速下降。另一方面 ,加水后成液态的饲料在自然条件下会发酵 ,这导致饲料中的乳酸菌数量增加、乳酸浓度上升、pH值下降。与喂干粉饲料相比 ,给断奶后仔猪喂液体日粮能够改善仔猪消化道的内环境 ,减少疾病 ,提高干物质采食量和日增重。     

日粮锌水平对生长期獭兔生长性能和血清生化指标的影响

本试验通过日粮锌水平的变化,测定生长期獭兔生长性能和血清生化指标,从而探讨锌在动物机体内的作用机制。结果表明,当日粮锌添加水平为60 mg/kg时,獭兔体重、日增重显著高于对照组(P<0.05),料肉比显著低于对照组(P<0.05);血清中总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、IgM含量显著高于对照组;血清中尿素氮含量以日粮锌添加水平为60 mg/kg时最低,丙氨酸氨基转移酶、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶和碱性磷酸酶含量最高,均与对照组差异显著(P<0.05)。结论:日粮中锌添加水平为60 mg/kg时,能够有效提高生长期獭兔生长性能,日增重显著提高,且血清中蛋白代谢相关指标、血清氮代谢和锌相关酶活性最高,有利于提高獭兔机体免疫力。     

复合益生菌乳膏剂的制备和对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

益生菌已经在畜禽养殖中广泛应用于动物保健。当前益生菌制剂仍存在需低温保存且有效期短的问题。此研究开发了一种由干酪乳杆菌、屎肠球菌和约氏乳杆菌组合而成的新型复合益生菌乳膏剂,在室温下贮存56 d后仍可维持较高活菌数(>108 cfu/g)。在断奶仔猪日粮中添加该复合益生菌乳膏剂可提高断奶仔猪平均日增重和末均重(P<0.05)、降低饲料增重比,而不影响平均日采食量。研究结果表明,所制备和优化的复合益生菌乳膏剂具有良好室温保存稳定性,在断奶仔猪中使用可有效促进饲料营养吸收,从而提高生长性能。     

Efficacy of bentonite clay in ameliorating aflatoxicosis in piglets fed aflatoxin contaminated diets

The efficacy of locally produced bentonite was evaluated with respect to ameliorating the adverse effects of aflatoxins (AF) in piglets fed AF contaminated diets. Forty eight piglets were randomly assigned to one of four treatments: 1) 0 g of bentonite and 0 μg AF/kg feed (control); 2) 4 g of bentonite plus 200 μg AF/kg feed (AF + Bento 4); 3) 5 g of bentonite plus 200 μg AF/kg feed (AF + Bento 5) and 4) 0 g of bentonite plus 200 μg AF/kg feed (AFA). Piglets in the AFA treatment had lower overall average daily weight gain (ADG), feed conversion efficiency, albumin (ALB) and total protein (TP) compared to the control diet, while mean serum leukocyte and enzyme activities (glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT), alkaline phosphate (ALP) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH)) were significant increased. The inclusion of bentonite at 0.4% or 0.5% in the AF contaminated diet restored the lower performance, feed efficiency and abnormal blood profiles of the piglets given AF and no differences between 0.4 and 0.5% inclusion of bentonite. The findings in the present study provide critically needed confirmation that bentonite has the ability to reduce the adverse effects of AF.